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THE BIOGRAPHY OF KHAJA MOINUDDIN CHI STI (R.A.)
Sultan-ul-Hind, Moinuddin Chishti ( (Persian ,Urdu: -it)Arabic- Shishti) was born in 1141 and died in 1236 CE. Alsoknown as Gharb Nawz"Benefactor of the Poor" ( ), he is themost famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent.
Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the
subcontinent. The initial spiritual chain or silsilaof the Chishti order in
India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid,
Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of theprevious one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history.
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Contents
Moinuddin Chisht is said to have been born in 536 A.H./1141 CE, in
Chishti in Sistan region of East Persia.[2]
He grew up in Persia. His
parents died when he was fifteen years old. He inherited a windmill andanorchard from his father. During his childhood, young Moinuddin was
different from other children and kept himself busy in prayers and
meditation.Legend has it that once when he was watering his plants, a
revered Sufi,Shaikh Ibrhim Qundz (orKunduzi) -- the name deriving
from his birthplace, Kunduz in Afghanistancame to his orchard.
Young Moinuddin approached him and offered him some fruits. In
return, Sheikh Ibrhm Qundz gave him a piece of bread and asked
him to eat it. TheKhwjagot enlightened and found himself in a strangeworld after eating the bread. After this he disposed of his property and
other belongings and distributed the money to the poor. He renounced
the world and left for Bukhara in search of knowledge and highereducation.
[3]
He became the Murid (disciple) ofUsman Harooni.
JOURNEYS
Moinuddin Chisht visited the seminaries of Samarkand and Bukhara
and acquired religious learning from the eminent scholars of his age. He
visited nearly all the great centres of Muslim culture, and acquainted
himself with almost every important trend in Muslim religious life in the
Middle Ages. He became a disciple of the Chisht saint 'Uthmn Hrn.
They travelled the Middle East extensively together, including visits to
Mecca andMedina.
Journey to India
Moinuddin Chisht turned towards India, reputedly after a dream in
which Prophet Muhammad blessed him to do so. After a brief stay in
Lahore,he reachedAjmer along withSultan Shahb-ud-Din Muhammad
Ghori, and settled down there.[4]
In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial
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following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the
city. Moinuddin Chisht practiced the Sufi Sulh-e-Kul (peace to all)
concept to promote understanding between Muslims and non-Muslims.
Establishing the Chisht order in India
The Chisht order was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) in
Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western
Afghanistan.[5]
Moinuddin Chishti established the order in India, in the
city of Ajmer in North India.
Moinuddin Chishti apparently never wrote down his teachings in the
form of a book, nor did his immediate disciples, but the central
principles that became characteristics of the Chisht order in India arebased on his teachings and practices. They lay stress on renunciation of
material goods; strict regime of self-discipline and personal prayer;
participation in Sam'as a legitimate means to spiritual transformation;
reliance on either cultivation or unsolicited offerings as a means of basic
subsistence; independence from the rulers and the state, including
rejection of money and land grants; generosity to others, particularly,
through sharing of food and wealth, and tolerance and respect for
religious differences.
He, in other words, interpreted religion in terms of human service and
exhorted his disciples "to develop river-like generosity, sun-like
affection and earth-like hospitality." The highest form of devotion,
according to him, was "to redress the misery of those in distress tofulfil the needs of the helpless and to feed the hungry."
It was during the reign of Emperor Akbar (15561605) that Ajmer
emerged as one of the most important centres of pilgrimage in India. TheMughal Emperor undertook an unceremonial journey on foot to
accomplish his wish to reach Ajmer. The Akbarnmah records that the
Emperor's interest first sparked when he heard some minstrels singing
songs about the virtues of the Wal (Friend of God) who lay asleep in
Ajmer.
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Moinuddin Chisht authored several books includingAns al-ArwandDall al-'rifn, both of which deal with the Islamic code of living.
Qubuddn Baktiyr Kk (d. 1235) and amduddn Nagor (d. 1276)
were Moinuddin Chisht's celebrated Khalfas or successors whocontinued to transmit the teachings of their master through their
disciples, leading to the widespread proliferation of the Chisht Order in
India.
