Presented by Ron Budicky and Debra Vieira
TCO Scoring Model for Effective Data Center Solutions
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Debra Vieira has more than 20 years of experience in design of electrical systems for data centers and industrial facilities. As a data center specialist, she has developed recommendations for innovative data center upgrades and improvements and leveraged those innovations facility-wide through her active involvement in the planning, design and commissioning activities required for implementation of advanced mechanical and electrical infrastructures around the world.
Ronald Budicky has 28 years of experience in electrical engineering. He has served as a lead electrical engineer on many mission critical advanced technology facilities including data centers considered among the most advanced in the world. His vast knowledge of facility optimization is the product of his extensive experience in all aspects of facility design including programming, concept development, schematic design, design development, and construction documents.
Team BIOs
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AGENDA
• Key factors that impact the TCO Scoring Model
• Review of TCO Scoring Model Process
• TCO Scoring Form
• Conclusion
• Questions
TCO Overview and Key Factors
Significant number of decisions
Many times analysis is based on cost alone, ignoring other important subjective factors, which all too often can lead to a facility that does not perform as expected.
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What is the TCO Scoring Model
TIER?
TECHNOLOGYTOPOLOGY
COST
NEXT STEP
SCALABLE MODULAR
Establishing overall cost is the first and most basic component of the model development.
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TCO Scoring Model Factors
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0 5 10 15
M$
/ MW
IT (U
SD)
MW IT Capacity
Construction Costs: ~Tier 3 – M$/MW IT
What is your decision process?– Install Cost– Energy Usage– Reliability– Scalability– Total Cost of Ownership
This is an incomplete decision-making approach.
There is a need for a more rigorous analysis of the many design and operational component
options than a simple TCO model can provide.
What is the TCO Scoring Model
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What about:– Simplicity of Scalability– Construction Impacts &
Lead Times– Flexibility for future
technologies & increased densities
– Sustainability beyond energy
– Vendor support through the life cycle of the facility or product
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We will evaluate these decisions within a collaborative, constructive, inclusive and interactive
framework that clients often find quite effective.
Additional Components of TCO Analysis
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What is the TCO Scoring Model
The TCO scoring model is a tool that allows you to take
into account all parts of a design to give you a probable
cost of construction to enable clients to make a decision on
how to move forward. This includes capital and operating
costs of systems selected.
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Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model
Facility’s Unique Functional Technology and Enhancing Reliability
– Scale (MW/Cost)– Electrical Topology Choices (Complexity vs.
Cost)– Flexibility and Expandability– Cooling Approaches– Location (Construction Labor, Land Cost)– Buyout Approaches (GC@Risk, Cost)
• Equipment & Contractors• Cost + Open Book
– Technology Choices– Eliminate Single Points of Failure– Fail Small Approach– Commissioning
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Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model
