The Business Case for Open Standards and Methodologies
Implications for MIKE2.0 and how to establish a successful open source methodology
Team 29Caine Pan, Kevin Qiao, Lorah Chong, Manman Lai, Yushi Xian October – April 2010
Sponsored and supported by BearingPoint
Market research◦ Case study: TOGAF, Mozilla, JBoss
Literature review
Findings from primary research◦ Survey 1 – Motivation of online contribution◦ Survey 2 – MIKE2.0 web satisfaction Online & face to face
interview on potential adoption◦ Survey 3 – Online & face to face interview on potential
adoption
Recommendations
Our Presentation: An Overview
• IDC study : worldwide revenue from open source software will expand at an estimated compound annual growth rate of 22.4%, with revenues approaching $8.1 billion by 2013.
• an increase in OSS acceptance by enterprise customers IBM, Sun, Dell and HewlettPackard, are introducing more enterprise customers to open source
• Hybrid business models are becoming more prevalent among vendors. E.g: Closedsource vendors are offering more OSS solutions OSS vendors are offering both open source and proprietary solutions
Open Source Market Trend
a new emerging trend for many open source developers
1) provide for potential adopters a wide range of complementary services (e.g. technical supports)
2) provide monetary rewards for the development by shifting the value from licensing agreements to additional services such as packaging, consultancy, maintenance and training.
New Hybrid Models
In 2003, the for-profit Moodle Services (moodle.com) was formed to provide commercial service to support the non-profit Moodle.org.
The Moodle software remained freely available.
Commercial entities would be - listed as official providers -share a percentage of their Moodle-related income with Moodle has preserved the open source development of Moodle while allowing for further innovation as money can be poured back into the product
Case of Moodle
Currently there are in excess of 140,000 open source projects on the net
based on the Optaros’ open source catalogue 2007 which contains a list of 262 projects that matches its enterprise ready benchmark
Open Source Catalogue
ProductFirst Public Release Year
Current Version Description / URL License Type Governance
Structure Support Success Factors Achievements
Plone 2001 3.3.4
Comprehensive content and document management solution based on the Python language and running on the Zope Applications Server http://plone.org
GPL Community Hybrid Prof / Community
• Security• Extensibility• High usability and
flexibility• Active community• legal backing from
the council of the Software Freedom Law Center
Plone's development team has also been ranked in the top 2% of the largest open source communities. (http://www.i-kno.net/technology/plone-cms)
Typo3 1997 4.4
Widely used Content Management System (CMS) offering full flexibility and extendibility. Implemented in PHP http://typo3.org
GPL Community Flat Community• Flexibility• Safety• User-friendliness
TYPO3 has been used in over 300,000 websites around the world. Its users include Philips, EDS, Volkswagen, General Electric, Stanford University, and more.
Alfresco 2005 3.2
Standards compliant document management application (sort of a lightweight Documentum) evolving into a comprehensive ECM solution over the coming releases. The software is developed by former Documentum and Interwoven employees and based on a modern Java stack (Spring/Hibernate/Java Faces, etc.) http://www.alfresco.com
LGPL Community Hybrid Prof / Community
• Ease to use• Functionality• Community support• Easy for
Collaboration• Open standard based
(JAVA)
The 2009 Open Source CMS Market Share Report described Alfresco as a leading Java-based open source web content management system
32% market share
Main adopters: • Dairy farm group • Ministry of Defence (UK MOD) • Department of Social Security (UK DSS)
Case study: TOGAF
What it does well…
Strong leadership power The Open Group was created to put an end to the Unix wars in the
early 1990s technique based on U.S. Department of Defense Technical Architecture For Information Management (TAFIM).
was founded with a sound base
Open and diversified community includes several sub-forums such as Architecture Forum; Enterprise Management Forum; and, Platform Forum, etc.
Any members can contribute
Case study: TOGAF (con’t)
High transparency of standard development process to all members and third parties
The Open Group Standard Process Flow
Idea for Standard
Develop Draft Standard
Formal Company ReviewAnd
Ballot
Approve Standard
Publish Approved Standard
Principles Resources
Forum/WG operations
Forum/WG operations
Technical Procedures
Technical Procedures Technical
Procedures
Technical Procedures
The methodologies have to be well founded and raised to professionalism “…it’s not just TOGAF. It’s not just a case of having a framework, a method, or a way of helping organizations do enterprise architecture. We’re also concerned with raising the level of professionalism,” said Allen Brown, president and CEO of The Open Group
Always look at new areas and improve usability As limited by the format of TOGAF 9 in hard copy, PDF, and HTMLreleased an open source plug-in tool “TOGAF Customizer” based on the Eclipse Process Framework in 2009
Case study: TOGAF (con’t)
Difficulties in early development period
(not enough contributor, project leader quit….)
