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Temple
Temple of Hephaestus,a DoricGreek templeinAthens with the
original entrance facing eas t, 449 BC(western face depicted).
Koneswaram Templea 6th CenturyBCETamil SaivatetempleinTirukonamalai , Sri Lanka
Amarnath Temple, attraction topilgrimages as early as 300 BCE.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Temples" redirects here. For the English rock band, see Temples (band). For other
uses, see Temple (disambiguation).
A temple (from the Latinword templum) is astructure reserved for religiousor spiritual
activities, such as prayerandsacrifice, or
analogous rites. A templum constituted a sacred
precinct as defined by a priest, or augur.[1]It has
the same root as the word "template," a plan in
preparation of the building that was marked out
on the ground by the augur. Templa also became
associated with the dwelling places of a god or
gods. Despite the specific set of meanings
associated with the religion of theancient Rome,the word has now become quite widely used to
describe a house of worshipfor any number of
religions and iseven used for time periods prior
to the Romans.
Contents [hide]
1 Hindu temples
2 Buddhist temples
3 Jain temples
4 Mesopotamian temples5 Egyptian temples
6 Greco-Roman temples
7 Pagan temples
8 Zoroastriantemples
9 Sikh temples
10 Jewish synagogues and temples
11 Christian temples
11.1 Iglesia ni Cristo temples
11.2 Latter Day Saint movement
11.2.1 LDS Church11.2.2 Other Latter Day Saint
denominations
12 Masonic temples
13 Temple in Islam
14 Others
15 See also
16 References
17 Further reading
18 External links
Hindu temples [edit]
See also: List of Hindu temples
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Akshardham Tem ple, a Hindutemple in New Delhi, India.
Wat Phra Kaew, Buddhist temple
Ranakpur JainTemple, Rajasthan,India.
Main article: Hindu temple
These may also be called by other names,
including mandiror mandira, ambalam,kavu, koilor kovil, dul, raul, devasthanaand devalaya,
depending on the region in the Indian subcontinent and its local language.
Yamunotri temple, a shrine dedicated to the goddess, Yamunotri is one of the holiest
shrines in Hinduism, and part of the Chota Char Dham Yatra circuit, dates around 11,000
BCE.[2]
Hindu temples are large and magnificent with a rich history. Some date as far back as
the Bronze Ageand later the Indus Valley Civilization. In the present day magnificentHindu temples have been built in various countries of the world
including India, Nepal, Great Britain, the United States,Australia, South
AfricaandCanada.
Buddhist temples [edit]
Main article: List of Buddhist temples
They include the structures
called stupa,watand pagodain different regions
and languages. Temples in Buddhismrepresentthe pure land or pure environment of a Buddha.
Traditional Buddhist temples are designed to
inspire inner and outer peace.[3]
This s ectionrequires expansion .(February2011)
See also: Buddhist temples in Japan,Korean
Buddhist templesand List of Buddhist architecture in China
Jain temples [edit]
Main article: Jain Temple
A Jain templeis the place of worshipforJains,
the followers of Jainism.[4]Some famous Jain
temples are Shikharji, Palitana Jain
Temples, Ranakpur Jain Temple,Shravan
Belgola, Dilwara Templesand Lal Mandir. Jain
temples are built with various architectural
designs. Jain temples in North India are
completely different from the Jain temples in
South India, which in turn are quite different from Jain temples in West India. Additionally,
a Manastambha(meaning column of honor) is a pillar that is often constructed in front of
Jain temples.
