Frances Turiano
Teaching with Symbols
Visual Symbolsare representations
of direct reality, which comes in the form of signs and
symbols.
Visual symbols include:
drawings, cartoon, strip drawings, diagrams, formulas, charts, graphics, maps, globes.
Drawings
A drawing may not be the real thing but better to have a concrete visual aid than nothing. To avoid confusion, it is good that our drawing correctly represents the real thing.
One essential skill that the teacher should posses is drawing.
Drawings and sketches• these are crude and
simple lines, which are effective in showing what needs to be shown with sufficient clarity, to make the meaning vivid to the learners or students.
• a very effective way in explaining and showing ideas and concepts
Example:
Sketching
Cartoons
Another useful visual symbol that can bring novelty to our teaching is the cartoon. A first rate cartoon tells its story tells a story metaphorically. The perfect cartoon needs no caption. The less the artist depends on words, the more effective the symbolism. The symbolism conveys the messages.
Example:This cartoon is critical of the so-called carpetbaggers, government agents and others from the North who often took advantage of the South after the American Civil War ended in 1865
CartoonsCartoons- tell stories metaphorically through
pictures, which need no caption. Symbolism conveys message, less words more symbolism the better. The cartoon presents a certain issue or concern which could be either for or against it.• It is a pictorial representation or
caricature of a person, idea, situation or issue that is designed to influence public opinion.
• They must be presented in a challenging manner
Suggestions for the use of cartoons
• Appropriateness to the experience level- the age and the experience or maturity of the target learners must be taken into consideration
• Simplicity- contains only the essential features. The cartoon must not contain so many details.
• Brevity of captions if ever but they may not be given any. Short and direct captions are used when necessary.
• Use of clear symbols. Use symbols that are conventional, like; the dove to mean peace; the owl to mean wisdom or education; the coffin to mean death; the turtle to mean slow or sluggishness and others
• Adequateness of size. The cartoon should be big enough to be seen and appreciated
Posteris a combination of bold designs and color primarily intended to catch attention on a significant fact, idea or message. Simply stated, a poster is a picture with appropriate caption.
Characteristics of a good poster
• It must be bold and simple but dramatizes features• It must be appropriate to the grade level and to the
subjects and purpose or purposes• It must have only limited text, few words are
generally used and key words are made to standout by means of type size or position.
• It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.• Design and color must be given consideration.• It must have the elements of dynamism and shock
Strip Drawings
These are commonly called comics or comic strip. Dale(1969) asserts that a more accurate term is strip drawings. Make use of strips that are educational and entertaining at the same time.
Example:
Where to use drawing as an instruction?These can serve as a motivation and starter of your lesson. It can also be given as an activity for students to express insights gained at the conclusion of a lesson.Sources of drawingYou can obtain strip drawings from newspapers, magazines and books.
Diagrams
It is “any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as a part to the whole, relative values, origins and developments, chronological fluctuations, distribution, etc”.(Dale, 1969)
Example:
Types of diagrams:
Affinity Diagram – used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data into natural and meaningful groups.
Example of Affinity Diagram:
Work environment
Supportive Management
Provide Adequate Equipment
Provide Clean & Cheerful Environment
Good Instruction
Provide Training
Rewards and Recognition
Quick and Appropriate Rewards
Give Recognition where Due
Opportunity for advancement
Adequate salary
Good Benefits
Organizational Philosophy
Communicate organizational Goals
Give Good, clear Directions
Double Goals
Focus on our mission
Remove red tape
Job Focus
Interesting work
Provide Challenging Experiences
Make work Meaningful
Give Responsibility
Effective Responsibility
Affinity diagram of Keeping Employees Motivated
Tree diagram- used to chart out, in increasing details, the various tasks that must be accomplished to complete a project or achieve a specific objective.
To create a work environment where
80-90% of employees are motivated
Improve work environment
Revise supervisory Program
Refurbish all admin. Teachers’ Offices
Improve system of rewards and Recognition
Improve and ensure opportunities for
advancement
Improve salary and benefits
Improve interpersonal environment
Fishbone diagram- it is also called the cause-and-effect diagram. It is most commonly used to analyze work-related problems.
