Taxonomy/Bacteria/VirusesCh. 17/18
Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity
Section 1: The History of Classification
Section 2: Modern Classification
Section 3: Domains and Kingdoms
17.1 The History of Classification
Biologists use a system of classification to organize information about the diversity of living things.
Aristotle developed the first widely acceptedsystem of biological classification.(Plants vs. animal)
17.1 The History of Classification Caroleus Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy.
Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms, called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts.
The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.
Biologists use scientific names for species because common names vary in their use.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Ursus americanusAmerican black bear
17.1 The History of ClassificationChapter 17
Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key consists of a series of
choices that lead the user to the correct identification of an organism
Shark ws Cups lab
17.1 The History of Classification The taxonomic categories used by scientists are part of a nested-hierarchal system.
Domain (fish, spiders, mushroom, cats) Kingdom (fish, spiders, cats) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Terms Taxon (taxa) – named group of
organisms Genus – group of species that share a
common ancestor
An order contains related families. (carnivora: bear, human
A class contains related orders. Mammalia: bear, human, cow
A phylum or division contains related classes. Vertebrata: bear, human, fish, cow
The taxon of related phyla or divisions is a kingdom. (Animalia: bear, human, spider, butterfly, fish, cow
The domain is the broadest of all the taxa and contains one or more kingdoms. Example: Black Bear
Eukarya: bear, human, spider, lichen, butterfly, fish, cow
A family is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genera. (Ursidae: polar bears, panda, black
Genus: closely related species: Ursus: American Black, Sloth, Asiatic black Species: Ursus americanas: American Black Bear
Pneumonic Device Did King Phillip Come Over For Green
Soup? Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus, Species
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain.
The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
1. Domain Bacteria- Eubacteria (prokaryotes) are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments.
black death
Photosynthetic eubacteria
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EubacteriaArchaebacteria
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Bacteria and Viruses
18.1 Bacteria
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms2. Domain Archaea- are thought to be more ancient than bacteria and yet more closely related to our eukaryote ancestors.
-They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments.
3. Domain Eukarya- All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya.
Domain Eukarya contains Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Animalia…bacteria and archaea are missing
Protists and fungi Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can
be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.
A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms
Bacterial Growth Could you design an experiment to
determine the success of antibiotics versus bacterial growth? How?
Do drugs resist bacteria?
17.3 Domains and Kingdoms A virus is a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Viruses do not possess cells, nor are they cells, and are not considered to be living.
Because they are nonliving, they usually are not placed in the biological classification system.
18.2 Viruses and Prions 1st virus must enter a host cell using
receptors on the plasma membrane 2nd The virus releases its genetic material
into the hosts cytoplasm or the entire virus enters
3rd the virus uses the bacteria’s remarkable reproducing ability to spread like wildfire
Malaria?
Test Topics 9 short answer questions Classification system Dichotomous Key Taxonomic categories Domains Bacteria and antibiotics Viruses and Prions Eukarya kingdoms Organization Bacteria types
How to do well on the Test Read your Book!! 17-1 review assignment
› P 507 1-6, 8 17-3 review assignment
› P 508 27-29, 31-32Bacteria review assignment
P 535 6,7,9Questions – How do viruses work? Go through step by step and be able to explain it.
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