Attracted institutional users(HP, Oracle, Sun Microsystems)
Increase in participating(documentation improved, Development tools and tools refined)
Mozilla FireFox - Development
Goal: community in a structured and transparent way Structure:
Project team Non-Member
Lead
Developer
Issue Tracking: keep track of all requests for new features, bug reports and tasks that need to be completed,
JBoss- Organizational Structure
By submitting a patch
1. Do not give up. More contributors would join the project alone with community development.
2. It would be helpful to attract some big industry players to adopt the open source methodology.
3. Developers need extensive support from community administration.
What we can learn?
THE BENEFITS OF OPEN SOURCE
MOTIVATIONS FOR ONLINE CONTRIBUTION
ORGANISATIONAL ADOPTION
ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE OF OPEN SOURCE
OPEN STANDARD
INTRODUCTION OF OPEN SOUCE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES
Key findings literature
National Computing Centre in the UK:
The benefit of open source
Low Cost – especially in recent economic downturn (need sufficient in-house resource)
User-driven and transparent approach (freedom to share the work with others)
The benefit of using open source for IM is similar to the general benefit of open source.
THE BENEFIT OF OPEN SOURCE
The benefit of open source
“Why should thousands of top-notch programmers contribute freely to the provision of a public good?”
Intrinsic motivation - inherent satisfactions (fun, altruism, obligation to contribute) instead of their separable consequence
Extrinsic motivation - immediate or delayed benefits (salary, bonus or signaling) generated from participating into projects
MOTIVATIONS FOR ONLINE CONTRIBUTION
Obligation/community-based
Enjoyment-based
Altruism
Gift-giving
Self-effectiveness
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Signaling
User needs
Human capital
Motivation differences – content Vs. software
Extrinsic motivation
Open Standard ≠ Open Source Definition by the Wheeler (2006):
Open Standard
Four major assessment approaches:
1) Open source maturity model (Capgemini)
2) Open source maturity model (Navica)
3) Methodology of qualification and selection of open source software (Atos Origin) - QSOS
4) Open business readiness rating (Carnegie Mellon West & Intel) - OpenBRR
Open Source Assessment Methodologies
Open source assessment methodology (MIKE2.0)
Open source assessment methodology (MIKE2.0)
Open source assessment methodology (MIKE2.0)
Intrinsic Motivation: Feel competency and accomplishment
Survey 1:Motivation for online contribution
Contr
ibuti
ng t
o a
n o
pen s
ourc
e
pro
ject
is f
un:
Collabora
tion g
ives m
e a
chance t
o d
o t
he jobs I f
eel I
do t
he b
est:
Part
icip
ati
ng in a
n o
pen s
ourc
e
com
munit
y g
ives m
e a
feeling
of
accom
plishm
ent:
Part
icip
ati
ng in a
n o
pen s
ourc
e
com
munit
y g
ives m
e a
feeling
of
com
pete
nce:
I ra
te m
y p
art
icip
ati
on a
s a
n
import
ant
acti
vit
y f
or
myself
Seekin
g/P
rovid
ing a
dvic
e
Contributing to an open source project is fun:
Collaboration gives me a
chance to do the jobs I feel I
do the best:
Participating in an open source
community gives me a feel-ing of accom-
plishment:
Participating in an open source
community gives me a feel-ing of compet-
ence:
I rate my parti-cipation as an
important activ-ity for myself
Seeking/Provid-ing advice
4.10
4.20
4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
Extrinsic Motivation: Learning and self-promotion instead of monetary
rewards
Experience from an open source project raises my skill level ...
I will make money from my participation in an open source pro...
Participating in an open source project makes me more marke...
Participating in an open source project displays the value of m...
Participating in an open source projects signals my abilities t...
I will sell products related to the project I participate in.
I will sell customization services related to the project I partici...
Part
icip
ati
ng in a
n o
pen s
ourc
e p
roje
ct
dis
pla
ys t
he v
alu
e o
f m
y info
rmati
on.
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Motivation for online contribution
Personal Needs: Hope communities could actually solve their
problems
Motivation for online contribution
I alw
ays u
se o
pen
source c
om
munit
ies
apart f
rom
work.
The c
om
munit
y is c
rit
-
ical fo
r m
y w
ork.
I am
not s
atis
fied w
ith
exis
tin
g s
oft
ware o
r
the r
equir
ed s
oft
ware
does n
ot e
xis
t.
It is h
ard f
or c
om
-
mercia
l soft
ware t
o
meet m
y e
ver c
han
-
gin
g n
eeds.
By p
artic
ipatin
g,
the
com
munit
y p
rovid
es
functio
nality t
hat
matches m
y u
niq
ue
and s
pecifi
c n
eeds
Bein
g a
ble
to fi
x p
rob
-
lem
s t
hrough c
ollabor
-
atio
n w
ithin
the c
om
-
munit
y is o
ne o
f the
great a
dvantages o
f
open s
ource
soft
ware/m
ethodolo
gy.
