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2.1.3 Local Studies
2.1.3.1 Phillips Sanctuary1
Antipolo City, Rizal
Phillips Sanctuary is a 12-hectare eco-recreation
farm, perfect for team building activities, picnics, retreats,
company outings, school field trips, parties and other
recreational activities. In relation, team building is a program
that brings companies closer to their goals as it encourages a sense of camaraderie and team
spirit among officials and employees.
The team building facilities offered by Phillips Sanctuary are the hanging bridge, mud
crawl, net climbing, tight rope walk, river long balance, Tarzan jump, spider web and zip line.
Analysis:The Phillips Sanctuary will surely affect the proposed BIRETRACC, because it
offers the same and wider facilities. Both sanctuaries (Phillips and the BIRETRACC) are located in
the province of Rizal.
Approach: The zip line is the outdoor team building facility which I will apply in the
proposed project.
1http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com
http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com/http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com/http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com/http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com/http://www.phillips-sanctuary.com/7/29/2019 The Biretracc's Chapter 2 (Part 2) Final
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2.1.3.2 Rizal Memorial Sports Complex Bowling CenterRMSC, Pablo Ocampo Street, Malate, Manila
A former gymnasium and was converted into a
bowling center during the 1st staging of the Philippines for the
1981 SEA Games. Bong Coo, emerged as its most
successful Filipino campaigner winning 6 medals out of 6
bowling events. The succeeding photos below are some of
the facilities/spaces of the Bowling Center:
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2.1.3.3 PhilSports Complex Swimming and Diving CenterPhilSports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
Originally, the PhilSports or Philippine Institute of Sports Complex is a school formerly
named as St. Martin Integrated School. During the 1970s it was transferred to First Lady Imelda
Marcos and was converted into the University of Life or the
Pamantasan ng Bagong Lipunan. The University of Life aims
to train rural government officials/individuals by offering
different vocational courses like the present TESDA. The
present PhilSports trains the youth and their trainers to be
the future elite athletes/trainers of the national team.
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On the other hand, the PhilSports Swimming Center is a practice site for the national team
and is open for other swimming events. It caters swimming clinics, PE class and corporate events.
The Center is currently under renovation (February 2010) and its neglected diving facility is on its
way to revival.
Analysis: One of my minor objectives is to provide case studies properly managed by a
local government agency. The PhilSports Swimming Center is properly managed by the PSC,
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because of its strong patronage and strategic location. However, the RMSC Bowling Center is
losing its purpose: to provide quality bowling services. Maybe, because of the numerous bowling
facilities located in malls, they greatly affected not just the RMSC Bowling Center but also other
bowling facilities managed by local government units.
Approach: It is advisable for researchers to experience the related studies about their
proposed project. By visiting these facilities, we can acquire first hand information, proper
observation of activities and the proper management of buildings.
2.1.4 Foreign Study: Selected Beijing Olympic Buildings2
Olympic Green, Beijing, China
Ive selected four (4) iconic buildings of the Beijing 2008 Olympics situated on the Olympic
Green- the main site of the games. I will only discuss the design concepts of these buildings and I
will reveal how the designers linked the gap between ancient China and the modern world.
The first one is the National Stadium
inspired by Chinese ceramics and was designed by
Herzog and de Meuron. They wanted the stadium
to be a collective vessel like a bowl and also
wanted it to be porous, open to its surroundings.
Combining these two ideas, they had fused a pair of structures: a bright red concrete bowl for
seating (the vessel) and the nest-formed steel members surrounding it (the porous approach). In
addition, this stadia also uses the concept of asymmetry and non-repetition. This building has a
hyperbolic paraboloid roof that looks different from all directions. Even more, the crisscrossing steel
2 National Stadium, National Swimming Center, Digital Beijing, Other Olympic Venues, Architectural Record, Special issue: BeijingTransformed, July 2008, pages 92 to 111
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members have different patterns that surround the interior seating bowl. Finally, the National
Stadium acts as a symbolic icon linking the old and new- the vision of China from being a third
world country into a future first class nation.
The second building is the National Swimming
Center developed by PTW, ARUP and CSCEC. It took
its inspiration from a green house- a building that
captures and holds solar energy. However, instead of
delicate plants, swimming pools are located inside the
water cube. The designers of this building wanted to contrast their design with Herzog and de
Meurons National Stadium. If the Birds Nest is red and round the Water Cube is blue and boxy. In
addition, this building uses the concept of visual and acoustical transparency through the use of
ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)- a transparent and lightweight form of Teflon plastic. Even
more, the water cube visually floats because of a reflecting pool surrounding it.