Among Qubuddn Baktiyr's prominent disciples was Farduddn Ganj-i-Shakar (d. 1265), whose dargh is in Pakpattan, Pakistan. The
Fariduddin's most famous disciple was Nizmuddn Auliy' (d. 1325)
popularly referred to as Mahbb-e-Ilh (God's beloved), whose dargh
is located in South Delhi. Equally famous was his other disciple Ali
Ahmed Alauddin Sabir whose dargah is in Kalyar Sharif. The Sabiri
Silsila is spread far and wide in India and Pakistan and to this day
devotees and their descendants add the title of Sabri to their names
From Delhi, disciples branched out to establish darghs in several
regions of South Asia, from Sindh in the west toBengal in the east, and
theDeccan in the south. But from all the network of Chisht darghs the
Ajmer dargh took on the special distinction of being the 'mother' dargahof them all.
Main article:Dargah Sharif
The dargah (shrine) of Chisti, known as Dargah Sharif or Ajmer Sharif
is an international wakf (endowment), managed under the 'Dargah
Khwaja Saheb Act, 1955' of Government of India. The DargahCommittee, appointed by the Government, manages donations, takes
care of the maintenance of the shrine, and runs charitable institutions
like dispensaries, and guest houses for the devotees.[6]
The dargah,
which is visited by Muslim pilgrims as well as Hindus and Sikhsas a
symbol of intercommunal harmony.
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In popular culture[edit]
His poetry in praise of Imam Hussein ibn Ali is well known, specially
the following verse:
Shah Ast Hussein Badshah Ast Hussein
Ruler is Hussain, Emperor is Hussain
Deen Ast Hussein Deen Panah Ast Hussein
Faith is Hussain , guardian of faith is Hussain
Sar dad na daad dast dar dast e yazeed
Offered his head and not the hand to Yazid
Haqaaq e Binaa e Laa iLaha Ast Hussein
Indeed, Hussain is the foundation of La-ilah(the declaration that none
but ALLAH is Absolute and Almighty)
The song "Khwaja Mere Khwaja" from the Hindi film Jodhaa Akbarwas inspired by the life and deeds of Moinuddin Chishti.
Sufis of the Chishtorder
He had more than one thousand khalfas and hundreds of thousands of
disciples. Sufis of different orders became his disciples and took ijzah
from him. Among the famous Sufis who trace their lineage to him are:
Qubuddn Bakhtiyr Kk, Farduddn Mas'd,Nizmuddn Auliy',Hazrat Ahmed Alauddin Sabir Kalyari Amir Khusrau, Nasiruddin
Chiragh Dehlavi,Muhammad Hussain-i Gisdarz Bandanawz,Ashraf
Jahngr SimnnandA' Hussain Fn.
Ruknuddin Muhammad Farrukh Chishti (Present Sajjada Nashin)
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Today, hundreds of thousands of people Muslims, Hindus and others,
from the Indian sub-continent, and from other parts of the world
assemble at his tomb on the occasion of his'urs (death anniversary).
An outside view of the Maqbara
Spiritual lineage
1. 'Al ibn Ab lib2.Al-asan al-Bar3. 'Abdul Wid Bin Zaid Abul Fal4.Fuayll ibn 'IyBin Mas'd Bin Bishr al-Tamm5. Ibrhm bin Adham6.udhayfah al-Mar'ash7.Amnuddn Ab ubayrah al-Bar8.Mumshd Dnwar
Start of the Chisht Order
1. [Adul-Ishaq Shami Chisti Khadas-AllahSirrahu]2. [Aludi-Noori Khadas-AllahSirrahu]3. [Abi Ahmed KhadShe-Naafa Khadas-AllahSirrahu]4.Ab Ysuf bin Sam'n al-usayn5.Maudd Chisht6.Sharf Zandn7. 'Uthmn Hrn
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8. [ Muneeruddin Haji Shareef Zandani Khadas-AllahSirrahu]9. [Qutubuddin Yusuf Chisti Khadas-AllahSirrahu]10. Moinuddin Chishti
Others buried in the Maqbara enclosure
The famous Mughal generals Sheikh Mr and Shhnawz Khn were
buried in the enclosure of Moinuddin Chisht's Maqbara after they died
in the Battle of Deorai in 1659. Shhnawz Khn was the Emperor
Aurangzeb's father-in-law.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life
When Hazrat Khwaja Muinuddin was born (536AD) at Chishty inSistan, which is also known as Sajistan, East Persia. The peace of the
Muslim world was horribly disturbed. Sistan and its surrounding lands
were experiencing unprecedented bloodshed and plunder at the hands
of barbarous Tartars and other rebels. These intruders had taken
advantage of the weak government of Sultan Sanjar. The life and
honour of the people were in constant danger. The wild Tartars had
completely destroyed the follower of the Muslim nation. They
outraged humanity practically in all the centres of the 600-year oldMuslim civilisation and culture.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Migration To
Neshapur
Due to these intermittent political disturbances in sistan, khawaja