I always use open source communit-ies apart
from work.
The com-
munity is critical for my work.
I am not sat-isfied with existing
software or the required
software does not ex-
ist.
It is hard for commercial software to meet my
ever chan-ging needs.
By particip-ating, the
community provides
functionality that
matches my unique and
specific needs
Being able to fix prob-
lems through col-laboration within the
community is one of the
great ad-vantages of open source
software/methodo-
logy.
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Altruism Helping others and be helped
Motivation for online contributionI don't
care
about
money.
You c
an a
lways t
rust
an o
pen s
ourc
e p
ar
-
ticip
ant.
Recognit
ion f
rom
oth
ers
is m
y g
reate
st
rew
ard
.
By investi
ng e
ffort
s, I
can m
ake t
he r
esult
-
ing s
olu
tion p
ublicly
avaia
ble
wit
h t
he
help
fro
m o
ther
pro
-
gra
mm
ers
.
Open s
ourc
e p
art
i-
cip
ants
should
help
each o
ther
out.
I do n
ot
min
d m
akin
g
any s
acri
fices.
I deeply
enjo
y h
elp
-
ing o
thers
.
Open s
ourc
e p
art
i-
cip
ants
are
a b
ig f
am
-
ily.
I am
pro
ud t
o b
e p
art
of
the O
pen S
ourc
e
Com
munit
y.
I don't care about
money.
You can always trust an
open source par-
ticipant.
Recognition from others
is my greatest reward.
By investing efforts, I can
make the resulting solution publicly avaiable with the
help from other pro-grammers.
Open source participants should help each other
out.
I do not mind mak-ing any sac-
rifices.
I deeply en-joy helping
others.
Open source participants
are a big family.
I am proud to be part of
the Open Source
Community.
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Sample demographic 16 valid responses, 80% working on information consultation
industry, 20% working on government, and crossed industry; Positions: Business consultant (45%), managers ( 35%), Directors/CEO (15%), Others (5%)
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction questionnaire findings
Source of members ‘Where did you learn about MIKE2.0?’
52.6% : become members through word of mouth marketing
26.3% mentioned the impact of AIIM ECM COURSE and their work on their decisions to apply for membership.
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction questionnaire findings
Perceived Web Presentation and Functionality
Criteria- ease of navigation, visual appeal, quality of information, usefulness of information
Result-Average rating for the separate items are high
Presentation 70.6% of respondents: more pictures and illustrations are needed, and
some respondents particularly pointed out that the web home page was ‘too busy’ and lacked a ‘modern feel’.
Potential improvement areas Dynamic navigation (Flex/Flash), site map and data set
upload/management are required; Incorporate best practice for IM subsets: Data Management, Data
Modeling, ETL, BI Maybe make the blogs and forums look a little better.
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction questionnaire findings
Motivation and expectations of members visiting the MIKE2.0 website
Reasons to visit MIKE2.0: Used the site for information management
solutions (50%) A large proportion of respondents expressed their
interest in looking for publications (33.3%) Sharing knowledge on the site (38.9%)
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction questionnaire findings
Respondents’ expectations towards the site based on the current level
Some of the material is too conceptual;
More solution offerings are required, incorporate with the fundamental best practices
perhaps follow a framework like ITIL
Add depth and project experience specifics
Add more tools like templates
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction questionnaire findings
Attitudes towards open source standard Respondents expressed relatively high confidence (5.25 out of 7)
However, some were cautious about it becoming standard and main
concerns related to following areas: Vendor pressure for specific market spaces within IM is still too
fragmented. BI, Data Management and 'other front-end software' all play in a different
space. Data management is still far too much oriented towards batch data
integration methodologies to be embraced in an individual standards-based approach.
MIKE2.0 Website Satisfaction Questionnaire Findings
Online Interview Findings – Survey 2
Sample Demographic:Occupations of Respondents
• 6 completed • 3 from 219 of the 400 valid
email addresses from the email list provided
• 3 from 15 emails sent variety of Mike2.0 and online motivation
respondents
• Banking/financial services• Government, government –
public safety • RIM and entertainment, and
engineering
• Job titles: - Director- Senior Enterprise (IT) Architect- IT Director- President- Consultant and IT Project Manager
One respondent from Norwich Union states that they are using Quality Management System (QMS).
No38%
Not Sure50%
Yes ( Quality Management System- QMS)
13%No
Not Sure
Yes ( Quality Management Sys-tem- QMS)
Does your organisation use any (existing) Enterprise Information Management Methodology/Framework?