Rapid Prototyping
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12
Factors Considered in the TCO Scoring Model
Rapid Prototyping
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1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
DX Chiller (noecon)
Waterside Indirect Airside Direct Airside plus HE Elec plus ElevatedTemps
plus chillerless
PUE
(App
roxi
mat
e)
13
PUE Approach for TCO Scoring Model
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TCO Analysis
15
SL-01 2N SINGLE LINE
Mech Loads
Mech Loads
LB
STS
LBFA/LSS/SEC
vv
PDU PDUPDU PDUPDU PDU
UPS STSUPS
1 .1MWN
1.1 MWN
LB LB
Utility A Utility B
STSUPS
1.1 MWN
STSUPS
1.1 MWN
PDU PDU PDU PDU
2N
UPS
Key: Green-Phase 1Gray-Phase 2
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SL-02 N+1 SINGLE LINE
MechLoads
STSUPSN
UPSN Mech
Loads
UPSN+1
STS STS STS STS
PDUPDUPDUPDU
PDUPDUPDUPDU
PDUPDUPDUPDU
PDUPDUPDUPDU
1.1 MWTypical
N+1
Utility A Utility B
Key: Green-Phase 1Gray-Phase 2
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17
SL-03 ISO/STS SINGLE LINE
To B SideSTS/PDU
To A SideSTS/PDU
MechLoadsUPS
FA/LSS/SEC
MechLoads
UPS STS
To Phase 3UPS STS
UPS STSSTSUPS
1.1 MWN
1.1 MWN+1
1.1 MWN
STS
PDU
STS
PDU
To “B”Bus
To “B”Bus
STS
PDU
STS
PDU
To ”A”Bus
To “A”Bus
ISOKey: Green-Phase 1Gray-Phase 2
Utility BUtility A
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UPS Technology Efficiency Comparison
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Year Load Part Load (1100 kW)
Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) Energy Cost UPS Maintenance Battery maintenance (1100 kW) Total (1100 kW)
0
1 257 23% 89.5% 0.076 $2,500 $11,000 $13,500
2 679 62% 92.1% 0.079 $2,575.00 $11,330.00 $13,905
3 834 76% 92.1% 0.081 $2,652.25 $11,669.90 $14,322
4 920 84% 91.9% 0.083 $2,731.82 $12,020.00 $14,752
5 1007 92% 91.7% 0.086 $2,813.77 $12,380.60 $15,194
6 1104 50% 91.9% 0.088 $2,898.19 $12,752.01 $15,650
7 1216 55% 92.0% 0.091 $2,985.13 $13,134.58 $16,120
8 1350 61% 92.1% 0.094 $3,074.68 $13,528.61 $16,603
9 1517 69% 92.1% 0.097 $3,166.93 $13,934.47 $17,101
10 1735 79% 92.0% 0.099 $3,261.93 $14,352.51 $17,614
11 2027 92% 91.7% 0.102 $3,359.79 $14,783.08 $18,143
12 2171 99% 91.5% 0.106 $3,460.58 $15,226.57 $18,687
13 2371 72% 92.1% 0.109 $3,564.40 $15,683.37 $19,248
14 2572 78% 92.0% 0.112 $3,671.33 $16,153.87 $19,825
15 2772 84% 91.9% 0.115 $3,781.47 $16,638.49 $20,420
Notes:2014 Energy Rate: $0.074/kW-hrTotal load extended linearly past year 11
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UPS TCO Scoring Factors
Breakdown SL-01 SL-02 SL-03
Tier 4 Tier 3 Tier 3
0.8HRS/YR (99.99%) 1.6HRS/YR (99.98%) 1.6HRS/YR (99.98%)
2N UPS N+1 (SCC) ISO RED /STS
(M$) (M$/MW) (M$) (M$/MW) (M$) (M$/MW)
1 MW IT 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3
2 MW IT 5.2 2.6 4.7 2.4 4.7 2.4
4 MW IT 10.4 2.6 9.4 2.4 9.4 2.4
Note: Costs are based on use of 20 year VRLA at 15 min EOL
Note: Costs are based on system from Substation level down to panel/PDU for distribution
Note: Tiers and reliability numbers above (unplanned failures-downtime/yr. & % availability) are based on Uptime Institute
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Summary of Electrical UPS Power Options
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UPS Options – Initial Capital Outlay
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
1 MW IT 2 MW IT 4 MW IT
M$
UPS Options - Initial Capital Outlay
2N UPS
N+1 (SCC)
ISO RED /STS
Given:2 MW Critical Load @ Full Build Out @15 Min VRLA @20 years
1100 kW Modules Load Running Hours AnnualQuantity kW (ea.) Total Full Energy Cost Peak Energy
1IT Load 1 257 257 8,760 $171,759 $171,759 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 27 27 8,760 $18,035 $18,035 UPS Subtotal $189,793 $189,793
