SAMPLE REPORT
Sample report A report by MaxVal Group, Inc August 22, 2009
SWINE FLU TREATMENT
Market and IP Survey Report (Sample report)
SAMPLE REPORT
Sample report A report by MaxVal Group, Inc August 22, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OBJECTIVE .............................................................................................................................. 1
SUBJECT OF SEARCH ............................................................................................................ 1
COMMENTARY ....................................................................................................................... 1
Key Players & Products ................................................................................................. 2
IP Front .......................................................................................................................... 3
Recent Newsmakers and Race for Money ..................................................................... 4
SEARCH RESULTS ................................................................................................................. 7
PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURERS ................................................................................. 9
PATENT LANDSCAPE .......................................................................................................... 13
Filing Trends of Key Assignees ................................................................................... 14
Concentration of International Patent Classification (IPC) Codes .............................. 15
KEY PATENTS ....................................................................................................................... 18
EMERGING PLAYERS .......................................................................................................... 21
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 22
SAMPLE REPORT
Sample report A report by MaxVal Group, Inc August 22, 2009 1
OBJECTIVE
The objectives of this search was to identify
Companies and products (vaccines and other medicines), which are available on the market
and under development and are related to treatment of Swine flu in human beings.
Relevant patents and applications related to treatment of Swine flu.
Key assignees in the Swine flu treatment space and their filing trends
SUBJECT OF SEARCH
Swine flu or Swine Influenza is caused by any one of the several types of swine influenza virus (SIV)
that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, known SIV strains include influenza C and subtypes influenza A
known as H1N11, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3.
On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that a global pandemic of H1N1 is
underway and raised the worldwide alert level to Phase 6 indicating that new H1N1 is causing
widespread human infection. This recent outbreak has triggered extensive efforts to accelerate
production of antiviral drugs and develop a vaccine to combat the spread of the virus/ infection.
COMMENTARY
A comprehensive search was performed to identify companies with relevant products and patents2
related to treatment of swine flu in human beings.
Out of 20 companies identified in this search, 2 have products on the market, 5 companies
manufacture generic version of drug and 13 have products (antivirals and vaccine) in different
developmental/clinical stages.
Drugs available on the market for the treatment of Swine flu are Tamiflu (Roche) and Relenza
(Glaxo).
There has been an upsurge in patent filing activity following flu outbreak in 2005.
A visual of the current landscape is given below.
1 Sequence of Influenza A virus (A/California/09/2009(H1N1)) segment 6 neuraminidase (NA) gene, complete
cds 2 By patents we mean issued and published applications
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Key Players & Products
Gilead Sciences and Biota Scientific Corporation own patent rights for two types of anti-
viral products for swine flu treatment-- Oseltamivir and Zanamivir, respectively.
Hoffmann La Roche (with license from Gilead Sciences) and GlaxoSmithkline (with
license from Biota Scientific Corporation) are manufacturing and marketing the above
products under brand names TAMIFLU and RELENZA, respectively.
At present no vaccine is available on the market for Swine flu virus. Eight companies
(listed below) are in the process of developing vaccines or adjuvant compositions for
available vaccines against swine flu virus, H1N1
Baxter International
MedImmune (wholly owned by AstraZeneca)
Novartis AG
Novavax
Protein Science Corporation
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Sanofi Aventis
Vaxart
VaxInnate
Other companies manufacturing either generic version of these drugs or as an Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) include :
Betapharma
Cipla
Hetero Drugs Ltd
Raw Drugs Ltd
Shanghai Pharmaceuticals
An overall view of companies along with their product category (drug/vaccine) and status
related to Swine flu treatment is listed below in Figure 1.
IP Front
MedImmune LLC (wholly owned by AstraZeneca) has the largest number of IP assets3 (42)
followed by Gilead Sciences, Crucell Holland BV, Biota Scientific, Novartis and others
(see Table 3A for expanded list).
Activaero GmbH, Arbor Vita Corporation, BioDiem Ltd, Hawaii Biotech and others are
emerging companies, i.e., assignees with recently published applications (published after
2006) related to swine flu treatment that either have no products on the market or have
products under development (see expanded list in Table 4).
o Activaero and Arbor Vita have filed applications for a drug composition against
swine flu virus, while rest of the identified companies has applications claiming
vaccines against swine flu.
