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The components of
microscope consists of:1. Ocular lens
Part close to the eye of the
observer while observing the
object. Ocular lens mounted ona tube of a microscope.
Magnification of the ocular
lens, there are three kinds,
namely 5x, 10x, and 12.5 x.
2. Microscope tube
Is a link eyepiece and
objective lens. Tube mountedon the serrated grip attached to
the upper microscope.
Through the jagged, tabugn
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can be moved up and down.
3. Makrometer (coarse steeringscrews)
Is a component for moving the
microscope tube to the top
dank e down with a big shift.4. Micrometers (fine steering
screws)
Is a component to move the
tube up and down with a subtle
shift.
5. Revolver
It is the player to place the lensobjective lens desired.
6. Objective lens
Is a component that directly
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relate to the object or
specimen. Objective lensmounted on the bottom of the
revolver.
Magnification of the objective
lens varies, depending on thenumber of the microscope
objective lens. For example,
there is a magnification of 10x
and 40x objective lens (a
microscope with two objective
lenses); 4x, 10x, and 40x
(microscope with threeobjective lenses), and 4x, 10x,
45x, and 100x (microscope
with four objective lens ).
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7. Microscope stage
Preparations is a desk or placewhere stocks object/specimen.
At the center of the
microscope stage there is a
hole for entrance of light intothe eye of the observer.
The stage used to put the
object or specimen
preparation. On stage there are
two clamps to clamp the object
glass. In some other
microscopes, the stage can bemoved up and down.
8. Diaphragm
Is a component to adjust more
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or less light coming in through
the hole on the microscopestage. The diaphragm is
mounted on the bottom of the
microscope stage.
9. CondenserIt is a tool to focus the light on
an object or specimen. This
tool is found under the stage.
10. Arm microscope
Is the part that can be held
when lifting or shifting
microscope microscope.11. Mirror reflector
Used to catch the light coming
in through the hole on the
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microscope stage, ie, varying
by location. This mirror has aflat surface and concave
surface. Flat surface is used if
the source is fairly bright light
and concave surfaces used ifthe light is less bright.
12. Leg microscope
Is the resting place of the
microscope. Most microscope
foot shaped like a horseshoe.
B. Preparing Microscope1. Microscopy were taken
from the storage microscope
using both hands when taking
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and bringing the microscope to
the table. One hand holds thearm of a microscope and other
hand holding the feet of a
microscope.
2. Microscope was placed on atable with a flat position and
faced towards the light.
3. Screw the big players
played up to the microscope
tube down to the lower limit.
4. Revolver rotated so that the
objective lens with lowmagnification (eg 10x) just on
its position or just above the
hole stage.
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5. The diaphragm is opened
fully. The position of themirror is set for incoming light
reflected through a hole in the
stage so that through the
eyepiece will appear uniformlybright circle of light. Halo is
known as a field of view.
C. How To Use Microscope
1. Eye-ocular distance:
To prevent eyestrain, take carethe distance between the eye
and ocular. To determine this
distance, the eye approached
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the eyepiece of a maximum
distance of about 1 cm.Optimum distance is achieved
when the field of view appear
as much as possible and as
sharp-sharp. In addition, theeye must be kept open longer.
2. Observation begins with
using an objective lens with
low magnification (eg 10x).
3. While observing through the
eyepiece, the screw is slowly
rotated rough player for themicroscope tube ride. At such
times, the image can be
observed although not so clear.
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Gambit To obtain a clearer,
smoother player screws rotatedso that it can be observed a
clearer picture and better
focus.
4. After observing the imagesusing an objective lens with
low magnification (10x), try
the same object was observed
by using a lens with a more
powerful magnification (eg
40x) by rotating the revolver
so that appropriate 40xobjective lens leads to a hole
in the stage.
Things to remember: during
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the observation with strong
magnification should not usescrews rough player, to get a
good picture (focus) is quite
used screws fine player.
D. Microscope Care
1. Holding a microscope with
both hands when lifting.
2. Starting with the
observation of weak
enlargement before using
powerful magnification.3. No rough play with the
buttons.