The third one is Digital Beijing by Zhun Pei and Wu
Tong. This building became the control center of the 2008
summer Olympics; home base for technical and security
teams and the hub for routers, computers and servers
needed to run the games in a digital age. They wanted this
building to represent Chinas achievements and the
designers took their inspiration from computer circuitry. They organized the building into four (4)
parallel slabs that recall a set of motherboards. Gaps between those slabs provide ventilation for
the equipments inside the building. Even more, this building acted as the brain of the Olympics;
therefore the designers provided an architectural skull- a granite shell that imparts a sense of
security.
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Finally, the fourth building is the Tennis
Center designed by BlighVollerNield and CCDI. The
architects devised the three structures containing the
main courts as dodecagons, symbolizing the 12 petals
of a lotus, a flower that has long associated with
Chinese culture. Moreover, it uses green design
principles such as the treatment of wastewater which can be used in irrigation. Even more, solar
cells located on the centers roof will heat the water for the buildings use while the courts are
naturally ventilated.
Analysis: The designers of the Olympic buildings are either Chinese or
Western/Australian architects. The two groups have different interpretation of modern Chinese
architecture: the Western/Australian side took their inspiration from ancient Chinese elements while
the resident Chinese designers followed the non-traditional approach. This clearly shows the
diverse attitude of designers, their assorted ideas and unique renditions; meaning if youre familiar
with the place you might have a different outlook compare to the regions visitors. A careful study of
ones culture is essential to come up with an accepted form. Even more, the trend in modern
architecture is the architectural form- a unique shape that will represents the localitys culture and
will amaze the viewing public.
Approach:One of the studys minor objectives is to produce a unique architectural form
which depicts the character of Binangonan. This related study allowed the researcher to know the
various approach of designers, regarding culture to form interpretation. Make sure that when using
architectural forms, it must serve a purpose for the building and not for aesthetics only (for
example, the petals of the Beijing Tennis Center also act as seating areas or bleachers). Form is
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an important factor in architecture, because the exterior appearance of the building is the first
characteristic appreciated or rejected by the users.
2.2Conceptual Framework, Research Focus and Paradigm
2.2.1 Conceptual Framework
Environmentalism started in the 1970s through Rachel Carsons book the Silent Spring - a
book which looks at the effects of pesticides on ecology and human health. Environmentalism in
the 1970s to 1980s focused on identifying and solving the current problems about the
environment. Later on, in 1987 a new approach emerged, designing for the future- the birth of
Sustainable Development.
Sustainable Development means meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs (World Commission on Environment and
Development). In 1992, William McDonough, an architect and environmental advocate had
proposed the Triple Bottom Line (Figure 1).
ECOLOGY
EQUITY ECONOMY
Figure 1: The Triple Bottom Line byMcDonough
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Sustainable design costs higher than the usual type of building design and construction. For
instance, the use of solar panels and other environmental technologies can cost higher than the
building itself. Therefore, the Triple Bottom Line balances the need to acquire these technologies
by investing in a long term period- spending now and harvest the future results through low
electricity usage and minimal waste output. In addition, the TBL aims to build a sustainable
environment that incorporates human needs and wants (social well being), contributes to the
common good of all living things (environmental quality) and to produce income generating projects
(economic success).
In relation to McDonoughs concept, the researcher had devised a simpler triangulated
relationship: the Trio of Environmentally Sensitive Design (Figure 2).
The TESD is a triangulated connection of users, environment and architecture. The researcher
designed this concept to answer the problems enveloping the proposed BIRETRACC. Some of
these issues are the preservation of the sites natural features without neglecting the requirements
of the proposed facilities; proper application of the local governments solid waste management
Figure 2: Del Mundo's Trio of Environmentally Sensitive Design
NATURE
USERS ARCHITECTURE
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program; identifying the different recreational, training and convention needs of the users and
many more. These problems are being identified in order to formulate principles or technologies
that can be applied to further enhance the proposed Binangonan Recreation Training and
Convention Complex. Furthermore, it is safe to assume that FORM alone cant answer
environmental and complex design problems.
Amplify the existing and idealize the new
The researcher formulated this belief in accordance with the projects characteristics. Amplify
the existing: the site has three (3) existing buildings which require renovation and reformation into
green ones; preservation and enhancement of existing natural features of the site and be able to
devise technologies which can solve the existing problem of universal environmental degradation.
Idealize the new: by solving the existing problems/concerns, we can develop a sustainable
complex; planned and executed by a local government unit, in order to take part in the
environments continuous revival.