Key patents, most of which expire in the next decade, with method or composition claims for
swine flu treatments include those (see details in Figure 5A) assigned to the following
entities:
Biota
Ciba Geigy
Gilead
Shaman Pharmaceuticals
Profylakse APS
3 Analysis is based on various keywords (see Appendix) in worldwide patent databases
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Biocryst Pharma
Protein Science Corp.
MedImmune (wholly owned by AstraZeneca)
Crucell Holland
Yeda Research
Univ. of Pittsburg
Noteworthy applications (published after 2008) currently under prosecution that warrant
watching belong to the following entities (also see Figure 5B):
Adamas Pharmaceuticals
Activaero
Baxter
Glaxo Smithkline
Kirin Pharma
Novartis
RNL Bio
Recent Newsmakers and Race for Money
Race for Money—Forecast & Recent Venture Capital Funding:
Among companies who make antivirals, Roche, Gilead Sciences and Glaxo, are best
positioned 4 to see a boost in profits, if disease escalates to epidemic proportions.
Among companies developing vaccines to combat the infection, Sanofi-Pasteur is best
positioned to lead the race followed by Novartis. Novavax has developed a multi-strain
vaccine yet to be approved by FDA.
Companies focused on producing vaccine (only those in the race for swine flu treatment are
included here5), antiviral drugs and disease tracking system have raised recent venture capital
to combat the Swine flu (see Table 1 below).
4 Obtained from news articles
5 Vaccine based companies such as Vivaldi Biosciences, Vaxin, Inc are excluded because their drug
development efforts have not been directed to combat H1N1 in particular.
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Sample report A report by MaxVal Group, Inc August 22, 2009 5
Table 1: Companies Funded by Venture Capital (since 2005)
Company Name Funded By Capital Raised
(in millions )
Product
(in clinical trials)
BioCryst Kleiner Perkins
$30
(in 2005)
Antiviral
Novavax
Kleiner Perkins
Prospect Venture Partners
$20 Cell-based Vaccine
Pulmatrix, Inc
based in Lexington,
Mass.)
Polaris Venture Partners
5AM Ventures
$3 (in 2007) Inhaled drug
(PUM003)
Vaxart, Inc6.
(based in San Francisco)
Bay Partners
Quantum Tech Partners
N/A Vaccine
VaxInnate7
(based in NJ)
CHL Medical Partners
Healthcare Ventures
Canaan Partners
MedImmune Ventures
New leaf Ventures
Oxford Bioscience Partners
$30 Vaccine
Veratect, Inc. Fluke Venture Partners
Beneroya Capital $7.5
Disease tracking
system
Newsmakers (since April, 2009)
August 06, 2009
Novartis, Sanofi-Pasteur (unit of Paris based Sanofi-Aventis PA) and Australian drugmaker
CSL have started testing swine-flu vaccine (egg based/cell based) in humans.
July, 2009 (arranged in chronological order)
Glaxo’s Swine flu vaccine will be available from September. “GSK has received orders for
195-m doses and is in discussions over further orders with over 50 governments”. The
London firm is expected to make up to 1.3 billion pounds ($2.1 billion) in swine flu vaccine
sales next year.
Inovio Biomedical’s SynCon TM H1N1 Influenza DNA Vaccines imparts protection against
swine flu virus in pigs
6 No IP assigned to the company or key founders (Sean Tucker or Michael Finney) could be identified in
worldwide patent databases in Delphion 7 Only one PCT (WO06069262), assigned to this company and key inventor, Thomas Powell, related to a
composition of influenza viral proteins used for stimulating an immune response could be identified in
Delphion.
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Novavax- Cadila Pharmaceuticals to conduct swine flu clinical trials in Ahmedabad, India.
Novavax will develop the vaccine with Spanish drug maker Rovi Pharmaceuticals and will
collect royalties on Rovi’s sales of the products.
June 12, 2009
Novartis moves closer to producing the vaccine
May, 2009
Vical Incorporated (based in San Diego, CA) has completed development of a prototype H1
vaccine.
PUR003, a novel inhaled cationic airway lining modulator (iCALM) drug from Pulmatrix (a
Lexington, Mass. based company) could be used against Swine flu.
April, 2009
Roche in talks with Obama administration (which is seeking a $1.5billion from Congress to
combat the threat of swine flu pandemic) to ramp up production to 400 million courses a year.
CIPLA won the Indian patent battle over Tamiflu and is ready to supply generic drug
Oseltamivir, to West.