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Ziggurat of Ur, Iraq
Luxor temple, Egypt
ParthenononAcropolis ,Athens
See also: List of Jain temples
Mesopotamian temples [edit]
The temple of Mesopotamiaderived from the cult
of gods and deities inMesopotamian religion. It
spanned several civilizations;
from Sumerian,Akkadian,Assyrian,
and Babylonian. The most common templearchitecture of Mesopotamia is the structure of
sun-baked bricks called Ziggurat, having the form
of a terraced step pyramidwith flat upper terrace where shrine or temple stood
Egyptian temples [edit]
Main article: Egyptian temple
Ancient Egyptiantemples were meant as places
for the godsto reside on earth. Indeed, the term
the Egyptians most commonly used to describe
the temple building, wt-nr, means "mansion (or
enclosure) of a god".[5]A god's presencein the
temple linked the human and divine realms and
allowed humans to interact with the god through
ritual. These rituals, it was believed, sustained the
god and allowed it to continue to play its proper role in nature. They were therefore a key
part of the maintenance of maat, the ideal order of nature and of human society in
Egyptian belief.[6]Maintaining maatwas the entire purpose of Egyptian religion,[7]and
thus it was the purpose of a temple as well.[8]Ancient Egyptiantemples were also of
economic significance to Egyptian society. The temples stored and redistributed grain
and came to own large portions of the nation's arable land (some estimate as much as
33% by the New Kingdomperiod).[9]
Greco-Roman temples [edit]
Main articles: Greek templeandRoman temple
Though today we call most Greek religious
buildings "temples," the ancient pagans would
have referred to a temenos, or sacred precinct.Its sacredness, often connected with a holy grove,
was more important than the building itself, as it
contained the open air altaron which
thesacrificeswere made. The building which
housed the cult statue in its naoswas originally a
rather simple structure, but by the middle of the
6th century BCE had become increasingly elaborate. Greek temple architecture had a
profound influence on ancient architectural traditions.
The rituals that located and sited the temple were performed by an augurthrough the
observation of the flight of birds or other natural phenomenon. Roman temples usually
faced east or toward the rising sun, but the specifics of the orientation are often not
known today; there are also notable exceptions, such as the Pantheonwhich faces north.
In ancient Romeonly the native deities of Roman mythologyhad a templum; any
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The Yazd Atash Behram
Harmandir SahibinAmritsar
A model of Herod's Templeadjacent
to the Shrine of the Bookexhibit atthe Israel Museum, Jerusalem.
equivalent structure for a foreign deity was called a fanum.
Pagan temples [edit]
The Romans usually referred to a holy place of a paganreligion as fanum; in some cases
this referred to a sacred grove, in others to a temple. Medieval Latin writers also used the
word templum. In some cases it is hard to determine whether it was a building or an
outdoor shrine. For temple buildings of Germanic paganism, the Old Norseterm hofis
often used.
Zoroastrian temples [edit]
Main article: Fire temple
Zoroastriantemples may also be called thedarb-e
mehandAtashkadeh. A fire temple in
Zoroastrianism is the place of worship for
Zoroastrians. Zoroastrians revere fire in any form.
In the Zoroastrian religion, fire (Atar), together
with clean water (Aban), are agents of ritual
purity. Clean, white "ash for the purification
ceremonies is regarded as the basis of ritual life,"
which, "are essentially the rites proper to the tending of a domestic fire, for the temple fire
is that of the hearth fire raised to a new solemnity.
Sikh temples [edit]
Main article: Gurdwara
A Sikh temple is called a Gurdwara, literally the
doorway to the Guru. Its most essential element is
the presence of the Guru, Guru Granth Sahib.
The Gurdwara has an entrance from all sides,
signifying that they are open to all without any
distinction whatsoever. The Gurdwara has a Darbar Sahibwhere the Guru Granth Sahib
is seen and a Langarwhere people can eat free food.[10]A Gurdwara may also have a
library, nursery, and classroom.[11]A Gurdwara can be identified from a distance by tall
flagpoles bearing the Nishan Sahib, the Sikh flag.
Jewish synagogues and temples [edit]
In Judaism, the ancient Hebrew texts refer not to
temples, the word having not existed yet, but to a
"sanctuary", "palace" or "hall". Each of the two
ancient temples in Jerusalem was called Beit
Hamikdash, which translates literally as "the Holy
House."
The Temple Mountin Jerusalemis the site where
the First Templeof Solomon and the SecondTemplewere built. At the center of the structure
was the Holy of Holieswhere only the high priest
could enter. The Temple Mount is now the site of the Islamicshrine, the Dome of the
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Cathedral of Chris t theSaviourin Moscow, Russia.
Basilique du Sacr-Coeurin Paris
Rock(c. 690).
The Greek word synagoguecame into use to describe Jewish places of worship
during Hellenistictimes and it, along with the Yiddish term shul, and the original Hebrew
term Bet Knesset("House of meeting") are the terms in most universal usage.