2.2.2 Research Focus
2.2.2.1 IntroductionThe research focus is intended in order to make this thesis project unique. Inspired by the
Triple Bottom Line of McDonough, the Trio of Environmentally Sensitive Design (TESD) is the
culmination of different environmental principles used by architects and planners to produce green
or healthy buildings.
The three conceptual components are users, built environment/architecture and nature.
With these three elements, there are also three relationships involved: (1) nature-user, (2) nature-
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architecture and (3) architecture-user correlations. Figure 3 shows the graphical relationship of the
3 components.
1st relationship: Nature and Users
Filipinos and users in general have a role in protecting mother earth. The first one is
limiting the further destruction of nature. This can be done through the production of recycled
building materials, thus avoiding further destruction of the mineral resources/forests, the common
sources of construction materials. The next technique is to replenish the environment, through
planting of trees and for builders planning of buildings which can t destroy the natural features of
any site. The last one is to protect it. One way is to adopt the local governments solid waste
management and other environmental programs.
NATURE
ARCHITECTUREUSERS
1st RelationshipNATURE-USERS
2nd RelationshipNATURE-ARCHITECTURE
3rd RelationshipARCHITECTURE-USERS
Figure 3: The Triangular
Relationship
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2nd relationship: Nature and Architecture
Architects and planners are now using environmental building technologies and techniques
to produce a harmonious relationship between the built environment and Gods given environment.
3rd relationship: Architecture and Users
Architecture shall represent the community. The existing local building form should coexist
with new forms being developed or proposed in the area. With this approach, we can achieve
parallelism in design.
Finally, why environmentally sensitive and not purely sustainable design? That is because
it is hard to achieve a fully sustainable one. In a strict sense, according to the Matrix of
Sustainability (Salem, 1990), being sustainable means the material you have used in the building
came from recycled, renewable or indigenous materials; for the urban context, the project must
have zones for solar or wind access; the project favors nonpolluting transport; it must store and use
rainwater; recycles solid waste and many more. These considerations are complex enough to
include in just one project, especially a public facility like the BIRETRACC.
2.2.2.2 Passive Building Designi and Mechanical System Design via Three-Tier Approach Passive Building Design
A type of design that uses non-energized design features to make a building more
climate responsive and energy economical. It involves a variety of integrated strategies
such as climate conditions throughout the year, position of the sun at different times of the
day, prevailing wind direction and speed, seasonal humidity and average combined
temperature.
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o Type 1: Passive or Natural CoolingA technique that allows or augments the natural movement of cooler air
from exterior, shaded areas of a building through or around a building. One form of
passive cooling is the chimney effect or cross ventilation. In this process, the
heated air in top of the building is naturally drawn outside and replaced with cooler
air in the lower portion of the house.
o Type 2: Passive SolarIts a design approach that uses structural elements of a building to heat
and cool a building without the use of mechanical equipment. Please take note of
the last phrase without the use of mechanical equipment. The totality of passive
solar design doesnt require the use of active or mechanical tools to cool or heat
the building; and this specific condition varies with the use of the three-tier
approach. Tier 3 or the minimal use of mechanical equipment was considered by
the proponent in the Trinity of Basic Sustainable Design. However, daylighting a
component of passive solar will be utilized in the proposed design.
The five elements of Passive solar design are shown in Figure 4:
1. Aperture or collector is the large glass area through which sunlightenters the building.
2. Absorber is the dark surface of the storage element that absorbs thesolar heat.
3. Thermal mass is the material that stores the absorbed heat. This canbe masonry materials such as concrete, stone and brick or a water
tank.
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4. Distribution method is the natural tendency of heat to move fromwarmer materials to cooler ones (through conduction, convection and
radiation) until there is no longer a temperature difference between
the two. Examples are fans, ducts and blowers.
5. Control mechanism is use to regulate the amount of sunlight enteringthe collector. This can be as simple as roof overhangs.
Figure 4: Passive Solar Design
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Mechanical System Design via Three-Tier Approach3The three-tier approach (Figure 5) was developed by Prof. Norbert Lechner. This
method is for the design of heating, cooling and lighting systems of a building.
Tier 1 or basic building design, includes such considerations as building form,
orientation, interior and exterior colors, size and location of glazing areas, window shading
systems, envelope construction, massiveness of construction and many more. Proper
application of Tier 1 will greatly reduce the size of mechanical equipments. Tier 2 or
passive systems like heating, cooling and daylighting is the next step to consider. In the
Philippines, only passive cooling and daylighting can be applied to counter heat. Passive
cooling strategies include the use of wind for comfort ventilation or convective cooling and
the use of water for evaporative cooling. On the other hand, daylighting strategies bring
good quality daylight into the building to make it possible to turn off the electric lights
during most of the daytime hours.