2IT Load 1 679 679 8,760 $467,041 $467,041 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 54 54 8,760 $36,896 $36,896 UPS Subtotal $503,937 $503,937
3IT Load 1 834 834 8,760 $590,879 $590,879 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 66 66 8,760 $46,679 $46,679 UPS Subtotal $637,559 $637,559
4IT Load 1 920 920 8,760 $671,510 $671,510 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 75 75 8,760 $54,392 $54,392 UPS Subtotal $725,902 $725,902
12IT Load 1 2,171 2,171 8,760 $2,006,108 $2,006,108 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 184 184 8,760 $170,519 $170,519 UPS Subtotal $2,176,627 $2,176,627
13IT Load 1 2,371 2,371 8,760 $2,257,198 $2,257,198 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 187 187 8,760 $178,319 $178,319 UPS Subtotal $2,435,516 $2,435,516
14IT Load 1 2,572 2,572 8,760 $2,521,547 $2,521,547 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 206 206 8,760 $201,724 $201,724 UPS Subtotal $2,723,271 $2,723,271
15IT Load 1 2,772 2,772 8,760 $2,799,727 $2,799,727 Normal Mode Efficiency (1100 kW) 1 225 225 8,760 $226,778 $226,778 UPS Subtotal $3,026,504 $3,026,504
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Energy & Cost Analysis by UPS/Battery Option (1100 kW)
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Battery TCO Scoring Factors
Assumptions:1. Prices below are based on single 1100kW UPS module.2. Building Cost per sqft: 150.00$ 3. Inflation rate for annual maintenance: 3%4. Annual discount rate: 5.0%5. Additional costs for 10 yr VRLA technology include battery monitoring (factory wired).6. Additional costs for 20 yr VRLA technology include battery monitoring field wired. No rack or cabinet for "stackable" jars.7. Additional costs for Wet cell technology include disconnect, and spill containment (at $150/SF of rack footprint per vendor quote).8. Install costs for 20 yr VRLA and 20 yr. Wet cell = 20% of battery cost+additional cost, 10 yr VRLA install costs = 15% due to cabinet vs. rack and factory installed battery monitoring.Budgetary information from vendors
Type TimeVRLA 10yr 10 min. 10 min. VRLA 10yr 4 60.4 $0 384 $57,600 $27,000 $35,000 $119,600 $180,000 $108,000 3-5 years 3,510.00$ 5 17,550.00$ VRLA 10yr 15 min. 15 min. VRLA 10yr 6 90.7 $0 576 $86,400 $31,500 $50,000 $167,900 $210,000 $126,000 3-5 years 3,510.00$ 6 21,060.00$ VRLA 10yr 20 min. 20 min. VRLA 10yr 6 90.7 $0 768 $115,200 $41,400 $70,000 $226,600 $276,000 $165,600 3-5 years 3,510.00$ 8 28,080.00$
VRLA 20yr 10 min. 10 min. VRLA 20yr 4 60.4 $0 480 $72,000 $64,200 $70,000 $206,200 $321,000 $192,600 12-15 years 5,500.00$ 2 11,000.00$ VRLA 20yr 15 min. 15 min. VRLA 20yr 5 75.6 $0 720 $108,000 $71,000 $70,000 $249,000 $355,000 $213,000 12-15 years 5,500.00$ 2 11,000.00$ VRLA 20yr 20 min. 20 min. VRLA 20yr 6 90.7 $0 960 $144,000 $97,420 $70,000 $311,420 $487,100 $292,260 12-15 years 5,500.00$ 2 11,000.00$
Wet Cell 10 min. 10 min. Wet Cell 5 202.5 $15,000 600 $90,000 $37,400 $163,875 $291,275 $187,000 $112,200 12-15 years 8,500.00$ 1 8,500.00$ Wet Cell 15 min. 15 min. Wet Cell 5 202.5 $30,000 900 $135,000 $43,000 $163,875 $341,875 $215,000 $129,000 12-15 years 8,500.00$ 1 8,500.00$ Wet Cell 20 min. 20 min. Wet Cell 5 202.5 $30,000 1200 $180,000 $50,000 $163,875 $393,875 $250,000 $150,000 12-15 years 8,500.00$ 2 17,000.00$
Battery # cabinets or racks
Rack/Cabinet Area (FT²)
QuoteBuilding CostRoom AreaRack/Cabinet Cost
Install CostFull Name
Initial Annual
Total Install
Additional Cost
Replacement Cost
Replacement Time PM Service per string
Number of Strings
UPS Install Cost Battery Cost Number of Units Battery Replacement
2N UPS $5,200,000 $355,000 4 $852,000
N+1 (SCC) $4,700,000 $355,000 3 $639,000
ISO RED/STS $4,700,000 $355,000 3 $639,000
