Teleostei ‘perfect bone’ fishes
Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp.38 Orders; 426 Families4 major subdivisions (Chapter 14; Helfman et al. 1997; p.222 and 223; Course Pack pp.21 & 23)
Osteoglossomorpha
Elopomorpha
Clupeomorpha
Euteleostei
(D)Teleostei
Taxonomy– Class – Division Teleostei– Subdivision Euteleostei– Superorder Elopomorpha– Order Anguilliformes– Family Anguillidae– Genus– Species
American eel
Speciose : ~ 24,000 spp.38 Orders; 426 FamiliesSuccess in part depends on 5 trends
1. Bone Reduction:
- skull, tail, vertebrae, jaw, fin rays, scales
2. Changes in position and use of dorsal fin
3. Placement and function of paired fins
Teleostei
4. Modifications to caudal fin and gas bladder
5. Jaw Modifications- expansion, protrusion, suction
- musculature and dentition of pharyngeal jaws
Teleostei
(SD) Osteoglossomorpha
Osteoglossidae
Bony tongues
Osteoglossomorpha
Pantodontidae
Butterfly fish
Osteoglossomorpha
Notopteridae
African knifefishes
Osteoglossomorpha
Mormyridae
Elephantnose fishes
(SD) Elopomorpha leptocephalus larvae
Anguilliformes: Anguillidae anguill = eel (L)freshwater eels
Muraenidaemuraen = eel (L)moray eels
Elopomorpha
Anguilliformes:
Elopomorpha
Ophicthiidaeophi = snake (G)snake and worm eels
Congridaecong/conger = eel (L)conger eels
Elopomorpha
SSaccopharyngiformes: Eurypharyngidae
Eury = wide (G); pharyng = throat (G)GulpersPelican Eels
(SD)Elopomorpha
Elopiformes:
Elopidae
Megalopidaemega = large (G); lopi = scale (G)
Lady fishes; tenpounders
Tarpon
(SD)Clupeomorpha
Clupeiformes: Clupeidae herringsclupe = shield, a river fish (L)Engraulidae anchoviesengraul = a small fish (G)
Commercially important fisheries
Otophysic connection
Otophysic connection
92%92% of Families,of Families, 95%95% of species ofof species of TeleosteiTeleostei Many possess: adipose fin, breeding Many possess: adipose fin, breeding tuberclestubercles
(SD)Euteleostei
(SO)Ostariophysi1. Weberian Ossicles:
anterior vertebrae and ribs modified to connect gas bladder to inner ear
2. Schreckstoff: alarm substance andreaction
the ‘true’ teleosts
Cypriniformes:
Cyprinidaelargest freshwater family; 2nd largest of any family
(SO)Ostariophysi
minnows,carps
Cypriniformes: Cypriniformes:
CatostomidaeCato = downward (G); stom = mouth (G)
Ostariophysi
suckerssuckers
loachesCobitidae
Characiformes:
CharacidaeCharacidae
Gasteropelecidaegastero = stomach (G); pelec = hatchet (G)
Ostariophysi
CharacinsPiranhas and Tetras Africa and S. America
freshwater hatchetfishes
OstariophysiSiluriformes:
AriidaeAri = very much, warlike (G)
AspredinidaeAspred = roughness, a rough plate (L) banjo catfishes; tubercles
ClariidaeClari = clear (G)airbreathing catfishes
sea catfishes
Ostariophysi
Siluriformes:
Ictaluridae
Loricariidaeclothed in metal, armor (L)
North American catfishes
armored catfishes
OstariophysiSiluriformes: Siluriformes: MochokidaeMochokidaeupside-down catfishes
PimelodidaePimelodidaelong-whiskered catfishes TrichomycteridaeTrichomycteridaetricho = hair (G); mycter = nose (G)tricho = hair (G); mycter = nose (G)parasitic catfishes
Ostariophysi
Gymnotiformes: Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidaegymno = naked (G)
knifefishes
production and reception of weakelectrical impulses
(SO)Protacanthopterygii (prot= first, acanth = spine, pter = fin)
Esociformes Esocidae
Pikes and pickerels
ProtacanthopterygiiSalmoniformes Salmonidae
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