3Pressman, Architectural Design Portable Handbook, Mechanical Systems, McGraw -Hill, 2001, pages 361 to 366
Figure 5: The Three-Tier Approach
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Using Tiers 1 and 2 is still not enough, which is why Tier 3 or the minimum use of
mechanical equipment is recommended. Figure 6 shows the usual cooling method in small
buildings. Cooling is the pumping of heat from a building into a natural heat sink (Lechner,
2001).
Figure 6: Split System Diagram
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2.2.2.3 Analytical Framework
Building-related energy consumptions
(Krups, 2006)
Energy needed to manufacture building
products.
Energy required erecting a building.
Energy needed to demolish the building
at the end of its useful life.
Energy needed to operate the building.
PROPOSED TRINITY OF BASIC SUSTAINABLEDESIGN CONCEPT
1st relationship: application of the localsolid waste management program.
2nd relationship: the use of environmentalbuilding technologies and techniques.
3
rd
relationship: formulation of a localstyle.
Passive Building Designo Passive Coolingo Passive Solar
HVAC Design via Three-Tier Approacho Tier 1: Basic Building Designo Tier 2: Passive Systemso Tier 3: Mechanical Equipment
INPUT
The Architect must include in the preliminary design
the consideration of planning for future needs. For
example, the projects future expansion or the
additional spaces needed and the possible closing of
some facilities.
To avoid
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2.2.3 Research Paradigm
Binangonan, Rizal The local government is
currently developing the
social and recreational
facilities of the town.
Binangonan has a good
economic standing. It
has enough resources tofund and provide
services to its
constituents.
The local government of Binangonan
wanted a facility that can:
Enhance the social andeconomic activities of the
town;
Boost the physical andintellectual attributes of thepeople;
Provide a secure and peacefulplace wherein the public can
socialize throughout the day;
and
Cater the training, recreational,convention and team building
needs of the locality.
Benefits of social and
recreational facilities:
Promotes wellness; Possible crime
prevention; and
Enhances selfconfidence.
Proposed Binangonan
Recreation Training and
Convention Complex
Existing universal problem: Forest
Degradation
A proposal provided by the municipal
governments Engineering Office and
MPDCO. The engineering aspect was
considered in the proposed design
while innovative architecture and
planning were neglected.
Review of related literatures and
studies
Visit to the municipal hall and
other government agencies
Site visitation and inspection
Modern and vernacular Filipinodesign.
Design of team buildingspaces, auditorium and sports
facilities.
Culture to building forminterpretation.
Municipal Government ofBinangonan
o MPDCOo Engineering Officeo Solid Waste
Management Office
Philippine Sports Commissiono RMSCo PhilSports Complex
What architectural principles and
solutions would promote sustainable
development in the proposed
BIRETRACC?
PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION
DATA GATHERING
Architectural/Engineering books
and related laws
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Trio of Environmentally Sensitive Design
BALANCE RELATIONSHIP
USERS ARCHITECTURE
NATURE
Identification of Design Principles,Strategies and Technologies
Production of minimal waste through theapplication of the local governments solid
waste management program.
Mechanical system design via three-tierapproach
Minimal use of air-conditioning system.Identify the facilities which only require this
type of ventilation.
Application of the passive building designconcept in the appropriate facilities of the
project.
Preservation of the sites existing naturalfeatures in accordance with the DENR AO
No. 2004-28 and the Binangonans SEPP;
provided that the required facilities are not
ignored.
An Environmentally Sensitive Binangonan Recreation
Training and Convention Complex
DATA ANALYSIS
Building Analysis and Design
Site Analysis and Design
Legal Considerations
Architectural Translation and Interpretation
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2.3 Hypothesis
A sustainable complex can be achieved through the application of the TESD concept. By
means of proper planning and design, the BIRETRACC facilities can be maintained easily; the
natural features of the site will be preserved; the project will not add more garbage loads to the
municipalitys controlled dumpsite while the different needs of the constituency can also be
achieved.
2.4
Definition of Terms
BIRETRACC- Binangonan Recreation Training and Convention Complex Passive building design- a design that uses non-energized design features to make
a building more environmental responsive and energy economical.
Passive or natural cooling- a passive solar energy technique that allows the naturalmovement of cooler air from exterior, shaded areas of a building through or around a
building.
Passive solar design- a design approach that uses structural elements of a buildingto heat and cool a building without the use of mechanical equipment.
Sustainable development- a holistic approach to design that considers impacts onhuman health or well-being and the natural environment at every stage of the building.
Trio of environmentally sensitive design- the triangulated relationship of users, builtenvironment and nature.
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