Example of Fishbone Diagram:
Charts
It is diagrammatic representation of relationships among individuals within an organization. We can have a seven types of chart:
1. Time ChartIs a tabular time
chart that presents data in ordinal sequence.
Example of Time Chart:
2. Tree Or Stream ChartDepicts development,
growth and change by beginning with a single course (the trunk) which spread out into many branches; or by beginning with the many tributaries which then converge into a single channel.
Example of Tree Or Stream Chart:
3. Flow ChartIs a visual way of
charting or showing a process from beginning to end. It is a means of analyzing a process.
Example of Flow Chart:START
4. Organizational chartShows how one part of the
organization relates to other parts of the organization.
Example of Organizational Chart:
5. Comparison or Contrast Chart
Used to show similarities and differences between two things.
Example of Contrast Chart
Attributte 1 Name 1 Name 2
Attribute 2
Attribute 3
6. Pareto chartIs a type of bar chart,
prioritized in descending order of magnitude or importance from left to right. It shows at a glance which factors are occurring most.
Example of Pareto chart
Gannt chartIs an activity time
chart
Example of Gannt chart
Graphs
A graphic (such as a chart or diagram) depicting the relationship between two or more variables used, for instance, in visualizing scientific data.Graphs are diagrams (pictures) that can be used to display/compare collected data. They communicate "visually
There are several types of graph:
1. Circle or Pie Graph- recommended for
showing parts of the whole
Example of Pie Graph
food
shelter
water
2. Bar Graph-use in comparing the
magnitude of similar items at different ties or seeing relative sizes of the parts of a whole.
Example of Bar Graph
Enrolment of CTE from 2000-2010
3. Pictorial Graph - makes use of pictorial
symbol.
Example of Pictorial Graph :
4. Line Graph- A line chart or line
graph is a type of graph, which displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments
Example of Line Graph
5. Graphic Organizers- Visual representations of
knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas. Graphic Organizers historically have been organized bits of data in easy-to-understand formats, such as charts, tables, and graphs.
Example of Graphic Organizers
Maps
A map is a representation of the surface of the earth or some parrt of it.
Kinds of Map
Physical Map-combines in a single
projection data like altitude, temperature, rainfall, presipitation, vegetation, and soil
Example of Physical Map
Relief Map- has three dimensional
representations and show contours the physical data of the earth or part of the earth
Example of Relief Map
Commercial or Economic Map-also called product or industrial map since they show land areas in relation to the economy.
Example of Economic MapRegions of the United States Geographers divide the United States into a number of regions that share common features. These regions are defined by similar natural features, such as terrain and climate, or by cultural factors, including shared economic or historical influences.
Political Map-gives detailed information about country, provinces, cities and towns, roads and highways. Oceans, rivers and lakes are the main features of most political maps.
Example of Political Map
Scale- shows how much is the actual earth’s surface is represented by a given measurement of a map.
Map Language
Example Of ScaleThe scale of a map defines the relationship between distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the earth
Symbols- usually a map has a legend that explains what each symbol means
Color
Geographic Grids- The grid lines are called
meridian and parallel.
Examle of Geographic Grids-
Understanding Maps, Graphs, and Charts
Read the titles and the subtitlesRead the key, and/or the legendRead the information shown along the side and the bottom of the graphs and charts and tables, if any.Determine your purpose of reading the map
Summing Up
Like a picture, a graph and all other visual symbols, are worth a thousand words. The proper use of the visual symbols will contribute to the optimum learning.Visual symbol come in many forms. For these visual symbols to be at your finger tips, you ought to be skilled in making them. The collection, preparation and use of these various visual symbols depend on the great extent on your own resourcefulness and creativity. If you used them skillfully, your classroom may turn into a beehive of busy students.
Postscript – A Lot of Visual Symbols at Your Disposal
You may not realize it. But with visual symbols alone, you have an array of teaching materials to choose from. If you decide and commit yourself to using one visual symbol for very lesson, you will keep your teaching crispy and fresh. You must learn how to draw, sketch make diagrams, graphs and charts. The computer can now do the graphs, the charts and some diagrams.
Thank you!!!!!
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