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Sample report A report by MaxVal Group, Inc August 22, 2009 7
SEARCH RESULTS
An overall tabular representation of the companies, their product status and categories
related to treatment for Swine flu is depicted in Table 2. Product status in each category is
also shown in Table 2.
Top 10 assignees related to treatment for swine flu are placed in Table 3A and Top 10
inventors in Table 3B along with their associated companies.
Figure 2 gives an overview of the distribution of IP assets among top assignees in this field.
Filing trends (from 1999 to 2009) of the top 10 assignees are shown graphically in Figure3.
Figure 4 gives an overall concentration of the IPC codes.
A list of key patents along with their assignees has been presented in Figure 5A.
Figure 5B shows published applications to look out for in future in this space.
Emerging companies in Swine flu treatment space along with their representative IPs have
been listed in Table 4.
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Figure 1: Key Players and Products
* Currently developing a drug (Peramivir) which is under clinical trials-Phase II
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PRODUCTS AND MANUFACTURERS
TABLE 2: COMPANIES AND PRODUCT STATUS
Table 2A: Companies with Existing Treatments for Swine Flu
Company Name Product
Name
Representative
IP
No. of IP
Assets8
Product Description and Application9
GlaxoSmithKline plc.
(with license from
Biota Scientific
Holdings Ltd)
Relenza
US5360817
46
(21-GSK
Ltd and 25-
Biota
Scientific)
RELENZA is a medicine that can both treat influenza (flu, infection caused by
influenza virus) and help to prevent getting the flu. While some antiviral
medicines only protect against influenza A, RELENZA is effective against
both influenza A and B.
RELENZA belongs to medicines called neuraminidase inhibitors. RELENZA
treats the cause of influenza at its source, rather than simply treating the
symptoms.
Hoffmann La Roche
(with license from
Gilead Sciences)
Tamiflu US5763483
30
(1-Roche
and 29-
Gilead)
Tamiflu (Oseltamivir phosphate) is available as capsules containing 30mg,
45mg or 75mg oseltamivir for oral use. Oseltamivir phosphate is an ethyl ester
prodrug requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form
Oseltamivir carboxylate.Oseltamivir carboxylate is an inhibitor of influenza
virus neuraminidase affecting release of viral particles.
8 US, Europe( issued and applications) and PCT
9 From Company’s website
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Table 2B: Companies with Potential Vaccines/Drugs For Swine Flu Treatment
Company Name Product
Name
Representative
IP
No. of IP
Assets10
Product Description and Application
Baxter International
CELVAPAN-
pandemic
vaccine
US6146873 5
Using its Vero cell technology, Baxter has received European Medicines
Agency (EMEA) approval for a mock-up pandemic vaccine called
CELVAPAN, the brand name for the company's pandemic vaccine. Baxter
will submit the A/H1N1 vaccine for approval upon completion of initial
manufacturing runs.
BioCryst
Pharmaceuticals
Peramivir
(Neuraminidas
e Inhibitor)
(currently in
Phase II
clinical trials)
US5602277
2
BioCryst is currently conducting a Phase II clinical trial studying an
intravenous formulation of Peramivir in hospitalized patients. That trial is
designed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous Peramivir to
orally administered oseltamivir in patients who require hospitalization due to
acute influenza.
Biota Scientific Corp
(In collaboration with
Daiichi Sankyo)
CS-8958
(Clinical trials
Phase III)
US5919819 25
Biota has a joint venture with Japanese based Daiichi Sankyo for the
development of long-acting neuraminidase inhibitors (LANIs) for treatment
of swine flu.
MedImmune, LLC
(owned by Astra
Zeneca, acquired
AVIRON in 2002)
Nasal Spray
Vaccine for
H1N1 virus
(under
development)
US7510719
42
MedImmune announced that the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services HHS) awarded MedImmune a contract to manufacture monovalent
(single-strain) live attenuated influenza vaccine for Novel Influenza A
(H1N1) to vaccinate priority populations identified by HHS in the National
Strategy for Pandemic Influenza. This project has been funded in whole or in
part with the Federal funds from HHS/ASPR/BARDA
10
US, Europe( issued and applications) and PCT
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Company Name Product
Name
Representative
IP
No. of IP
Assets10
Product Description and Application
Novartis AG
(acquired Chiron Corp)
Influenza
A(H1N1)
vaccine
(under
development)
US7169395
34
Novartis has completed production of the first batch of the Influenza A
(H1N1) vaccine using the wild virus strain. Based on the success with the
wild type strain production, Novartis expects to be able to achieve rapid
manufacture and scale up of Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine production using
cell-based and the reassortant seed.
