AROMATICS&
DOWN STREAM PROCESS
T.K.BASAKGM(PC)
IOCL-RHQ
AROMATIC COMPLEX
• PX - ParaXylene
• PTA - Purified Terephthalic Acid( 1-4 Benzene Dicarboxylic Acid)
CH3
CH3
COOH
COOH
PX COMPLEX
NHTU
RAF. NAPHTHA
HYDROGEN
LPG
BENZENE
BENZENE & XYLENE
HY AROMATICS
O & M XYLENES
C9 AROM.
MIXEDXYLENES
C7- STREAMS
PX
CCRU
SULFOLANE BTF TATORAY
ISOMARPAREXXFUREFORMATE
HEART CUTNAPHTHA
TOLUENE
BZ & TOL.
MIXED XYLENES
PX Complex - Block Flow Diagram
Units in PXWhole complex divided into two blocks.PX-1
Naptha HydroTreater, Platformer/CCR UnitPSA, Recovery plus UnitBenzen Toluene Fractionation (BTF)Shell Sulfolane Unit (SSU),
PX-2Xylene Fractionation UnitParex UnitIsomar UnitTatoray Unit
PX-COMPLEXUNIT PURPOSE
NAPHTHA SPLITTER :- AT MATHURA
- AT PANIPATNAPHTHA HYDROTREATER/CCR PLATFORMER
XYLENE FRACTIONATION UNIT Splitting of the reformate i.e. separation of C6/C7 from C8+ streams to generate mixed xylenes
BENZENE/TOLUENE FRACTIONATION AND SULFOLANE EXTRACTION UNITS
Production of high purity benzene and toluene (to be used as secondary feedstock for increasing PX production)
PAREX For recovery of high purity Para-xylene from mixture of C8 aromatic isomers
ISOMER UNITFor re-establishing equilibrium mixture of isomers in the PAREX unit raffinate to improve the yield of Para-xylene
TATORAY UNITFor disproportionation and trans-alkylation of Toluene alongwith C9 aromatics for maximizing Para-xylene
Splitting of 110-165 Deg.C naphtha to arrive at the heart cut naphtha as feedstock for PX
Catalytic reforming of naphtha to enrich the aromatic precursors
PX BLOCK UNIT CAPACITYUNIT CAPACITY - KTA
NAPHTHA HYDROTREATING 500CCR 500
SHELL SULFOLANE EXTRACTION 152.2BTF 379.8
PAREX 2025.4XFU 481.7
TATORAY 360.2ISOMER 1656.5
Hydrotreated Naphthato CCR Platforming Unit
Light Endsto Fuel
StripperSeparator
SourWater
Make-upHydrogen
Water
NaphthaFeed
Feed Surge Drum
Heater
Reactor
NAPHTHA HYDROTREATING UNIT
FLOW DIAGRAM
NAPHTHA HYDROTREATING UNIT
FLOW DIAGRAM
CCR PLATFORMING UNIT FLOW DIAGRAM
CatalyseRegenerator
StackedReactor
Fresh Feed fromNaphtha Hydrotreater
Feed/ EffluentExchanger
Net Gas Recontacting Section
FreshCatalyst Fired Heaters
Reformate Productto Reformate Splitter
Debutanizer
Steam
Unstabilised LPG
Net HydrogenProduct
Note : Flue Gas from the convection sections of the fired heaters is typically used to generate high pressure steam. However, other heat integration options are available.
