T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON ONE:
INTRODUCTION
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The Prophet:
[Musnad Ahmad]
Ahl a l -Quran
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Th e S t o r y One Book One Man A Statement
A Team A Divine Chain
An I n v i t a t i o n
tseuqeB snerdlihC ehT
:
.
5 8 9 2 h d i m r i T - l a
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THE COURSE: A comprehensive review of the rules of Tajweed according to the Reading of af based upon the text Tuhfah al-Afl by Sulaymn al-Jamzr.
INTRODUCTION
Practice
History
Theory The Formal Rules of Tajweed
Biographies of the Imms of Recitation
Iqr
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INTRODUCTION
Advanced Topic
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INTRODUCTION
PREREQUISITES
Ability to read Arabic script
Basic knowledge of Tajweed
WHAT YOU NEED FOR THIS CLASS
Writing material Mushaf (preferably Madinan edition) Voice Recorder (optional) POSITIVE ATTITUDE
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INTRODUCTION
Will improve your pronunciation and recitation of the Quran.
Will help you establish a relationship with Allahs Book
Will deepen your appreciation of the beauty and majesty of the Quran.
Will help you live a purpose-driven and organized life.
Will help you appreciate real reciters versus popular ones
Will help you understand Allahs Book.
Benefits of the Class
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
The Childrens Bequest
INTRODUCTION
Will improve your pronunciation and recitation of the Quran.
Will help you establish a relationship with Allahs Book
Will deepen your appreciation of the beauty and majesty of the Quran.
Will help you live a purpose-driven and organized life.
Will help you appreciate real reciters versus popular ones
Will help you understand Allahs Book.
Benefits of the Class
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INTRODUCTION
Onomatopoeia
The letters that make up words given an indication to their meaning
/
/
/ /
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INTRODUCTION
Surah Al-Masad (111)
The arms of Ab Lahab shall be broken, Himself he shall expire, By his own wealth and all his gains forsaken, Soon shall he burn inside a flaming Fire, With him his wife, the one with fire-wood laden, Around her neck, a rope of palm-leaf fiber.
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INTRODUCTION
Course Outline Lesson 1: Introduction/Terminology Lesson 2: Mistakes in Tajweed
Lesson 3: How to Begin
Lesson 4: Rules of Doubled Nun/Meem
Lesson 5: Rules of Nun Sakin/Tanwin
Lesson 6: The Rules of Meem Sakin
Lesson 7: The Rules of Lam
Lesson 8: The Makharij
Lesson 9: The Attributes
Lesson 10: The Rules of Ra
Lesson 11: Rules of Assimilation
Lesson 12: Rules of Madd
Lesson 13: RulesStopping/Symbols/Voice Hygeine
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INTRODUCTION
Terminology
Tarteel
Qirah
Tilwah
Tajweed
Surah al-Muzammil 4
Surah al-Nahl 98
Surah al-Anfal 2
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INTRODUCTION
Contemporary the precise methodology of reciting the Qurn, as it was transmitted from
the Prophet to subsequent generations, based upon a body of rules and principles developed by those well-versed in its recitation
Technical Reciting the Quran by granting each letter its due, including its intrinsic properties
and those features governed by its placement and relation to other letters
Linguistic
Beautify Embellish Adorn
Definition of Tajweed
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INTRODUCTION
Advanced Vernacular Advanced Topic
tseuqeB snerdlihC ehT
NOITCUDORTNI
ralucanreV decnavdA
cipoT decnavdA
tseuqeB snerdlihC ehT
NOITCUDORTNI
cipoT decnavdA
yadoT sgnidaeR tnairaV eht gninraeL
/
All
1 0
LESSON TWO:
MISTAKES IN TAJWEED
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INTRODUCTION
Mistakes in Tajweed
Mistakes
Major Addition, ommision,
changing of words,
elements, vowels
Forbidden
Minor Violations of madd
duration, ghunnah,
finer rules
Disliked
T h e C o m p a n i o n s a n d e a r l y M u s l i m s w e r e v e r y i n t o l e r a n t o f a l l t y p e s o f m i s t a k e s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e
Q u r n !
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INTRODUCTION
Types of Reciters
Reciters
Experts Noble Company
Those who make
mistakes
Excused Double Reward
Blameworthy
T a j w e e d i s t h e o n l y s c i e n c e w h e r e m i s t a k e s a r e r e w a r d e d !
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INTRODUCTION
Ruling on Tajweed
Types of
Tajweed
Knowledge
Theoretical Communal
Obligation
Practical Individual
Obligation
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON THREE:
HOW TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION
LESSON FOUR:
RULES OF NN/MEEM MUSHADDADAH
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The First Imm : Ibn mir al-Shm
(d 118H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. The Qurn commands us to recite it with tarteel. What
does that term mean?
