Table of Contents Allah s prophet After Muhammads death The
different confessions of Islam The Islamic faith Faith articles
Relationship with other religions Judaism Christianity
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Il profeta di Allah Muhammad (Muhmmad, priseworthy 570-632
d.C.), born in Mecca Bedouin provenience At the age of 40 he
started to have religious visions and to proclaim Allahs faith
Allah (in in Arab: , Allh) is the word throughout which God defines
himself in Koran He gains popularity in the middle and poor class
while finds opposition in the merchant class The local population,
threatened economically by the adoption of a monotheistic religion
make him leave He escapes to Yatrib in 622 a.d. : the Islamic
calendar begins Mecca is newfound His preaching is diffused by
Caliphs who contribute to the expansion of Islam
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After Muhammads death Three different types of orientation
Prophets fellows: the caliph (khaliffa succession) must be picked
between the first followers of the prophet Legitimists: they
refused the preceding principle, they wanted to pick one of the
closest relatives of the prophet Omayades: esponents of the richer
class of the city (Mecca), they wanted to decide who to pick
between their members The first two caliphs (Abu Bakr e Omar)
belong to the first group, the third, Utman, gets killed by Al,
Muhammads cousin and brother in law Schism: election of an
anti-caliph (Muawiya, from Omayades), 655 d.C. Sciites literaly Als
party Sunnites Muawiyas party
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The different confessions of Islam Sunnites 83% of Muslims; the
governments funds on the popular consensus, with the mediation of
the Caliph. Apparently do not support extremism. Wahhabiti; the
more extreme faction of the Sunnites Sciites 10% of Muslims. The
Imam rules, a successor of Al. They represent the most radical and
intolerant group. They exalt the value of martyrdom. All the Muslim
people observe Kuran and the 5 pillars: the shahadah (creed), (2)
daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during
Ramadan and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). However several
divisions came out after the dispute in determining the first
Caliph
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The Islamic faith The Islamic faith is centred on Allah, unique
god, creator and judge, compassionate and selfless Social religion:
the observance of the rules is worthier than the personal
experience Sharia: means route, indicates a law or a ritual rule
and corresponds to gods will Sources: Kuran: reunites all the
revelations god gave Muhammad; it is divided in 114 sure Sunna :
oral transmission of prophets deeds
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Faith articles Believe in Allah, only creator and judge, guide
and support, preserver and destroyer, selfless and benevolent
Believe in the existence of the angels, supernatural creatures,
made of light Believe in the books: the Kuran is the integral text
of the truth of Islam Believe in the prophetic mission of Muhammads
and his predecessor Believe in the life after death and in
predestination
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Islam and Judaism Islam pretends to be the last revelation, and
therefore, the final monotheistic religions Islam incorporates
Jewish history in its own Moses is considered a prophet There are
Judaic references in Kuran Both consider Abraham a prophet Both
considered their texts as revelations They have in common
principles of charity and fasting Food laws (some foods are
prohibited) Idolatry is strictly forbidden The concept of original
sin is not taken into consideration
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Islam and Christianity They both are monotheistic religions
According to Muslims Jesus is a prophet but not a god Abraham is
considered a prophet God is creator of man whose goal is to reach a
final state of love Different interpretation of life after death
The Kuran is the writing of gods will directly while the New
testament is filtered In the Islamic religion theres a closer bond
between social law and religion