Novavax Inc
VLP Vaccine
(pre-clinical
evaluation in
progress)
US20060263804
5
Novavax is working closely with government officials to develop and test a
VLP vaccine against the novel influenza H1N1 virus. Novavax plans to test a
range of vaccine doses and booster in human trials once its vaccine candidate
is cleared by regulatory authorities for clinical studies.
Protein science corp.
Swine flu
vaccine
(under
development)
US6245532 9
Protein science corp. plans to be making a swine flu vaccine at its pilot
production plant
Sanofi Aventis
novel
A/California/7
/2009(H1N1)
vaccine
(under
development)
US7169395
2
Sanofi pasteur, the vaccines division of Sanofi-Aventis Group, has begun
large-scale production of the novel A/California/7/2009(H1N1) vaccine at
their facilities in the United States and France
Vical Incorporated
Influenza
vaccine
(currently in
Phase I
clinical trials)
US7537768 10
Vical in Co-operative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with
U.S. Navy Medical Research Center (NMRC), a biomedical research
organization within U.S. Navy, is advancing towards clinical testing of
Vaxfectin®- formulated H1 DNA vaccine.
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Table 2C: Companies Manufacturing Generic Version of Drugs
Company Name Product
Name
Representative
IP
No. of IP
Assets11
Product Description and Application
Betapharma
Oseltamivir
phosphate
_ _ Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturer
Cipla
Oseltamivir
phosphate
Zanamivir
_ _ Generic Drug manufacturer
Hetero Drugs Limited
Oseltamivir
phosphate
Zanamivir
_ _ Generic Drug Manufacturer
(with sub license from Roche Ltd)
Raw Drugs
Oseltamivir
(75mg)
_ _ Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient(API) manufacturer
Shanghai
Pharmaceuticals Oseltamivir _ _
Generic Drug Manufacturer
(with sub license from Roche Ltd)
11
US, Europe( issued and applications) and PCT
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PATENT LANDSCAPE
Key Assignees
A comprehensive search was performed to identify companies with relevant patents (issued and
published applications) related to swine flu treatment.
Figure 2: Distribution of IP Assets across Different Companies
As shown in Figure 2, MedImmune LLC (now owned by Astra Zeneca) holds a large share (42)
of patent documents related to treatments for Swine flu followed by Gilead Sciences (30) and
Crucell Holland BV (28).
Only Hoffmann La Roche and GlaxoSmithKline (with license from Gilead Sciences and Biota
Scientific Corporation, respectively) have therapeutic products for Swine flu.
Although MedImmune, Crucell Holland and Novartis AG are the dominant players based on the
size of IP assets, these companies do not currently have products on the market and are
developing drugs/vaccines that are under various stages of development.
Top 10 inventors, based on the number of IP assets (US issued, US applications & PCT) related to
swine flu treatment are listed in the Table 3B below.
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Filing Trends of Key Assignees
Figure 3: Filing Trends for 1999-2009
Figure 3 shows the number of patent applications2 filed and published over a period of 10
years (1999 – 2009) by various companies and institutions for the treatment of Swine flu.
As evident from the graph, application filings have been gradually increasing from 2005
onwards (in response to flu outbreaks across the world) and are at a peak in 2009 as WHO
declares Swine flu a pandemic.
Out of the 10 entities in Figure 4, incumbents such as Biota, St.Jude Children’s Research
Hospital, Govt of USA, Gilead and Mount Sinai show patent activity since 1999 while
emerging companies such as MedImmune, Novartis and Glaxo show activity only in the past
4 years.
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Concentration of International Patent Classification (IPC) Codes
Based on our analysis, the major IPC codes under which recent filings have been made are
(a) A61K*(b) C12N* (c) CO7K* (d) A61P* (e) C07D* (f) C07H*.
Figure 4: Concentration of IPC codes in Swine flu related IP filings
IPC Code Definition
IPC class Definition
A61K* PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES
C12N*
MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICRO-ORGANISMS
MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
CO7K* PEPTIDES
A61P* THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL
PREPARATIONS
C07D* HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
C07H* SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC
ACIDS
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Table 3A: Top 10 Assignees, Representative IP and Product Availability
S.
