T
I
S
S
U
E
S
Tissues4 main tissue types
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue
Differ in size, shape of cells, amount and kind of fluid between cells & in special function they perform to help maintain body survival
Pg 35 Table 2-2 4 tissue types & subtypes w/ location and primary function
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Covers body & many parts
Lines parts of body
Little to no interlocking material so forms continuous sheets that contain NO blood vessels
Epithelial Tissue
Classification of shape and arrangement
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar
simple squamous simple cuboidal simple columnar
stratified pseudostratified
Pg 37 fig 2-7
Classified by Shape of Cells• Squamous flat
• Cuboidal cube
• Columnar column
Classified by Arrangement of Cells• Simple: single layer
• Stratified: many layers of same shape
• Transitional: several layers of differing shapes
Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells
Fx. Absorption, Diffusion
Single layer
Scale like
Substances pass through easily
Ex. alveolar sacs in lungs (gas exchange)
Pg 36 fig 2-8
lining of blood
& lymphatic
vessels
Stratified Squamous Epithelial CellsFx ProtectionSeveral layersClosely packedEx. Skin surface (epidermis), mucus membranes(prevents cracks, chapping, cuts, etc that decrease protection & allow for invasion of microorganisms
Pg 37 fig 2-9
Lining of mouth & esophagus
Simple Columnar Epithelial CellsFx absorption, secretion (protection)
•Line inner surface of stomach, intestines, some respiratory & reproductive tracts
•Single Layer, higher than wide
•Nucleoli located towards bottom of cell
•Openings are special GOBLET cells
that produce mucus moisture/protection
Pg 38 fig 2-10
Stratified Transitional Epithelial Cells Fx protection
•Found in areas subject to stress, able to stretch
•Ex. Wall of bladder (10 layers of cuboidal cells w/out stretching
•Expand epithelial sheet when bladder full decreased cell layerstransitional (change shape flat
•Prevents bladder from tearing
Pg 38 fig 2-11
Glandular Epithelial Cells•Specialized for secretions
•Function singularly or in clusters called glands
•Hormones from Thyroid & Pituitary gland secretions go into ducts, blood, body surface. salivary glands saliva, digestive juices , sweat, etc,
Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Cells
•Single layer
•Cube Shaped
•Glands, ducts, kidney tubules
•Limited protection &/or secretion
•Absorption
Pseduostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells
•Lining of nasal cavity, bronchi and trachea
•Protection and secretioncilia
Connective Tissue
•Most abundant, widely distributed tissue type in body
•Most varied forms
•Found in skin membranes, muscles, bones, nerves, internal organs
•Delicate & thin to hold internal organs together & give them shape
•Strong & tough cords, rigid bones & blood
Connective Tissue Functions
•Connects tissues to each other & forms supporting framework for body & organs
•As blood, transports substances through body
•Some protect vs microbes
Connective vs Epithelial Tissue
Differ in
• arrangement & variety of cells
•Amount & kinds of intercellular material (matrix) found between cells
•Fibers also present
Structural quality & appearance of matrix (intercellular material) & fibers determines qualities or each type of connective tissue
Ex. Matrix in blood liquid
Matrix in cartilage firm rubber
Matrix in bone hard, rigid
Matrix in tendons/ligaments strong, flexible
Major Types of Connective Tissue in Body
Areolar Connective Tissue
Adipose/Fat Tissue
Fibrous Connective Tissue
Bone & Cartilage
Blood & Hemopoietic Tissue
1. Areolar Connective Tissue
• Most widely distributed
• Glue gives form to internal organs
• Delicate fiber webs
• Loose matrix of soft sticky gel
2. Adipose or Fat Tissue
• Specialized to store lipids
• Many spaces in tissue so FAT can accumulate inside cells
Pg 39 fig 2-12
3. Fibrous Connective Tissue
• Bundles of strong white collagenous fibers in parallel rows
• Compose tendons
• Provides strength & non stretching, anchor muscle to bones
Pg 40 fig 2-13
4.Bone and Cartilage
Bone Matrix
• Hard & calcified
• Forms many structural building blocks Haversian Systems
• Microscopically, circular arrangements of calcified matrix. Serves as storage area for Ca support & protection
Pg 41 fig 2-14
Cartilage Matrix
•Matrix firm plastic, gristle like gel
•Cartilage cells chondrocytes in tiny spaces throughout matrix
Pg 41 fig 2-15
5. Blood & Hemopoietic Tissue
• Blood: liquid, transport & protective function RBC’s, WBC’s, PLTS, etc
• Hemopoietic Tissue: found in marrow cavities or bones, organs, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes
• Responsible for formation of blood cells & lymphatic system stem cells important in defense
Pg 42 fig 2-16
Muscle Tissue
•3 kinds.
•Specialized in contractions function that produces many kinds of movements in body
1. Skeletal
(striated voluntary muscle)
•Attaches to bones
•Cross striations
•Contractions voluntary
Pg 43 fig 2-17
2. Cardiac Muscle
(striated involuntary muscle)•Composes wall of heart
•Cross striations
•Contractions (usually) can’t be controlled
Pg 43 fig 2-18
3. Visceral Muscle
(nonstriated smooth [involuntary] muscle)
•Helps form walls of blood vessels, intestines,
•Cells appear smooth, w/o cross striations
•Contractions (usually) can’t be controlled pg 44 fig 2-19
Nervous TissueFunction: Rapid communication between body structures & control of body functions
2 kinds of cells
Nerve Cells neurons, functional conducting units of system
Neuroglia special connecting & supporting cells pg 44 fig 2-20
axon
dendrites
Top Related