2. Define the term Tajweed.
3. Who is the most influential Companion when it comes to the Qurn?
4. What are the 2 Types of Tajweed Knowledge?
5. What are the 2 Types of Tajweed Mistakes? What are Examples of Each?
LESSON THREE:
HOW TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION
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HOW TO BEGIN
HOW TO BEGIN YOUR RECITATION
The Rules Of Istiadhah and Basmala
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HOW TO BEGIN
Timing Before Recitation
Ruling Mustahabb
Form
Manner
Aloud Default
Silent In Salah or reciting alone
Al-Istiadhah
Surah al-Nahl 98
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HOW TO BEGIN
Al-Basmalah
Surah al-Fatiha 1
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HOW TO BEGIN
Reciting from the middle of
surah
With Basmalah
Without Basmalah
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HOW TO BEGIN
Reciting from the middle of a surah
W I T H O U T B A S M A L A H
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HOW TO BEGIN
Reciting from the middle of a surah
WAR N I N G S
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HOW TO BEGIN
Reciting from the middle of a surah
WAR N I N G S
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HOW TO BEGIN
Joining 2 Surahs
Why Only 3 Ways ?
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HOW TO BEGIN
Joining Surah Al-Anfal and Al-Tawbah Al-Tawbah is the only Surah that does not begin with the Basmalah.
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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Gue s s th e Rec i t or !
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LESSON FOUR:
RULES OF NN/MEEM
MUSHADDADAH
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Imm Als definition of Tarteel:
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Levels of Tajweed
1. Tajweed of Individual Letters
2. Tajweed of Letters in Combination
3. Knowledge of Stopping/Continuing
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The Rules of the Letter Nun and Meem
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Why do we begin with Nun and Meem?
Surah al-Nisa 93
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RULES OF THE DOUBLED NN & MEEM
And articulate ghunnah of the nn and meem that carries the double accent,
and refer to both as letters of ghunnah, as is obvious and apparent.
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DEFINITIONS
The Letter Nun and Meem
Ghunnah
RULES OF THE DOUBLED NN & MEEM
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RULES OF THE DOUBLED NN & MEEM
Definition Length of 2 Durations In Continuing and Stopping
Surah al-Baqarah 20
Surah al-Rahman 39
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON FIVE:
RULES OF NN AND NNNATION
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The Second Imm : Ibn Kathr al-Makk
(d 120H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. What is the ruling of Istidhah prior to recitation?
2. What is the only Surah that doesnt begin with Basmalah?
3. Is the Basmalah a part of the Qurn?
4. Define the term Ghunnah.
5. What is the duration of the doubled Nun or Meem?
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Sulay m n a l - Jamzr ( d 1 1 9 8H)
The most widely used resource for
Tajweed today The Author The Text
Canonical Meters of Arabic Poetry Each line = bayt Each half = shatr
THE TEXT
Advanced Topic
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Advanced Topic
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Advanced Topic
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Advanced Topic
tseuqeB snerdlihC ehT
TXET EHT
cipoT decnavdA
LESSON FIVE:
RULES OF NN AND NNNATION
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DEFINITIONS
The Letter Nun and Meem
Sakin Tanween
Ghunnah
RULES OF NN & NNNATION
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For the nn without vowels and the tanwn diction,
exist four basic rules, so take my depiction.
RULES OF NN & NNNATION
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Rules of Nn
Skin / Tanwn
IHR
IKHF
IDGHM
IQLB
RULES OF NN & NNNATION
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
The first of these, the rule of Ihr, is before the letters hence,
arising from the throat, six in number, in this known sequence:
Hamza and H, then Ayn and ,
without the marks, then Ghayn and Kh.
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
1. Definition
2. Its Letters: [Guttural Letters]
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
Levels of Ihr
Farthest Letters:
Middle Letters:
Closest Letters:
Advanced Topic
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 1.IHR (Manifestation)
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
The second is Idghm, with six it takes effect,
in yarmuloon, a mnemonic which they accept.
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
Definition
Its Letters:
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
*
*
*
But this is of two types, with the first being verbalized,
with the trait of ghunnah, and by yanmu recognized.
Except if this occurs within one word, then there is none,
no idghm in articulation, as in the words dunya and inwn.
The second type is Idghm without the ghunnah trait,
in lm and r, but the latter you must reverberate.
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
Types of Idghm:
1. With Ghunnah:
2. Without Ghunnah:
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES
Surah al-Nisa 123
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES
Surah 6:98
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES
Surah 24:45
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES
Surah 42:44
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES WITHOUT GHUNNAH
Surah Al-Baqarah 5
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
EXAMPLES WITHOUT GHUNNAH
Surah 24:37
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
E X C E P T I O N S : 1. No Idghm within one word. 4 Quranic Examples:
2. No Idghm in the following 2 verses: Surah Yasin: v1-2 Surah Nun: v1-2
The rule in the above examples is called Izhr Mutlaq.