Recontacting Drum Chloride Treater
Benzene fromTatoray Unit
Reformate SplitterOverhead
Feed Surge Drum
Extractor
Raffinate Productto storage
AntiFoam
RaffinateWash Column
Steam
Stripper
MEA
Recovery Column
To Ejector
Extract to ClayTreaters in BT Frac. Unit
Steam
Steam
SolventRegenerator
Steam
Intermittent
WaterStripper
Make-upSolvent
SULPHOLANE UNIT FLOW DIAGRAM
SULPHOLANE UNIT FLOW DIAGRAM
Toluene ColumnBenzene Column
BenzeneProduct toStorageClay Treaters
Clay TreaterCharge Tank
RecoveryColumnOverheadsfrom Sulfolaneunit
HP Steam
Finishing ColumnOverheads fromParex unit
Stripper Bottoms from Tatoray Unit
16 ATA
Benzene Drag
C8+ aromatics toClay Treater Feed Heater at Xylene Fractionation Unit
Toluene to Feed SurgeDrum at Tatoray unit
BENZENE TOLUENE FRACTIONATION UNIT
PAREX UNIT FLOW DIAGRAMPAREX UNIT
FLOW DIAGRAM
Toluene to Tatoray Unit
Rotary Valve
Desorbent Surge Drum
Pump Out toTankage
DesorbentMake up
Heavies to Fuel Oil(Interm ittent)
S team
Raffinate to Isomar Unit
Raffinate Surge Drum
XyleneSplitterOverhead
Xy leneSplitterOverhead
Extract
Extrac t Column
FinishingColumn
p-XyleneProduct to S torage
Steam
24
131
12
Fixed fromXylene SplitterOverhead(via Isomar Unit)
W ater Injec tion
LineFlush
Seco
ndar
y Fl
ush
Des
orbe
nt
Parex Adsorbent Section
HeadFlush
Pusharound
FR
AR
FRC
D
EX
R
Hi
F
R
12
1 13
24PRC
HeadFlush
HeadFlush
HeadFlush
Ho
PRC
Pumparound
RV
Make-up Hydrogen fromTatoray or Platforming
Heater
ReactorSeparator
Parex Reffinate fromRaff. Surge Drum
Purge gas
Clay Treater
Dehepanizer Bottomsto Xylene Splitter
XyleneSplitterOverhead
DeheptanizerOvhd Liquid toPlatforming unitDebutanizer
Light Ends toFuel gas System
ISOMAR UNIT FLOW DIAGRAMISOMAR UNIT FLOW DIAGRAM
Toluene fromParex unit
C9 Aromaticsfrom A9 Column
Toluene fromToluene Column
Heater
ReactorSeparator
Feed Surge Drum
Recycle Gas
Purge Gas toIsomar Unit
Stripper
to Clay Treaters inBT Fractionation Unit Steam
Benzene to Sulfolane Unit
Ovhd Liquid to Platforming UnitDebutaniser
Liquid end tofuel gas system
BenzeneColumn
Make-up Hydrogenfrom Platforming unit
TATORAY UNIT FLOW DIAGRAMTATORAY UNIT FLOW DIAGRAM
PX Complex - Products(In Tons Per Annum)
CASE BOMBAY HIGH NAPHTHA
BONNY LIGHT NAPHTHA
FEED RATE 500,000 500,000 PRODUCTS
Paraxylene 361600 364200 Benzene 24100 32500 Raffinate Naphtha 26100 31000 Net H2 Rich gas 28000 35700 LPG 15000 12600 Light Ends 31000 14300 Heavies 14200 4700 Total 500,000 500,000
PTA
PTA PROCESS
1ST STAGE- OXIDATION PROCESSPARAXYLENE + OXYGEN = TA + H2O+HEAT
REACTION TAKES PLACE IN PRESENCE OF CATALYST & SOLVENT.
HEAT LIBERATION = 3000 KCALS/KG OF PX
P-XYLENE PARATOUALDEHYDE
PARATOLUIC ACID4-CARBOXY BENZALDEHYDE
TA
CH3
CH3
COOH
COOH
Com
pres
sed
Air
COOH
CHO
H2COOH
COOH
PARAXYLENE+ Acetic Acid
PA COMPRESSOR
CTA DRYER
PTA DRYER
CENTRIFUGES
OXIDATIONREACTORS
DISSOLVERREACTORCTA
CRYSTALLISERS PTA CRYSTALLISERS
ROTARY VACUUMFILTER
PRODUCT HOPPERS
ST C EM
Block Flow DiagramPTA Units
PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID - PROCESS
PTA CAPACITY IN INDIA
TMTPATMTPA
RIL Patalganga 1155 RIL Hazira 730 MCCPTA, Haldia 600+800 IOCL Panipat 553 Total 3838
PTA SUPPLY-DEMAND SCENARIO
YEAR 2009 2010 2015 2020DEMAND TMTPA 3162 3386 3973 4645
PTA DEMAND FORECAST BY NEXANTPTA DEMAND FORECAST BY NEXANT
••EXISTING INSTALLED CAPACITY : 3838 TMTPAEXISTING INSTALLED CAPACITY : 3838 TMTPA••TILL 2015, INSTALLED CAPCITY IS JUST SUFFICIENT TILL 2015, INSTALLED CAPCITY IS JUST SUFFICIENT
TO MEET MARKET DEMANDTO MEET MARKET DEMAND••IN FUTURE, GAP EXISTS & CALLS FOR ADDITIONAL IN FUTURE, GAP EXISTS & CALLS FOR ADDITIONAL
PTA CAPACITY.PTA CAPACITY.