He said “QMS is an in-house (and, therefore, proprietary) framework and method, based largely on IBM's Global Services and End-to-End Methods, controlling everything from business and IT Strategy development through to implementation of change (IT systems or elsewhere). It is more of a recipe book to be picked from with some mandatory elements for governance.
The most important factors: Low cost Positive case studies
The respondents also suggested:
Adequacy of methodology Ease of use Comprehensive templates and
examples are also determinants of their
decisions.
If there is an open source enterprise IM framework/methodology available in the market, how likely would you be to adopt it?
Open Source Adoption
What is the main factor that may prevent you from using an open source IM methodology?
Reasons for not to use open source IM methodology:
1. Lack of perceived business benefit
2.NIH ( Not Invented Here)
3. All the above
4. Internal standards/ Vendor support/ Accountability
Face to Face Interviews
Important factors affect OS methodology adoption:
Freedom of Customisation
Quality of Community
Hidden cost of Open Source Adoption
Findings of Interviews
Lack of Knowledge on open source- 28.6% of respondents rate themselves as extremely unknowledgeable
NIH - NOT INVENTED HERE◦ IT manager in JPMorgan - JPMorgan only uses internal resources/help
when undertaking information management improvement projects. ◦ IT Director in McLaren - It is the reason why McLaren do not use open
methodology.
Internal standards / vendor support / accountability- No contract , no guarantee
- Large institutions may not be willing to adopt software/support without the protection of a contract and guaranteed delivery of service.
Obstacles of Open Source adoption – why not use?
Is there any correlation between type of industry and collaboration level?
IT and Education Industry Businesses
People in the education are more willing to help each other
Businesses see each other as competitors
In house intelligence information
Confirmed by JPMorgan
The key to Open Standards: Transparent; Objective; and, Being understood to mean the same thing to everybody
involved.
MIKE2.0 has the potential to become an open
standard: The Creative Commons Attribution License allows anyone
to read, use, adapt and extend the framework has helped MIKE2.0 to fulfil availability, with no royalty, extension and no nominal cost.
Open standards suggestion:
But MIKE2.0 still needs to work on the following:
The content provide must enable interoperability and avoid vendor-locking
Establish an open decision-making process to enhance its transparency to the public.
To apply the same standard world-wide will be the biggest challenge
‘Being a standard’ does not mean ‘it is an open standard’ MIKE2.0 could be developed into a de facto standard
…con’t
Provide training and consulting services
Increase the level of community support
Improve the usability of MIKE2.0
Suggestion (Maturity):
Possible Marketing strategy to engage participants
Identify and form a strong alliance with leading online
forums at IT/information management field Distribute blog-posts and initiate high-quality open
discussions on these sites with MIKE 2.0 links.
The MIKE 2.0 team should arrange the necessary induction courses with targeted corporations.
Reccomendation on the MIKE2.0 methodology and its community
Incentives to encourage participation/contribution
two main issues affecting members‟ contribution levels:
1.A large proportion of respondents demonstrated that they would contribute more if they knew that other contributors would appreciate their work;
2.it was clear to them that other people would benefit from their efforts.
Reccomendation on the MIKE2.0 methodology and its community
Proposed suggestions to create incentive of contribution
Increase members‟ participation levels by implementing a
feedback and voting mechanism:
1. Readers are allowed to rate articles or edited pages 2. Readers gain community bonus points by leaving a comment 3. Readers are given limited voting rights on a daily basis 4. A system counts the number of votes, and credits
contributors with community bonus points. 5. In order to convert community bonus points to something
more meaningful and visible, a ranking system should be employed.
Reccomendation on the MIKE2.0 methodology and its community
A ranking system - sample
Bonus points could be converted to raise their status in the
community. Under this system, members are actively interacting with
contributors, and an incentive is created which leads to members making more contributions as they feel their work is appreciated.
Members‟ status is connected with their involvement in, and
contribution to, the community, and thus this mechanism encourages members‟ overall participation levels.
Why the ranking system works?
MIKE 2.0 methodology- the way to be a standard Hindered from adopting MIKE 2.0 methodology as it lacked proof
for tactical feasibility and tangible benefits. The methodology would be more likely to be accepted if MIKE 2.0
could expand its influence to an international arena and collaborate/embrace other organisations in other parts of the world.
Identify perspective firms and utilise network to encourage them to
use the methodology. Will create initiative for other firms to adopt
Promote the community in different countries and translate the methodology into different languages.
MIKE 2.0 methodology- the way to be a standard
Quality control -- Need a well designed contribution agreement.
Issue tracking – Need a complete issue tracking system in place.
Dealing with issues swiftly can help members to create a sense of involvement which is crucial for the success of a virtual community.
Provide more solution offerings which give participants a sense of involvement.
Recommendation-other points
Thank You.Any questions?
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