Advanced Topic
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
Advanced Topic
Surah Yasin 1-2
Surah al-qalam 1
E X C E P T I O N S :
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 2.IDGHM (Merging)
Advanced Topic
Types of Assimilation
Complete
Incomplete
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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The Third Imm : Ab Amr al-Bar
(d 154H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. List the letters of
Izhr.
2. List the letters of Idghm.
3. What are the 2 types of Idghm?
4. Does Idghm always result in doubling of a letter (shaddah)?
5. List 2 exceptions to the rule of Idghm.
LESSON FIVE:
RULES OF NN AND NNNATION
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 3. IQLB (Conversion)
The third rule is Iqlb which occurs with the letter b,
which is converted to meem and pronounced with Ikhf.
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 3. IQLB (Conversion)
Definition
Letter: 3 Steps: 1. Nn converted to meem 2. Suppress meem (Ikhf) 3. Ghunnah
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 3. IQLB (Conversion)
EXAMPLES
Surah al-Maidah 39
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
The fourth is Ikhf for the respected student,
with specified letters mandatory for the
student.
In fifteen letters it takes effect,
within this prose that I erect:
Relate of the praiseworthy one, how excellent is
he who achieves status robust;
Be ever perpetual in virtue, cultivate piety,
and fend off the one who is unjust.
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
Definition
15 Letters:
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
B R E A K D O W N :
1) The articulation of nn like a separate letter
2) between full manifestation and full assimilation
3) without emphasis (shaddah) 4) with ghunnah (and 2 durations) 5) and association with the subsequent
letter (in characteristics)
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
EXAMPLES
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
EXAMPLES
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION 4. IKHF (Suppresion)
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Gue s s th e Rec i t or !
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RULES OF NN & NNNATION
THE 4 RULES: SUMMARY AND CASE STUDY Muslim Immigrant Mahmood
The Nun: Muslim Identity The Subsequent Letter: US Society
4 Scenarios
Suppression
Assimilation
Conversion
Manifestation
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON SIX:
RULES OF UNVOWELLED MEEM
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The Fourth Imm : Nfi al-Madan
(d 169H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. List the four rules of Nun Sakin and their
associated letters.
2. What is the reason for the iqlab rule.
3. Explain the concept of Ihkfa. What are you doing in this rule?
4. List the 3 things you must do with the Iqlb rule.
5. True or False. The Ikhfa is always associated with its subsequent letter.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
When stopping on meem before the letters of the alphabet,
but not before the alif layyinah, for he who is intelligent
are three rules for he who would endear them to memory,
and they are the rules of Ikhf, Idghm and Ihr only.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
Rules of Meem Skin
IHR
IKHF IDGHM
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN
Rules of Meem Skin
IHR
SHAFAWY
IKHF
SHAFAWY
IDGHM
MITHLAYN AGHR
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 1. IKHF SHAFAWY
The first is Ikhf with the letter b,
And termed by the reciters as Labial Ikhf.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 1. IKHF SHAFAWY
The Letter: The Meem pronounced with Ghunnah and Ikhf Only occurs between 2 words
Functionally identical to Iqlb
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 1. IKHF SHAFAWY
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
The Childrens Bequest
Gue s s th e Rec i t or !
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IDGHM
The second is Idghm when its likeness appears,
and name it the Smaller Idghm my dears.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IDGHM
Idghm Mithlayn aghr
The Letter: The Meem is doubled (pronounced with Ghunnah) Only occurs between 2 words Functionally identical to Meem Mushaddah
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IDGHM
IDGHM due to assimilation of 2 meems
MITHLAYN due to 2 identical letters
AGHR due to 1st Meem unvowelled, 2nd vowelled
Advanced Topic
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IDGHM
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IHR SHAFAWY
The third is Ihr which occurs with the balance
of the letters, and termed Labial Ihr in our parlance.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IHR SHAFAWY
The Remaining 26 Letter The Meem is pronounced normally
Can occur within a word or between 2 words
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN 2. IHR SHAFAWY
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN WARNING
And be wary of making Ikhf with ww and f when you read,
due to the closeness and unity of its makhraj, so
take heed.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF MEEM SAKIN WARNING
Al-Fatiha 7
Al-Baqarah 17
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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LESSON SEVEN:
THE RULES OF LM
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The Fifth Imm : im al-Kf
(d 127H)
SPOTLIGHT
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LESSON SEVEN:
THE RULES OF LM
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The lm of the definite article exists in two states before the letters,
the first is its manifest articulation, and should be understood better,
Occurring before fourteen letters, so learn them well,
from this mnemonic: Seek your goal and vain pursuits repel.
The second is its assimilation, which in fourteen does exist,
and likewise, facilitate your recollection of them from this:
Be meritorious, maintain relations for success, and host those who are beneficent;
Shun ill estimations of others, and frequent the noble ones for munificence.