Ghiyasuddin Hasan, father of khawaja Muinuddin, one day decided to
pack up and leave Sistan for a safer place. He migrated with his
family to Neshapur the Capital city, which was one of the mostflourishing cities in those days. It was a great centre of intellectual and
economic activities and possessed the famous "Nizamia" university
with a precious library that contained a rare collection of Original
literature. There lived learned Ulama and reputed Sufis who imparted
knowledge in moral and spiritual enlightenment to scholars drawn
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from far and near. There lived physicians and artists of rare
qualifications. There were rich gardens and canals with flourishing
agricultural fields. One of the suburbs was called Rewand which was
famous for its grape orchards. It is recorded that khawaja Ghiyasuddin
Hasan bought an orchard with a windmill in this vicinity to settledown for a peaceful life.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > No Peace Of Mind
"Man proposes but God disposes" is an old saying. The peace in
search of which Khawaja Ghiyasuddin Hasan had migrated to
Neshapur was not to be had even in this great city. Here too the people
were hanging in a terrible suspense between life and death. The braveSultan Sanjar had been fighting the Tartars at the border to check
them for a long time without success. Due to his prolonged absence
from the capital, his administrative machinery was showing signs of
disintegration. Internally, the Fidayees of the 'Qarmti' and 'Baatini'
sects (one of whose members had already murdered the able Wazeer
Nizamul Mulk) had also come out of their hideouts and were roaming
about the country unabated, spreading wild fire of rebellion all round.
These armed hordes were busy in wholesale plunder and massacre of
the innocent people.
These awe-inspiring events had a very deep impression on the mind of
the young Khawaja Muinuddin who was watching the whole
barbarous drama objectively at his impressionable young age.
The 'Qarmti' and Baatani' intriguers had carried centuries old grudge
against the Hanafi Muslims who held both temporal and spiritual
powers in succession for more than 500 years after the death of the
Holy Prophet (May peace of God be on him). Although it was an age-
old grudge but. As Islamic history shows they utterly failed in all their
designs to destroy their rivals. Islam has survived many vicissitudes of
history and Quran has promised its survival up to the last Day-of-
Judgment.
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Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Defeat Of Sultan
In spite of all his best efforts to turn out the invaders from his country
and to control the internal rebels, Sultan Sanjar unfortunately could
not succeed. He was engulfed in mutual wars between himself and hisunfaithful brothers on the one hand, and the Fidayees and barbarous
Tartars on the other. It was indeed a terrible situation for him, yet they
fought the forces of evil to the bitter end though he was ultimately
defeated and had to run for his life.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > General Massacre
After the defeat of Sultan Sanjar, the invaders had a free hand toplunder every town in Khorasan. Flourishing fields were destroyed,
cities were razed to the ground, inhabitants, Ulama and Sufis were
mercilessly murdered honour of the woman was brutally outraged,
girls and boys were taken as salves mosques, hospitals and the historic
educational institutions were destroyed.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Destruction Of
Neshapur
When the news of this terrible destruction reached the defeated sultan,
he once more summed up his courage and collected his shattered army
to save his country. But Sultan Sanjar was born under most unlucky
stars and his luck once more betrayed him. He failed to check the
invaders and this time he was arrested. When this bad news reached
Neshapur, the capital was plunged into indescribable grief. It was now
at the mercy of the enemy. The invaders entered Khorasan and
destroyed the cities of Tus and Mashhed, reaching Neshapur like asweeping storm. Everything was destroyed leaving this once
flourishing city of Islamic culture and learning into a heap of rubbleand ruin.
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Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Death Of Khawaja's
Parents
Khawaja Muinuddin again saw all this ghastly drama at his early age.