From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the word "temple" began to be used for
Jewish houses of worship, almost exclusively by the followers of Reform Judaism, first in
Germany, then in other countries, especially in the United States, as in Temple Beth-El.
Orthodox Judaism considers this usage inappropriate, as it does not consider
synagogues a replacement for the Temple in Jerusalem (there were local places of
worship contemporaneous with the existence of the Temple, e.g. the one that can be
seen at Masada).
Christian temples [edit]
The word templehas traditionally been rarely used in
the Western Christian tradition. The principal words
typically used to distinguish houses of worship in Western
Christian architecture arebasilica, cathedraland church.The Catholic Church has used the word temple in
reference of a place of worship on rare occasions. An
example is the Roman Catholic Sagrada FamiliaTemple
in Barcelona, Spain and the Roman CatholicBasilique du
Sacr-CurTemple in Paris, France.
The word temple, however, is used frequently in the
tradition of Eastern Christianityand particularly
the Eastern Orthodox Church, where the principal words
used for houses of worship aretempleand church. Theuse of the wordtemplecomes from the need to
distinguisha building of the churchvs. the church
seen as the Body of Christ. In the Russian
language(similar to other Slavic languages) while
the general-purpose word for "church" is tserkov,
the termkhram(), "temple", is used to refer
to the church building as a temple of God(Khram
Bozhy). The words "church" and "temple", in this
case are interchangeable; however, the term
"church" (Ancient Greek: ) is far morecommon. The term temple(Ancient Greek:)
is also commonly applied to larger churches. Some famous churches which are referred
to as temples include Hagia Sophia, Saint Basil's Cathedral, Cathedral of Christ the
Saviour, or the Temple of Saint Savain Belgrade, Serbia. See also:Orthodox church
(building)and catholicon.
Beginning in the late eighteenth century, following the Enlightenment, some Protestant
denominations in France and elsewhere began to use the word templeto distinguish these
spaces from Catholic churches. Evangelicaland other Protestant churches make use of a
wide variety of terms to designate their worship spaces, such as church, tabernacleortemple. Additionally some Breakaway Catholic Churchessuch as the Mariavite
Churchin Polandhave chosen to also designate their central church building as a
temple, as in the case of the Temple of Mercy and Charityin Pock.
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LDS temple in Sal t LakeCity, Utah, USA. Dedicated1893.
Iglesia ni Cristo temples [edit]
Main article: Iglesia ni Cristo
Iglesia ni Cristochurch buildings serve as places of worship and other religious functions,
are "vehicles for glorifying God." These are described by Culture and customs of the
Philippines, a book published by Greenwood Publishing Group, as structures "which
employ exterior neo-Gothic vertical support columns with tall narrow windows between,
interlocking trapezoids, and rosette motifs, as well as tower and spires." There are
multiple entrances leading to the main sanctuary, where males and females sit on either
side of the aisle facing a daiswhere sermons are made. The choir loft is located behind
the dais, and in larger churches, baptistrypools for immersion baptismare located at the
back of the church.[12]Meanwhile, Fernando Nakpil-Zialcita,
an anthropologistfromAteneo de Manila University.[13]The distinctive spires represent
"the reaching out of the faithful to God." Churches were started to be built in this style
during the late 1940s and early 1950s with the first concrete chapel built in Sampaloc,
Manilain 1948.
Latter Day Saint movement [edit]
Main article: Temple (Latter Day Saints)
According to Latter Day Saints, in 1832, Joseph Smith,
Jr.received a revelationto restorethe practice of temple
worship, in a "house of the Lord". The Kirtland
Templewas the first temple of the Latter-day Saint
movementand the only one completed in Smith's lifetime,
although the Nauvoo Templewas partially complete at the
time of his death. The schismsstemming from
a succession crisishave led to differing views about the
role and use of temples between various groups withcompeting succession claims.