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM
TYPES:
1. Lm of the Definite Article ( ) 2. Lm of the Verb
3. Lm of Commands 4. Lm of the Noun 5. Lm of Particles ( )
Advanced Topic
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Lm of the Definite Article
Definition
a book the book
2 Rules: Manifestation and Assimilation
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM
The Lm of al-
The Moon Letters: Ihr
The Sun Letters: Idghm
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Lm of the Definite Article
Al-Fatiha 2-3
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Other Types of Lm
Default: Ihr
If followed by the letter Lm or R: Idghm
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Other Types of LmLm of the Verb
Izhr Idghm [ followed by or ]
[al-Kahf 18: 72]
[al-Kahf 18: 75]
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Other Types of LmLm of Commands
Izhr Idghm [ followed by or ]
Say, He Allah is one. [al-Ikhlas ]
O my Lord, increase me in knowledge. [Taha 20: 114]
Say: The Guidance of Allah, that is the
(only) Guidance. [al-Baqarah 2: 120]
Say: "If the ocean were ink (wherewith to write out) the words of my Lord. Sooner would the ocean be exhausted than would the words of my Lord, even if we added another ocean like it, for its aid." [Kahf 18:109]
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM Other Types of LmLm of the Particle
Izhr Idghm [ followed by or ]
Nay, We hurl the Truth against falsehood, and it knocks out its brain, and behold, falsehood doth perish!
Ah! woe be to you for the (false) things ye ascribe (to Us). [al-Anbiy 21:18]
Nay, Allah raised him (Jesus) up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise. [al-Nis 4: 158]
Nay, they deny the Hour (of the Judgment to come): but We have prepared a Blazing Fire for such as deny
the Hour. [al-Furqan 25: 11]
Nay, Allah's curse is on them (Israelites) for their blasphemy: little is it they believe. [al-Baqarah 2: 88]
Is there any reward for good other than good? [al-
Rahmn 55: 60]
And say (O Ms) to him (Pharoah): Would you
purify yourself (from the sin of disbelief by becoming a believer)? [al-Nzit 79:18]
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Gue s s th e Rec i t e r !
The Childrens Bequest RULES OF LM The Grand Word (Laf Jallah)
If preceded by fatha or dhamma: Heavy
If preceded by kasrah: Light
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON EIGHT:
THE MAKHRIJ
(POINTS OF ARTICULATION)
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The Sixth Imm : amzah al-Kf
(d 156H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. Which of the 4 rules of Nun Sakin does not apply to Meem Sakin?
Why?
2. What rule of Nun Sakin is the Ikhfa Shafawy (of Meem Sakin) identical to?
3. Explain the concept of Ihkfa. What are you doing in this rule?
4. Which two letters always lead to assimilation with Lam Sakin?
5. The lam of the Grand Word is heavy when it is preceded by which 2 vowels?
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Singular: Makhraj
Plural: Makhrij
Definition: The Point of Articulation of each letter
Total Number: 17 in 5 Locations
Technique: Make the letter unvowelled and precede it with a vowelled hamzah
MAKHRIJ
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MAKHRIJ
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MAKHRIJ
The Childrens Bequest ONE: ORAL CAVITY (AL-JAWF)
Not a real makhraj, approximated
Makhraj of the Madd Letters
Madd Letters:
Unvowelled Alif preceded by fatha Unvowelled Y preceded by kasrah Unvowelled Waw preceded by dhamma
Mnemonic:
MAKHRIJ
The Childrens Bequest ONE: ORAL CAVITY (AL-JAWF)
MAKHRIJ
MADD LN
Unvowelled Ww preceded by Fata Unvowelled Y preceded by Fata
The Childrens Bequest TWO: THROAT (AL-ALQ)
Six Guttural Letters
3 Levels:
The Farthest Portion
The Middle of the Throat
The Closest Portion
MAKHRIJ
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
The Childrens Bequest THREE: THE TONGUE (AL-LISN)
Posterior:
Middle:
Edge:
Tip:
MAKHRIJ
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Gue s s th e Rec i t or !
The Childrens Bequest FOUR: THE LIPS (AL-SHAFATAYN)
Bottom lip with upper teeth (incisors):
Between the lips:
MAKHRIJ
The Childrens Bequest FIVE: NASAL CAVITY (AL-KHAYSHUM)
Ghunnah
MAKHRIJ
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON SIX:
THE IFT (ATTRIBUTES)
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The Seventh Imm : al-Kis (d 189H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. What is the technique to illustrate
the makhraj?
2. Approximately how many makharij are there?
3. Which makhraj (location) has the most letters associated with it?
4. What is the difference between ma and ba?
5. What is the makhraj of ghunnah?
LESSON SIX:
THE IFT (ATTRIBUTES)
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Attributes
Basic
Paired
Unpaired
Conditional
e.g. Idghm, Ikhf, etc.
OVERVIEW OF THE ATTRIBUTES
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
1. Whispered or Loud
2. Forceful or Soft or Moderate
3. Elevated or Depressed
5. Flowing or Sharp
4. Closed or Open
There are a total of 11 paired attributes
arranged within 5 pairs that
necessarily affect each letter.