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Maintenance Cost Analysis by Option
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Battery Options (Pros & Cons)
Pros Cons
10 yr. VRLA
Less Maintenance Shorter Life, 3-5 Yr. Replacement
Less Gassing 10 Year Design Life
Safer to handle, electrolytes are contained, do not corrode. Fails Open
No Spill Containment Needed Less Heat TolerantLess Space Required Battery Monitoring System
Lowest First Cost Thermal RunawayHigher Power Density
20 yr. VRLA
Less Maintenance Fails Open
Less Gassing Less Heat Tolerant
Safer to handle, electrolytes are contained, do not corrode. Higher First Cost
No Spill Containment Needed Battery Monitoring SystemLess Space Required Thermal Runaway
Longer Life, 12 to 15 Yr. Replacement
Higher Power Density
Wet Cells
Longer Life, 12 to 15 Yr. Replacement Requires H2 gas monitoring and ventilation to exhaust H2 gas emitted during charge
Warning Before Failure Higher Maintenance Required
Middle Cost More hazardous to handle due to acid electrolyte
More Heat Tolerant Spill Containment Required
No Battery Monitoring Required More Space RequiredLower Power Density
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Battery TCO @ 1100kW
Inflation: 3%Annual Discount Rate: 5.0%
15 min. Wet Cell
YEAR DESCRIPTION Cost Running Total
Annual Discount Rate 5.0%
Initial cost of investment $215,000 $215,000
Racks $30,000 $245,000
0 Total Install Cost $341,875 $586,875
1 Annual Maintenance - yr. 1 $8,500 $594,970
2 Annual Maintenance - yr. 2 $8,755 $602,911
3 Annual Maintenance - yr. 3 $9,018 $610,701
4 Annual Maintenance - yr. 4 $9,288 $618,342
5 Annual Maintenance - yr. 5 $9,567 $625,838
6 Annual Maintenance - yr. 6 $9,854 $633,191
7 Annual Maintenance - yr. 7 $10,149 $640,404
8 Annual Maintenance - yr. 8 $10,454 $647,480
9 Annual Maintenance - yr. 9 $10,768 $654,421
10 Annual Maintenance - yr. 10 $11,091 $661,230
11 Annual Maintenance - yr. 11 $11,423 $667,909
12Annual Maintenance - yr. 12 plus Total String Replacement cost $140,766 $746,292
13 Annual Maintenance - yr. 13 $12,119 $752,719
14 Annual Maintenance - yr. 14 $12,483 $759,024
15 Annual Maintenance - yr. 15 $12,857 $765,208
15 min. Wet Cell $765,208
15 min. VRLA 20 $860,431
15 min. VRLA 10 $900,876
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Battery 15 Year Total Cost of Ownership - 1100kW
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
$900,000
$1,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Battery 15 Year Total Cost of Ownership - 1100kW
15 min. Wet Cell
15 min. VRLA 10yr
15 min. VRLA 20yr
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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Analysis by UPS/Battery Option
Running Total Option 1 DESCRIPTION5.0% Annual Discount Rate
$5,200,000 $5,200,000 Initial Cost: UPS & Battery$5,393,613 $203,293 Annual Operating Cost Year 1$5,862,943 $517,437 Annual Operating Cost Year 2$6,425,353 $651,059 Annual Operating Cost Year 3$7,033,661 $739,402 Annual Operating Cost Year 4$7,686,678 $833,434 Annual Operating Cost Year 5$8,386,322 $937,590 Annual Operating Cost Year 6$9,140,106 $1,060,649 Annual Operating Cost Year 7$9,958,909 $1,209,746 Annual Operating Cost Year 8
$10,860,242 $1,398,263 Annual Operating Cost Year 9$11,870,421 $1,645,476 Annual Operating Cost Year 10$13,029,826 $1,982,976 Annual Operating Cost Year 11$14,723,797 $3,042,127 Annual Operating Cost Year 12$16,022,562 $2,449,016 Annual Operating Cost Year 13$17,404,818 $2,736,771 Annual Operating Cost Year 14$18,867,112 $3,040,004 Annual Operating Cost Year 15
2N UPS
$18,867,112 Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
Option 2:
Total Cost of Operation
Estimated Initial Capital Cost
$13,667,112
$5,200,000