But this was not all for him. Just at this time he lost his dear father(551 AD) and the worst part of it was that he had already lost his dear
mother too. The young orphan was now left all alone to take care of
himself in a world full of hate, murder and greed. Although by virtue
of legacy he had enough material resources to sustain himself in his
traditional standard of life but the sack of Neshapur coupled with the
death of his dear parents plunged him into deep thinking. At times he
was over whelmed with grief and saw a very vague picture of this
terrible world though he bore it out with courage and exemplaryforbearance. He was a hard working youth and looked after his
orchard, personally trimming and watering the plants with his own
hands.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Yet Another Shock
Hardly a year had passed after the death of Khawaja Muinuddin's
father, when the mischievous Tartars once more ransacked Khorasan
and repeated the same bloody drama of murder arson and loot. Thistime Sultan Mahmood, one of the brothers of Sultan Sanjar, came
forward to check the invaders but he too failed to rout them. Neshapur
was again the scene of the same ghastly tragedies. And once more
Khawaja Muinuddin was overwhelmingly dismayed to see these
scenes of terrible devastation. He often plunged himself into deeper
thoughts about these ugly events in order to try to come to some
definite conclusion about his own future course of life. The thought of
helping the helpless humanity against all such persistent pillagealways tormented his tender heart. Yet they could not come to any
definite conclusion
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life > Destined For A
Sacred Mission
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As helpless human beings, we can never understand the will of the
Almighty God. Should we surmise that by exhibiting these tragedies
perhaps God Almighty meant to show Khawaja Muinuddin the sins of
this wretched world in order to prepare him for a mighty divinemission of reform and peace for the mankind? As it will be seen later
on that Heavenly Father did mean this for which He enlightened the
mind of the young Khawaja quite unexpectedly. Whenever injustice,
oppression and greed reigned supreme in this world, God has always
been merciful to mankind by sending His saviours to fight the satanic
forces and put the people on the path of righteousness and mutual
love.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib's
Genealogy And Childhood
Hazrat Khawaja Muinuddin Chishty was one of the descendants of the
illustrious family of Hazrat Ali, the son-in-law and cousin of the Holy
Prophet Mohammed (May peace of God be on him). His father Syed
Ghiyasuddin Hasan was a very pious personality and a well to do and
influential gentleman. His mother, Syeda Bibi Ummul-wara alias Babi
Mah-e-Noor was the daughter of Syed Daud. While Khawaja
Muinuddin's paternal genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Husain,
the younger son of Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu, his maternal
genealogy is traced from Hazrat Imam Hasan, the elder son of Hazrat
Ali.
Childhood
According to historians, Khwaja Muinuddin Chishty even during his
childhood gave early promise of his rare piety and sacrifice for others.
Whenever any woman with a baby came to see his mother and if the
baby cried for feeding,"the infant saint of the future" used to make a
sign to his mother to feed the crying baby from her own breast. When
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his mother did this, the spectacle pleased the little Muinuddin very
much. At the age of 3 or 4 he used to share his own food with his
playmates.
Once he was going to Idgah for the Id prayers in rich clothes. On theway he saw a blind boy in rags. He pitied the boy so much that he at
once gave him some of his own clothes and led him to Idgah with all
due affection.
Gharibnawaz(R.A) >Birth And Early Life >Khawaja Sahib's
Genealogy
Paternal Genealogy
Khawaja Muinuddin Hasan Chishty, son of Khawaja Syed
Ghyasuddin Hasan, son of Syed Ahmed Muddin Tahir, son of Syed
Khawaja Abdul Aziz Husain, son of Syed Imam Mohammed Mehdi,
son of Syed Imam Hasan Askari, son of Imam Ali Naqi, son of Syed
Imam Mohammed Taqi, son of Imam Ali Musi Raza, son of Imam
Musi Kazim Raza, son of Imam Mohammed Jafar Sadiq, son of Imam
Mohammed Baqar, son of Hazrat Syed Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, son ofSyed-UL-Shohoda Syed Imam Husain, son of Amir-ul-Momineen
Hazrat Ali, son-in-law of the Holy Prophet Mohammed.
Maternal Genealogy
Syeda Bidi Mah-e-Noor, daughter of Syed Daud, son of Hazrat
Abdulla, son of Syed Zahid, son of Syed Mooris, son of Syed Daud I,
son of Syedna Moosa, son of Syedna Abdulla Mahaz, son of SyednaHasan Musa, son of Syedna Hazrat Imam Hasan, son of Syedna
Hazrat Ali Karam Allah Wajahu.
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