Every Letter is either:
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
Pair 1:
Examples
Attribute
Quality Exhalation of Breath
Whisper
Loudness
The Rest
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
Pair 2:
Examples
Attribute
Quality Flow of Sound
Forceful
Moderate
Soft
The Rest
The Childrens Bequest EXERCISE: List the letters that are
both Loud [Jahr] and Forceful [Shiddah].
1. Forceful: 2. Both:
Understanding Qalqalah:
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
Pair 3:
Examples
Attribute
Quality Heavy/elevated articulation
Elevated
Depressed
The Rest
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
Pair 4:
Examples
Attribute
Quality Adhesion of tongue against palate
Closed
Open
The Rest
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THE ESSENTIAL PAIRED ATTRIBUTES
Pair 5:
Examples
Attribute
Quality Smooth, flowing articulation
Flowing
Sharp
The Rest
Advanced Topic Linguistics Rule: Any Arabic word of more than 3 letters must contain a Flowing letter!
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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THE UNPAIRED ATTRIBUTES
The hissing Sound of Whistle
The echo when stopping on: Echo The soft aw and ay madd sounds Lenience The slight bending of the tongue tip
towards the roof of the mouth in: Drifting
The vibrating, trilling quality of Repetition
The expansive sound of Spreading
The expansive, elongated quality of Lengthening
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Gue s s th e Rec i t e r !
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HEAVY versus LIGHT
Separating the novice from the expert
Advanced Topic
Always Heavy
7 Letters:
Variable
The Madd
Alif
Always Light
The Rest
Note the configuration of the mouth
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HEAVY versus LIGHT
Separating the novice from the expert
Advanced Topic
By the 5
Heavy Letters:
Heaviest to least:
By the States
of the Letters:
Vowelled by fata and followed by
alif Vowelled by fata
Vowelled by
dhammah Unvowelled Vowelled with
kasrah
By Vowels:
Strongest: fatah Strong: dhamma Weakest: kasrah
Scales of Heaviness
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HEAVY versus LIGHT
Separating the novice from the expert
Advanced Topic
Attributes Summarized by Strength
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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The Eighth Imm : Abu Jafar al-
Madan (d 130H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. What are the 2 types
of basic attributes?
2. How many total paired attributes are there?
3. How many total unpaired attributes?
4. What are conditional attributes?
5. What are the 7 heavy letters?
LESSON TEN:
THE RULES OF THE LETTER R
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THE RULES OF R
A Peak at the Rules of R:
Basic Premise: Fata/dhamma heavy vowels
Kasrah light vowel
Basic Principles: 1. Look to the vowel of the r
2. If unvowelled, look to preceding vowel
3. If unvowelled, look to preceding, etc.
4. Pay attention to heavy letters, conditional vowels
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Relax and Take a Deep Breath.
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Note that this sukn is due to
stopping on the word
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
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THE RULES OF R
The R is heavy in 5 cases and light in 4 cases.
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Only 5 such examples in the Qurn:
/
/
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THE RULES OF R
E X C E P T I O N S
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Advanced Topic
There are a limited number of Qurnic words which are exceptions to these rules
In their case the r may be pronounced heavy or light
These are subject to the rules of Riwyah
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THE RULES OF R
E X C E P T I O N S
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Advanced Topic
Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter vowelled
with kasrah:
Only one such example in the Qurn: al-
Shuar 63
The r may be pronounced heavy (due to the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced light due to that heavy letter being vowelled with kasrah, which is a light vowel that lessens its heaviness
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THE RULES OF R
E X C E P T I O N S
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Advanced Topic
Al-Qamar 54:16
The r may be pronounced heavy (due to the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced light due to a fine grammatical point:
The original word was The y was dropped in writing
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THE RULES OF R
E X C E P T I O N S
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Advanced Topic
/ The r may be pronounced heavy (due to the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced light due to a fine grammatical point:
The original word was / The y was dropped in writing
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THE RULES OF R
E X C E P T I O N S
1. Vowelled with fata or dhamma
2. Unvowelled and preceded by fata or dhamma
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by fata or dhamma
4. Unvowelled and preceded by conditional kasrah of hamzah al-wal
5. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah but followed by heavy letter
HEAVY
1. Vowelled with kasrah
2. Unvowelled and preceded by kasrah, with no heavy letter following
3. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) and preceded by kasrah
4. Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled y
LIGHT
Advanced Topic
Unvowelled and preceded by unvowelled (other than y) heavy
letter and preceded by kasrah
/ Only two such words in the Qurn: al-Saba 34:12, Ysuf 12:21/99, and al-Zukhruf 43:51
The r may be pronounced light (due to the preceding rules)
But it may also be pronounced heavy due to it being preceded by a heavy letter
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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The Ninth Imm : Yaqb al-Bar
(d 205H)
SPOTLIGHT
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QUIZ
1. Whic are heavy vowels, and which are
the light vowels?
