Thailand, May 2009
Mekong Energy and Ecology Mekong Energy and Ecology NetworkNetwork
The First Mekong Energy and Ecology Training
1. Status of Electricity Sector2. Fuel Sources for Electricity
Generation3. Status of Renewable Energy4. Procedure for Making PDP5. Power Sector Issues
2
3
Energy Sector in Vietnam
G overnm ental Offi ce M inistry of P lanning and I nvestm ent
M inistry of Finance M inistry of Natural Resource and Environm ent
M inistry of Science and Technology M inistry of Agriculture and Rural Developm ent
M inistry of Transportation
D epartm ent of Energy D epartm ent of Science and T echnology
D epartm ent of T echnica l Safety Electricity Authority Regulartory of Vietnam
Pow er P lants
NPT
Pow er Com panies
Electric ity of V ietnam
ExplorationCom panies
O il Product I m porters
R efinery
Gas processing
Pow er P lants
Petro V ietnam
M ining Com panies
Coal Exporters
Pow er P lants
Vinacom in Petrolim ex andother oil p roduct im porters
I PP s
M inistry of I ndustry and Trade
G overnm en t of Vietnam
GDP had increased at 7.75%, while electricity production and consumption at 14.25 and 14.67% annually
4
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Thou
sand
bill
ion
VN
D
GW
h
Year
Electricity Production Electricity Consumption GDP
Total installed capacity is more than 13,000 MW with hydropower, coal, gas, oil and import
IPP generating capacity includes coal, gas, hydro and renewable power
5
Hydro33%
Coal fired11%
Oil fired2%
Gas fired24%
Diesel + Small hydro3%
IPP23%
Import4%
6
-
10,000.0
20,000.0
30,000.0
40,000.0
50,000.0
60,000.0
70,000.0
80,000.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
GW
h
IPP + Import
Diesel + Small hydro
Gas fired
Oil fired
Coal fired
Hydro
Peak demand had increased at 12.7% annually while capacity at 11.8% In 2007, peak demand was 11,286 MW
7
-
2,000.0
4,000.0
6,000.0
8,000.0
10,000.0
12,000.0
14,000.0
16,000.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
GW
h
Installed capacity
Peak demand
Total electricity consumption in 2007 was 58,414 GWh Industrial and residential shares accounts for 90% of total
consumption8
295338
382435
478540
610
695
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
-
10,000.0
20,000.0
30,000.0
40,000.0
50,000.0
60,000.0
70,000.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
kWh/
pers
on.y
ear
GW
h
Others
Residential
Service
Industrial
Agricultural
Consumption per capita
Coal and gas are currently main fuels for power generation Coal is main fuel in future including domestic and imported coal
types
9
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Peta
Joul
es Natural gas
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Coal
Hydropower: Potential mainly concentrated to the northern and southern regions Coal-fired power plants: The coal-fired power plants are currently mainly concentrated to the
northern region where the coal reserves are located. Coal may however be transported from the north or imported from outside (e.g. from Australia) that will facilitate coal-fired power plants also in the central and the south.
Gas-fired power plants and combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT): The gas-fired power plants are mainly concentrated to the southern region where the offshore gas reserves are located. Gas reserves are however limited and other types of energy sources will be required to cover the future demand in the southern region.
Nuclear power: Uranium for nuclear power plants will need to be imported due to limited domestic resources.
Import of hydropower: Import will be to the northern (mainly from China) and central (mainly from Laos) and southern parts (mainly from Cambodia).
Renewable energy, including small hydropower: Renewable energy (500 MW) and small hydro (1,400 MW) are mainly being used for rural electrification in remote areas that for economic reasons may not be connected to the national grid.
Pumped storage hydropower: Pumped storage plants (4,200 MW) will used to produce peak power using surplus base load energy during the pumping mode.
Diesel and oil-fired plant: (-485 MW) will be taken out of service as they are the most expensive power plants to operate.
Energy efficiency and conservation
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Peat Deposit in the Mekong River
Delta
Di Linh
Coal Deposit
Ba River
Coal Deposit
Nong Son
Coal Deposit
Quang Ninh
Coalfield
An Chau - Thai Nguyen Coalfield
Na Duong
Coal Deposit
Red River Delta
Concave Area
Black River
Coalfield
Nghe Tinh
Coalfield
Electricity consumption is projected to increase at 14% during 2010-2020 and 7% during 2020-2030
Industrial and residential sectors are two main consumers
12
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
GW
h
Others
Residential
Service
Industrial
Agricultural
Coal will be the main source for power generation including domestic and import coal types
Nuclear power is expected to come in 2020
13
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
2010 2015 2020 2025
GW
h
Import
Nuclear
Renewable
Hydro
Gas
Coal
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Ministry of
Industry
Consultant (i.e. Institute of Energy for the series of PDP 1
to 6)
Government
Assigning a consultant to make PDP
Submitting PDP to Ministry of Industry for appraisal
Submitting PDP to Government for
approval
Prime Minister’ decision on approval of PDP
National Appraisal Commission for PDP (headed by Ministry of Industry; including other related ministries and institutions)
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Coal19.894%
Oil27.294%
Gas11.390%
Hydro9.811%
Nuclear0.000%
Electricity0.074%
Woodfuel19.633%
Rice Husk2.053%
Straw4.252%
Baggase1.387%
Other biomass3.787%
Landfill Gas0.003%
Wind0.001%
Solar0.006%
Geothermal0.000%
Tidal0.000%
Small Hydro
0.300%
Biogas0.113%
Bio Ethanol0.000%
Bio Diesel0.000%
Other31.536%
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Coal17.285%
Gas45.701%
Petroleum Products3.377%
Large Hydro 32.043%
Nuclear Power 0.000%
Small Hydro 0.981%
Biomass power 0.011%
Windpower 0.005%
Solar 0.020%
Geothermal 0.000%
Tidal 0.000%
Autoproducer CHP Plant 0.577%
Other1.594%
Growing power demand Energy efficiency Environmental impact Power supply capability Power sector reform Tariff setting
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