4. Removes dirt on the lens
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microscope:
Often microscope imagesremain vague despite having
cultivated fine focus
adjustment. This is often
caused by the front objectivelens is dirty and / or ocular
lens. To ensure the part where
dirty lens, ocular lens first
played, and then, if necessary,
objective lens rotated while
watching the footage to
determine when a layer of dirtthat blurred motion. Then
cleaned with a dirty lens
transerat paper or lens paper.
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Dirty condenser can blur the
picture.When cleaning the front of the
objective lens, it must be
remembered that the lens is
mounted on adhesive that canbe soluble in organic solvents.
Therefore, it is better if you
used distilled water to remove
dirt, if not possible, use
organic solvents that easily
evaporate as little as possible,
for example benzene orpetroleum ether.
5. Ensuring the microscope in
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a dry state, before and after
use.
E. Counting Enlarged Picture
It has been noted previously
that a microscope has twokinds of lenses, namely ocular
lens and objective lens. Both
lens has a certain size
enlargement. Enlargement of
the total for the long tube used
were obtained from the
objective magnificationmultiplied by the
magnification stated in the
eyepiece.
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objective magnification x
eyepiece magnification totalmagnification =
10 x 8 = 80 x
10 x 12.5 = 125 x
40 x 8 = 320 x40 x 12.5 = 500 x
Total of 80-125x
magnification (low
magnification) and 320-500x
(high magnification) given in
the example is sufficient tomeet normal requirements.
Low magnification (3.5 x 8 or
3.5 x 12.5, ie 30-40x total
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magnification) to show the
public of a sample and isusually used for the first
observation on the entire
sample.
F. Sample Preparation
1. A drop of water placed on a
glass object.
2. Objects / specimens are
placed in the water.
3. Cover glass is placed on
premises upper and loweroblique way slowly and
arranged so as not to form air
bubbles. The formation of air
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bubbles can cause the image
quality becomes less good orunclear.
4. Water should fill the space
between the object glass and
cover glass; if the water isspread to other parts of the
object glass, this excess must
be dried (eg with a tissue) with
caution.
5. If the object already exist in
the form of liquid suspense,
suspense droplets can be usedwithout having to shed water
first on the surface of glass
objects.
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Making Media Nutrient ToPlate (NAP) 0.02% (20gr/liter)
A total of 625 ml
Day and date of practicum:
Friday, 01 October 2010
Objective: To find out how to
manufacture the media NAP
Working Principle: NAP is
weighed and then heated until
the exit gas bubbles (boiling)
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and then inserted into the test
tube, and then sterilized in anautoclave for 1 hour. Then
inserted into the plate that
has been sterilized
Basic Theory
Nutrient agar is a commonmedium to test the water and
dairy products. NAP is also
used for the majority of thegrowth of microorganisms
that are not selective, in terms
of heterotrophic
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microorganisms. Media is a
simple media made from beefextract, peptone, and agar.
NAP is one of the media
commonly used in
bacteriological procedures
such as regular testing of
water, Sewage, food products,
to bring the stock culture, tothe growth of bacteria on a
test sample, and to isolate the
organism in pure culture.
Tools and Materials
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a. Tools:
1. Ohaus Balance with
accuracy of 0.1 grams
2. Containers NAP
3. Test tube
4. Plate
5. 500 ml Erlenmeyer6. Hot plate
7. Autoclave
8. Measure pipette
b. Material:
1. NAP 14.00 gr
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2. Aquades
Working Procedure:
1. Considering the container
that is used as a place to
accommodate NAP2. Summing the weight of the
container and the NAP is
needed, then set the scale ofthe scales according to the
total weight of the container
and NAP
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3. Considering the NAP to the
point of balance4. Entering the NAP into the
erlenmeyer and enter aquades
little by little, until 625 ml with
stirring until dissolved
5. Heat up a NAP solution
using a hot plate until boiling
solution.6. Moving a NAP solution into
test tube 15 which is then
sealed.7. Sterilize by autoclave for 1
hour. Then put in 25 plates
that have been sterilized.
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