2. List one other heavy influence on the ra, other than the vowels.
3. Is the ra in the word Quran heavy or light?
4. Heavy or light? Unvowelled ra preceded by kasrah.
Is this always so?
5. Heavy or light? Unvowelled ra, preceded by unvowelled ya, preceded by fatha.
LESSON ELEVEN:
THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
Basic Issue: When are two adjacent letters assimilated into each other?
Basic Rule: 1. The default articulation of every letter is ihr (overt pronunciation) 2. Sometimes the letters are assimilated based upon their similarities and their vowel states
Basic Principles: There are four basic types of adjacent letter pairs:
1. Mithlayn 2 Identical Letters (same makhraj + attributes) 2. Mutaqribayn 2 Close Letters (similar makhraj + attributes) 3. Mutajnisayn 2 Similar Letters (same makhraj, different attributes) 4. Mutabidayn 2 Distant Letters (very different makraj + attributes)
There are four basic vowel configurations for adjacent letters: 1. Unvowelled/vowelled aghr: often results in assimilation 2. Both vowelled Kabr: rarely results in assimilation 3. Both unvowelled Muqayyad: no assimilation 4. Vowelled/unvowelled Mulaq: no assimilation
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
Basic Examples:
Mithlayn Letters: Mutaqribayn Letters: Mutajnisayn Letters: Mutabidayn Letters:
Four basic vowel configurations for adjacent letters: 1. Unvowelled/vowelled aghr:
2. Both vowelled Kabr:
3. Both unvowelled Muqayyad:
4. Vowelled/unvowelled Mulaq:
Note that these last 2 categories never result in assimilation and will not be
discussed further, leaving only aghr and Kabr.
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
AGHR
When 2 identical letters appear adjacently, with the first unvowelled and the second vowelled, they are always
assimilated
This is known as Idghm Mithlayn aghr
This can occur within one word or between 2 words
Examples:
KABR
When 2 identical letters appear adjacently that are both vowelled, their default articulation is ihr in nearly all
cases: Only a few limited exceptions
exist, where these letters are assimilated (Idghm Mithlayn Kabr) **details next slide **
1. MITHLAYN (IDENTICAL) LETTERS
1 . M I T H L A Y N
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
Idghm Mithlayn Kabr Examples
Original word The nn is pronounced with ishmm or ikhtils as a remnant of the first nn
Ishmm = circling of the lips
Ikhtils = 2/3 of a arakah
Surah Yusuf 12:11
1 . M I T H L A Y N
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Gue s s th e Rec i t e r !
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
Idghm Mithlayn Kabr Other Examples
The word Original word [18:95] The word Original word [6:80] The word Original word [39:64] The word Original word [2:271/4:58]
1 . M I T H L A Y N
Advanced Topic
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
Similar makhraj & attributes
Similar attributes but not makhraj
Similar makhraj but not attributes
Same attributes, similar makhraj
Same attributes, different makhraj
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
MUTAQARIBAYN (CLOSE) LETTERS
2 . M U T A Q R I B A Y N
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
AGHR
Assimilation mandatory in 4 specific cases [next slide]
This is known as Idghm Mutaqribayn aghr
KABR
Never assimilated
2. MUTAQARIBAYN (CLOSE) LETTERS
2 . M U T A Q R I B A Y N
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
2 . M U T A Q R I B A Y N
Idghm Mutaqribayn aghr 4 Cases
Single Qurnic example 77:20
Nn
Skin/Tanwn followed by [ ]
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
AGHR
General rule is ihr
Assimilation mandatory in only 5 cases and optional in 2 cases
[next slide]
This is known as Idghm Mutajnisayn aghr
KABR
Never assimilated
3. MUTAJANISAYN (SIMILAR) LETTERS
3 . M U T A J N I S A Y N
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
3 . M U T A J N I S A Y N
Idghm Mutajnisayn aghr 5 Mandatory Cases 1. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
2. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
3. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
4. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ] occurs in 2 verses
5. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ] Incomplete Idghm
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
3 . M U T A J N I S A Y N
Idghm Mutajnisayn aghr 2 Optional Cases 1. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
2. Unvowelled [ ] followed by vowelled [ ]
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
AGHR
Never assimilation
KABR
Never assimilated
4. MUTABAIDAYN (DISTANT) LETTERS
4 . M U T A B I D A Y N
These are the majority of letter combinations
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THE RULES OF ASSIMILATION
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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The Tenth Imm: Khalaf al-Baghdd
(d 229H)
SPOTLIGHT
LESSON TWELVE:
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
Part 1: The Basic Madd
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
Basic Issue: When are some vowels and sounds elongated to longer durations, and exactly how long?