The Book of Mormon, which Latter Day Saints believe is a
companion book of scripture with the Bible, refers to
temple building in the ancient Americas by a group of
people called the Nephites. Though Book of Mormon authors are not explicit about the
practices in these Nephite temples, they were patterned "after the manner of the temple
of Solomon" ([14]) and served as gathering places for significant religious and political
events (e.g. Mosiah 1-6; 3rd Nephi 11-26).[15]
LDS Church [edit]
See also: Temple (LDS Church)and List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints(LDS Church) is a prolific builder of
"Latter-day Saint" or "Mormon" temples. There are 143 operating temples (which includes
2 previously dedicated, but closed for renovation), 13 under construction, and 14
announced (not yet under construction).[16]Latter-day Saint templesare reserved for
performing and undertaking only the most holy and sacred of covenants and special of
ordinances. They are distinct from meeting housesand chapelswhere weekly worship
servicesare held. The temples are built and kept under strict sacredness and are not tobe defiled. Thus, strict rules apply for entrance, including church membership and regular
attendance. During the open-house period after its construction and before the temple is
dedicated, the temple is open to the public for tours.[17]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worship_services_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints#Weekly_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinance_(Mormonism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter-day_Sainthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saintshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_temples_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saintshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(LDS_Church)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succession_crisis_(Latter_Day_Saints)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schism_(religion)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauvoo_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter-day_Saint_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtland_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(Latter_Day_Saints)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_(Latter_Day_Saints)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation#Latter-day_Saint_concept_of_revelationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter_Day_Sainthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(Latter_Day_Saints)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampaloc,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-admu-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-culture_and_customs-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_baptismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=14http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salt_Lake_Temple,_Utah_-_Sept_2004-2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Salt_Lake_Temple,_Utah_-_Sept_2004-2.jpg8/12/2019 Temple - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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A Typical Masonic Lodge
Example of a mos que : the Mosqueof Uqba(Great Mosque of Kairouan) isone of the most important mosques inthe Musl im West, Tunisia.
Other Latter Day Saint denominations [edit]
Various other sectsof the church founded by Joseph Smith, Jr., initially known asThe
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also have temples.[18]
Independence Templeat Independence, Missouriwas built by the Community of
Christby then-church prophet-presidentWallace B. Smith. The Community of Christ
also currently owns the original Kirtland Temple, built by LDS Church, in Kirtland,
Ohio, which it operates as a historic site.
YFZ Ranch Templewas built by The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter
Day Saints (FLDS)Church just outside of Eldoradoin Schleicher County, Texas.[19]
In 1990 or earlier a temple in Ozumba, Mexicowas built by theApostolic United
Brethren.[20]
A pyramid-shaped temple near Modena, Utahwas built by the Righteous Branch of
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[20]
Masonic temples [edit]
Freemasonryis a fraternal organizationwith itsorigins in the eighteenth century whose
membership is held together by a shared set of
moral and metaphysicalideals. Freemasons meet
as a Lodge. Lodges meet in a Masonic Temple,
Masonic Center or a Masonic Hall, such
asFreemasons' Hall, London. Some confusion
exists as Masons usually refer to a Lodge meeting
as being in Lodge.
Temple in Islam [edit]
An Islamic temple is called a "mosque" or "masjid"
in Arabic, which means "the place for kneeling (to
God)."
Others [edit]
Gbekli Tepe, located in southern Turkey, was
built in 8th millennium BCE - 10th millennium BCE.
Convention allows the use of temple in the
following cases:
Bah'temple (Mashriqu'l-Adhkrsor Houses
of Worship).
Mankhim, the temple of the ethnic group the Rai, located atAritar, Sikkim.
Confucian templeor Temple of Confucius.
Shintoistjinjaare normally called shrinesin English in order to distinguish them from
Buddhist temples (-tera, -dera).
Taoisttemples and monasteries are called guanor daoguan(, literally "place of
contemplation of the Tao") in Chinese, guanbeing the shortened version of daoguan.
Shrines of the traditional Chinese Ethnic Shenismare called miao, or ancestral hallin
English. Joss houseis an obsolete American term for such kind of places of worship.