Notes:1) Battery replacement at Year 12
Given:2MW Critical Load @ Full Build Out @15 Min VRLA @20 years
Option 1:
Option UPSTotal Cost of
OperationEstimated Initial
Capital CostTotal Cost of
Ownership (TCO)
1 2N UPS $13,667,112 $5,200,000 $18,867,112
2 N+1 (SCC) $13,548,506 $4,700,000 $18,248,506
3 ISO RED/STS $13,548,506 $4,700,000 $18,248,506
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TCO Summary
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UPS System Annual TCO Comparison (15 Year Period)
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
$16,000,000
$18,000,000
$20,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TCO
in N
PV
UPS System Annual TCO Comparison (15 Year Period)
2N UPS
N+1 (SCC)
ISO RED/STS
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TCO Scoring FormOption Evaluation Document - Data Centers Project
Key Decision Number: KD-014A KD-014A KD-014AKey Decision Description: 2N
(SL-01)Parallel Redundant
N+1(SL-02)
Iso-Redundant w/STS(SL-03)
Key Decision Sub-Option Number: 1 2 3Option Scoring Score Score Score1 Fatal Flaw? No No No2 Safety: 10 10 10 should be no difference3a TCO NPV: (Based on 2MW IT load) 18,867,112 18,248,506 18,248,506 3b TCO Score: 7 8 8 Based Lower to Higher score based on cost4 Cost Containable within Established Budget? Yes Yes Yes5 Enables Competitive Bidding 9 9 96 Provides a Concurrently Maintainable Solution 10 10 107 No single points of failure 10 10 108 Meets desired resiliency level (i.e. Tier) 10 10 109A Risk Avoidance: Technology (extent proven for application) 9 8 8 Scored 2N highest based on clients past use9B Risk Avoidance: Data Center Reliability 9 8 8 Scored 2N highest based on clients past use9C Risk Avoidance: Construction Schedule Delay from Baseline 8 8 810 Sustainability (other than energy) 8 8 811 Scalable in Appropriate Increments in a Non-Intrusive / Low-Risk Fashion 10 9 912 Flexibility for Future Changes 10 10 1013 Supportive of High Density Needs 9 9 914A Vendor support capability throughout facility lifecycle (consider long term viability of vendor) N/A N/A N/A N/A14B Vendor is acceptable to Client N/A N/A N/A N/A15 Supportive of Client IT Operations 10 9 8 Scored 2N highest based on clients past use
- Supportive of Legacy IT equipment voltages 10 10 10- Supportive of Future IT equipment voltages 10 10 10- Supportive of IT additions/changes without Electrically Energized Work (EEW) 9 9 9
16 Positive Effect on Site Environment (aesthetically pleasing, mitigated acoustics) 8 8 89 8 8 Adjustments made based on Pro's/Con's listed below
Decision Made/Basis for Decision: Client has a combination of 2N and Parallel redundant UPS systems. The idea of executing a 2N system is very intriguing to client based on their present operation and familiarity with this type of system. Option 1 favors clients present operational conditions and minimizes the impact of human error. The cost of the initial system is also in line with clients budget. See pro's & con's matrix below.
Recommendation from Workgroup: Proceed with This Option 175 171 170 Proceed with Option 1 (2N)
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Conclusion
A true TCO is a thorough analysis taking into account all the factors affecting design, construction, maintenance and support throughout the life cycle of the facility.
– Site– Facility Architecture– Technology– Electrical Topology– Mechanical Cooling– Install Cost– Energy Usage– Sustainability– Reliability– Scalability– Maintenance– Vendor Support
Total Cost of Ownership
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Questions
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Thank You
Debra [email protected]
Ronald [email protected]
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