Only Tajweed term found in the Sunnah
Linguistically: To elongate/lengthen/prolong
Technical Definition: Elongation of the vowel sounds of the three madd letters
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
A Peak at the Rules of Madd
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
Types of Madd
Basic
Derived
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E B A S I C M A D D
All the madd rules are built upon the 3 basic madd letters:
Unvowelled Alif preceded by Fata Unvowelled Y preceded by Kasrah Unvowelled Ww preceded by Dhamma
Mnemonic: Its duration: 2 arakas [referred to as ]
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E B A S I C M A D D
Even small mistakes in Basic Madd changes meanings !!
I Verily we that
we took the women took
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E B A S I C M A D D
The Basic Madd is the most common type of madd, with examples in every Qurnic verse !!
How many examples can you find in the following verse?
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The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E B A S I C M A D D
There are 4 additional types of madd that follow the pattern of the Basic Madd:
1. MADD LN Unvowelled Ww
preceded by Fata Unvowelled Y preceded
by Fata Its duration: 2- arakas
[] 2. 5 DISJOINTED
LETTERS [ ] , ,
, ,
3. SUBSTITUTE MADD [ ]
Stopping on tanwn fata is articulated as a Basic Madd Alif
/ / / Exception words
ending with are pronouned with unvowelled h on stopping
4. LESSER CONNECTING MADD [ ]
The attached 3rd person masculine pronoun [ / ] plus the word [ ] also follows the basic madd when
it is vowelled and between 2 vowelled letters
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E B A S I C M A D D
EXCEPTIONS TO THE LESSER CONNECTING MADD [ ] There are 5 exceptions to this rule according to the af reading
Al-Zumar 39:7
Al-Furqan 25:69
They said: "Keep him and his brother and send to the cities men to collect. Al-Araf 7:111
Al-Shuaraa 26:36
Al-Naml 27:28
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Gue s s th e Rec i t e r !
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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Imm al-Shib (d 590H)
SPOTLIGHT
LESSON TWELVE:
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
Part 2: The Derived Madd
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
A Peak at the Rules of Madd
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THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
Sometimes the basic madd is prolonged beyond 2 durations due to certain elements (known as causes, sabab/asbb, for madd)
There are 2 causes of madd
Causes of Madd
Hamzah
Sukn
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
The Derived Madd
Hamzah
After
Different word
2,4,5
Same word
4,5
Before
2
Sukn (following madd letter)
Actual
6 arakahs
In a word
Shaddah Heavy
Sukn Light
In a letter
Shaddah Heavy
Sukn Light
Presented (due to stop)
2, 4, 6
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF ELONGATION
T H E D E R I V E D M A D D
The Derived Madd
Hamzah
After
Different word
2,4,5
Same word
4,5
Before
2
Sukn (following madd letter)
Actual
6 arakahs
In a word
Shaddah Heavy
Sukn Light
In a letter
Shaddah Heavy
Sukn Light
Presented (due to stop)
2, 4, 6
LESSON THIRTEEN
THE FINAL SESSION:
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS 1. The Imlah Vowel 2. Rules of Stopping 3. Symbols of Mushaf
4. Voice Hygiene 5. What Next?
The Childrens Bequest
The Childrens Bequest
THE IMLAH VOWEL
FAT
IMLAH
Y
Advanced Topic
The Childrens Bequest
THE IMLAH VOWEL
Advanced Topic
FAT
Y
IMLAH
The Childrens Bequest
THE IMLAH VOWEL
Advanced Topic
Only one place of Imalah in the reading of Hafs: Hud 11:41
The Childrens Bequest
THE IMLAH VOWEL
Advanced Topic
FAT
Y
IMLAH
TAFKHM TARQQ
TAQLL
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
LESSON THIRTEEN
THE FINAL SESSION:
MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS 1. The Imlah Vowel 2. Rules of Stopping 3. Symbols of Mushaf
4. Voice Hygiene 5. What Next?
The Childrens Bequest
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
The Importance of the Topic The Foundational Principle
** Stop on Each Verse ** Umm Salamah:
:{ { { {
When the Prophet used to recite, he would pause on each verse. [Amad, al-Tirmidh, Ab Dwd, al-kim, authenticated by Ibn ajar, Amad Shkir, al-Albn]
Types of Stopping: 1. The Forced Stop [ ]
Restart at the word itself or prior to it at appropriate place
2. The Tested Stop [ ] 3. The Waiting Stop [ ] 4. The Elective Stop [ ]
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 1. The Perfect Stop [ ]
Stopping on a word, usually at the end of a verse, which completes the meaning of the verse or passage and is not in any way connected to what follows it.
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 1. The Perfect Stop [ ]
Stopping on a word, usually at the end of a verse, which completes the meaning of the verse or passage and is not in any way connected to what follows it.
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 1. The Perfect Stop [ ]
Stopping on a word, usually at the end of a verse, which completes the meaning of the verse or passage and is not in any way connected to what follows it.
2. The Sufficient Stop [ ] Stopping on a word, either at the end of a verse or within it, which
completes the meaning of the verse or passage but is still contextually connected to what follows it.