See also [edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joss_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daoguan&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinja_(Shinto)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shintoisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_of_Confuciushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian_templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_(ethnic_group)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankhimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_House_of_Worshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasons%27_Hall,_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonic_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraternal_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-Moore-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Righteous_Branch_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saintshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modena,_Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-Moore-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic_United_Brethrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozumbahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schleicher_County,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldorado,_Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamentalist_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter_Day_Saintshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YFZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtland,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirtland_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_B._Smithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Christ_First_Presidencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Christhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence,_Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saintshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=19http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=18http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=16http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosque_of_Uqbahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan,_vue_d%27ensemble.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_de_Kairouan,_vue_d%27ensemble.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimbolton_Lodge_123.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimbolton_Lodge_123.JPG8/12/2019 Temple - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Chinese pagoda
Dravidian architecture
List of temples of Tamil Nadu
National Temple of Divine Providence
Place of worship
Temple (Chinese)
T
References [edit]
1. ^Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid . University of Notre Dame. 26 May 2009. Retrieved
24 July 2009.
2. ^"In Search Of The First Civilizations" By Michael Wood, p. 62
3. ^"New York Buddhist Temple for World Peace" . Kadampanewyork.org. 1997-08-01.
Retrieved 2012-06-20.
4. ^Babb, Lawrence, A (1996).Absent lord: ascetics and kings in a Jain ritual culture.
Published University of California Press. p. 66.
5. ^Spencer 1984, p. 22, 44; Snape 1996, p. 9
6. ^Dunand and Zivie-Coche 2005, pp. 8991
7. ^Assmann 2001, p. 4
8. ^Shafer, Byron E., "Temples, Priests, and Rituals: An Overview", in Shafer 1997, pp. 12
9. ^Andr Dollinger. The Ancient Egyptian Economy. pp. 5 [1] Retrieved June 19 2012
10. ^"The Gurdwara" . http://www.bbc.co.uk . BBC. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
11. ^"Gurdwara Requirements" . http://www.worldgurudwaras.com . Retrieved 18 March
2013.
12. ^Paul A. Rodell (2002). Culture and customs of the Philippines . Westport, Connecticut:
Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 86. ISBN0-313-30415-7. ISSN1097-
0738 . LCCN2001023338 . LCCDS664 .R63 2001 . Retrieved 2011-06-11.
13. ^"Fernando Zialcita, Ph.D." . Ateneo de Manila University School of Social Sciences.Retrieved 2011-06-11.
14. ^"The Second Book of Nephi Chapter 5 - 5:16" . Lds.org. 2012-02-21. Retrieved 2012-
06-20.
15. ^"Temples" . Achoiceland.com. 2010-10-01. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
16. ^"List of Temples" .
17. ^"Frequently Asked Questions" .
18. ^Utah Attorney Generals Office and Arizona Attorney Generals Office. The Primer,
Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities .
Updated June 2006. Page 23.
19. ^"FLDS temple nearly complete" . Provo Daily Herald(AP). 31 January 2006.20. ^ abAndrea Moore-Emmett. God's Brothel. Pince-Nez Press: June 1, 2004. ISBN 1-
930074-13-1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-Moore_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1930074131http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-Moore_20-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-Moore_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provo_Daily_Heraldhttp://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/163170/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-19http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/cmsdocuments/The_Primer.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-18http://lds.org/temples/faq/0,11264,1904-1,00.html#3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-17http://www.lds.org/temples/chronological/0,11206,1900-1,00.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-16http://www.achoiceland.com/templeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-15http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/5?lang=enghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-14http://www.dsa-ateneo.net/personnel/fernando-zialcita-phdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-admu_13-0http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=DS664+.R63+2001&Search_Code=CALL_&CNT=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classificationhttp://lccn.loc.gov/2001023338http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Numberhttp://www.worldcat.org/issn/1097-0738http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30415-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=y1CVR74_KHQChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-culture_and_customs_12-0http://www.worldgurudwaras.com/http://www.worldgurudwaras.com/gurudwaras/gurdwara-requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-11http://www.bbc.co.uk/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/sikhism/ritesrituals/gurdwara_1.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-10http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/The-Ancient-Egyptian-Economy.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-4http://www.kadampanewyork.org/temple/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-2http://www.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/lookup.pl?stem=Templum&ending=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_(Chinese)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_of_worshiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Temple_of_Divine_Providencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_temples_of_Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_pagodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple&action=edit§ion=208/12/2019 Temple - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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Further reading [edit]
Hani, Jean, Le symbolisme du temple chrtien, G. Trdaniel (editor); [2. d.] edition
(1978), 207 p., ISBN 2-85707-030-6
External links [edit]
online distinct for the religious and
anatomical terms
Comparison between Egyptian and Greektemples
All Temples In India
Categories: Temples Monument types Religious architecture Religious buildings
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