POLYMERS
AROMATIC BASED POLYMERS - FEED STOCK
NAPHTAC5+AROMATICS
BENZENE O-XYLENE P-XYLENE
PS NYLONPETPSF/
PFY
Plasticizer,
Paint additive
PROPERTIES, QUALITY & APPLICATIONS OF CONDENSATION POLYMERS
POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET)
PET STRUCTURE & SYNTHESIS
PET is a poly-condensation product of PTA and MEG
CH2 – CH2
- [O – (CH2)2 – O – C - C] -
OH OH O O
Manufacture Consists of two major steps:
1) Condensation Polymerization (CP)
2) Suspended Solid Polymerization (SSP) – to impart high molecular wt distribution and high intrinsic viscosity for bottle applications
COOH
COOH
Reactor-1Condensation
Polymerization
Reactor-2 suspended solidpolymerization*
ChippingSection
Final Crystallization
PET
* For improving intrinsic viscosity
PET PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PET PROPERTIES
HardStiffStrongDimensionally stable material that absorbs very little waterGood gas barrier properties Good chemical resistance except to alkalis (which hydrolyze it)Crystallinity varies from amorphous to fairly high crystalline.Can be highly transparent and colorless but thicker sections are usually
opaque and off-white.Excellent electrical properties. High environmental stress crack resistanceVery good heat and heat ageing resistanceVery low creep, even at elevated temperatures
Grade Process/Technology
Intrinsic Viscosity
(dL/g)
Applications
Bottle Polycondensation/SSP
0.76-0.84 Bottled water, Carbonated soft drinks, Edible oil, Country Liquor, Pharmaceuticals
Cosmetics, Household jarsFilm Polycondensatio
n/Extrusion0.64-0.66 Packaging, Metallic yarn, Audio
video tapes, Power cables
Fibre Polycondensation/Extrusion/
Drawing Fibre
0.6-0.63 Fibres for a very wide range of textile & industrial uses
(Dacron®,Trevira®,Terylene®)
PET GRADES & APPLICATION
PET TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
Major Licensors:Zimmer AG, Germany
Invista (erstwhile Dupont), USA
Noyvalesina, Italy
Buehler, Switzerland
Polyester Staple Fibre (PSF)
PSF STRUCTURE & SYNTHESIS
PSF is also a poly-condensation product of PTA/DMT and MEG
CH2 – CH2
- [O – (CH2)2 – O – C - C] -
OH OH O O
Manufacture of PSF consists of 4 steps:
1) Polymerization: Using PTA/DMT and MEG on either batch orcontinuous polymerization forming final polymer
2) Melt spinning :Here molten polymer is forced through spinneret holes to form undrawn filaments, to which spin finish is appliedand coiled in can
COOH
COOH
3) Drawing: in which several million undrawn filaments are drawn or pulled approximately 4 times in 2 steps, annealed, quenched, crimped and crimp set and final textile spin finish applied
and
4) Cutting: in which the drawn crimped tow is cut to a desired 32/38/44/51 mm length and then baled to be transported to a blend spinning mill.
PSF STRUCTURE & SYNTHESIS (contd)
BalingSection
ReactorCondensation
PolymerizationSpinningSection
Draw Section
Cutting Section
PSF Bales
PSF PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PSF PROPERTIESQuality is superior to cotton, viscose, wool etc. in terms of strength, evenness
values and imperfections.High resistance to extension deformation during mechanical processing. Tough, high flex life, abrasion resistance and shock absorbency.Good abrasion resistance gives fabrics better wear performance.Exhibit negligible creep.Poor electrical conductivity due to low moisture regain.Flammability is low. Not affected by dilute acids, chemical solvents and detergents used in cleaning.
Also shows high resistance to oxidizing and reducing agents. Recovers well from stretch, compression, bending and shear.Thereby causing lesser wrinkles and creases.Thermoplasticity of fibre ensures that fabrics do not shrink during usage.
Permanent pleats & embossed effects can be done on fabrics at high temperature & pressure.
PSF GRADES & APPLICATION
PSF fibres are available in 4 tenacity levels:
GRADE TENACITY(in grams
per denier)
Application
LOW PILL 3.0 – 3.5 Generally used for knitting
MEDIUM 4.8 – 5.0
HIGH 6.0 – 6.4
Apparel end use. High tenacity preferred since their use enables ring frames to run at high speeds, but their dyeablity is 20 to 25% poorer, have lower yield on wet processing, have tendency to form pills and generally
give harsher feel.
SUPER HIGH
7.0 plus used for spinning 100% polyester sewing threads & other industrial yarns
PSF TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
Major Licensors:Invista (erstwhile Dupont), USA
EMS- INVENTA
Zimmer AG, Germany
Noyvalesina, Italy
VALUE ADDITION FROM PTABY PRODUCTION OF
PBT
Poly butylene Terephthalate Production(PBT)
••Present demand in IndiaPresent demand in India--11 MMTPA11 MMTPA••Forecasted demand in India by 2025 Forecasted demand in India by 2025 -- 46 MMTPA46 MMTPA••Export potential existsExport potential exists••PBT resin price is more than double of PTAPBT resin price is more than double of PTA••PBT emerged on the market as a raw material for PBT emerged on the market as a raw material for synthetic fibers & engineering plastics used mostly in synthetic fibers & engineering plastics used mostly in Automotive sector, Electronic & Electrical sector and Automotive sector, Electronic & Electrical sector and appliance sector.appliance sector.
Thank You
Top Related