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 1. The Perfect Stop [ ]
Stopping on a word, usually at the end of a verse, which completes the meaning of the verse or passage and is not in any way connected to what follows it.
2. The Sufficient Stop [ ] Stopping on a word, either at the end of a verse or within it, which
completes the meaning of the verse or passage but is still contextually connected to what follows it.
3. The Good Stop [ ] Stopping on a word, either at the end of a verse or within it, which
completes the meaning of the verse or passage but is still connected to what follows it both contextually and grammatically.
May stop on it but not begin at that point, unless it is the end of a verse.
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 1. The Perfect Stop [ ]
Stopping on a word, usually at the end of a verse, which completes the meaning of the verse or passage and is not in any way connected to what follows it.
2. The Sufficient Stop [ ] Stopping on a word, either at the end of a verse or within it, which
completes the meaning of the verse or passage but is still contextually connected to what follows it.
3. The Good Stop [ ] Stopping on a word, either at the end of a verse or within it, which
completes the meaning of the verse or passage but is still connected to what follows it both contextually and grammatically.
May stop on it but not begin at that point, unless it is the end of a verse.
4. The Reprehensible Stop [ ] Stopping on any word that corrupts the meaning of the text
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Types of Elective Stopping: 4. The Reprehensible Stop [ ]
Al-Nisaa 4:43
Al-Baqarah 2:22
Al-Fatiha 1:1
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Symbols for Stopping
1. [ ]: Mandatory stopping
2. [ ]: Stopping prohibited
3. [ ]: Stopping allowed but joining preferred
4. [ ]: Stopping preferred but joining allowed
5. [ ]: Stopping or joining equally preferred
6. [ ]: May stop on either of the two, but not both
Ya sin 36:76
Mumtahina 60:1
Al-baqarah 2:271
Al-baqarah 2:2
Al-maidah 5:26
The Childrens Bequest
THE RULES OF STOPPING
Ways of Stopping
1.
2.
3.
Advanced Topic
The Childrens Bequest
The Ra sh i d Ham i d
Cha i / Sha i Break
The Childrens Bequest
VOICE MAINTENENCE
V O I C E H Y G E I N E
The Childrens Bequest
VOICE MAINTENENCE
V O I C E H Y G E I N E
The Childrens Bequest
VOICE MAINTENENCE
8 S T E P S T O V O I C E
H Y G E I N E 1. Adequate Rest
2. Exercise to Keep You Fresh/Energetic
3. Adequate Hydration/Prevent Dryness Humidifiers/Plants/Water 8 glasses per day
Avoid decongestants/antihistamines/caffeine
4. Avoid Mucogenic Foods Milk/Dairy
Greasy Foods
5. Take Care of Your Sinuses
6. Avoid Lethargy-Inducing Foods Red Meat/Animal Proteins
Heavy Meals
The Childrens Bequest
VOICE MAINTENENCE
8 S T E P S T O V O I C E
H Y G E I N E 7. Prevent Vocal Abuse
Shouting, Loud Speech
Excessive Clearing of Throat
Avoid Temperature Extremes
Adopt silence as a rule
8. Pay Attention to Medical Conditions GERD
Asthma
Allergic Rhinitis/Sinusitis
Common Colds
The Childrens Bequest
VOICE MAINTENENCE
POWER U P YOUR
R E C I T A T I O N ! 1. Focus on Tajweed precision
rather than sounding Good
2. Use the Power of Breathing
3. Use the Power of Ghunnah
4. Use Silence/Pauses
5. Vary the Tempo/Volume/Pitch
The Childrens Bequest
Gue s s th e Muadhdh i n !
The Childrens Bequest
Introducing . . . Quran Literacy Institute
Vision: Ahl al-Qurn History Class structure
1. Formal class 2. Iqraa program
Tajweed halaqah Annual plan: 3-4 classes/year What makes us different? Future prospects
The Childrens Bequest Quran Literacy Institute
certificates
C e r t i f i c a t e o f C o m p l e t i o n
C e r t i f i c a t e o f C o m p l e t i o n w i t h
P e r f e c t A t t e n d a n c e
C e r t i f i c a t e o f t a j w e e d P r o f i c i e n c y
I j a z a h i n T u h f a t a l - A t f a l
I j a z a h i n Q u r a n
The Childrens Bequest Quran Literacy Institute
What Makes Us Different?
Childrens Bequest
Actual
Focused
Free
Textbook Sisters
3-Dimensio
nal Approac
h
Certification
The Childrens Bequest
Congratulations! What NEXT ? The Advice to Sufyaan ibn Abdillah:
I ST IQAMAH
[Ibn Hibban, authenticated by al-Mundhiri,
Ahmad Shakir, Albani and Arnaut]
The Childrens Bequest
T h e A r t o f T a j w e e d
13 Lessons to Tajweed Comprehension Dr Abu Zayd Quran Literacy Institute
An I s l am i c L e arn i n g Foundat i o n A f f i l i a t e
2011
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