No. Assignee Representative IP
No. of
IP
Assets12
Products
Availability Comments
1 MEDIMMUNE LLC US7510719 42 X
MedImmune LLC, wholly owned by Astra Zeneca Ltd acquired Aviron
in June 2002. It is currently developing Nasal vaccines for Swine flu
2 GILEAD SCIENCES US5763483 30
Gilead Sciences has licensed its anti viral compound patent to
Hoffmann la Roche, which is marketing the product under the brand
name Tamiflu. Roche has issued sub licenses to Hetero Drugs,
Shanghai Pharma and Aspen Pharma in view of the recent Swine flu
outbreak.
3 CRUCELL HOLLAND BV US7297680 28 X
Crucell is testing new adjuvants and new routes of administration in
humans for virosome-based pandemic influenza vaccines in the EU
(Panfluvac program). Crucell has discovered human monoclonal
antibodies broadly protecting against H1 strains to which family the
current swine flu virus belongs.
4
BIOTA SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT PTY
LTD
US7157494 25 Biota Scientific has licensed its Patent to GlaxoSmithkline Ltd which is
currently marketing the product under brand name Relenza
5 NOVARTIS AG US7169395 25 X
Novartis has started Pilot scale production of its vaccine against H1N1.
6 GOVERNMENT OF USA US2008096264A1 22 X NA
7 GLAXOSMITHKLINE
BIOLOGICALS SA US2005201946A1 21
GSK Ltd in collaboration with Biota Scientific Pty Ltd is marketing
anti viral compound under trade name Relenza. It is also developing
vaccines for Swine flu
8 ST.JUDE CHILDREN’S
RESEARCH HOSPITAL
US2008311148A1
19 X
NA
12
US, Europe( issued and applications) and PCT
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S.
No. Assignee Representative IP
No. of
IP
Assets12
Products
Availability Comments
9 MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL
OF MEDICINE
US6451323
13 X NA
10
THE REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITYOF
MICHIGAN
US7314624 10 X
NA
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Table 3B: Top 10 Inventors
Top Inventors No. of IP Assets Assignee
Smith, Gale Eugene 19 Protein Sciences Corporation
Baker, James R. 16 The Regents of the University of Michigan
Yang; Chin-Fen 16 MedImmune Vaccines, Inc.
Hoffmann; Erich 15 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Palese, Peter 13 Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the City
University of New York
Pau, Maria Grazia 12 Crucell Holland B.V.
Hanon; Emmanuel Jules 11 Glaxosmithkline Biologicals S.A.
Boyd, Richard L. 10 Monash University
Demaine, Derek, A. 8 Biota Scientific Management Pty. Ltd.
Parkin, Neil T. 8 Aviron
KEY PATENTS
Key patents claiming13
treatments against swine flu (drugs / vaccines) were identified and are
presented below:
13
Patents identified by claim analysis of relevant IPs picked by SS3 & 4
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Figure 5A: Key Patents with Projected/Estimated Expiry Dates
< 1990 1995 2000 2005
US5866601 | Gilead Sciences (licensed to Roche)
Filed: June 6, 1995 Expiry: Dec, 2016
US5360817 | Biota (licensed to GSK) Filed: Nov 10, 1992 Expiry: Sep, 2014
US6406698 | Profylakse APS Filed: Jul 24, 1998
Expiry: Jul, 2018
US5494661 | Shaman Pharmaceuticals
Filed: Feb 27, 1996
Expiry: Feb 2016 US6951649| Protein Science Corp.
Filed: Oct 4, 2002
Expiry: Oct, 2022
US7527800 | MedImmune LLC
Filed: May 20, 2005 Expiry: May 2025
US5189017 | Ciba Geigy Corp (Novartis AG)
Filed: Oct 17, 1990
Expiry: Oct 2010
US5149531 | University of Pittsburgh
Filed: Sep 22, 1992
Expiry: Sep 2012
US6410594 | BioCryst Pharma
Filed: Jun 9, 1999 Expiry: Jun, 2019
US6337070 | Takara Shuzo Co. Filed : Aug 1, 2002 Expiry: Aug 2022
US7521220 | Crucell Holland
Filed: Oct 21, 2005
Expiry: Oct, 2025
US7514086 | Yeda Research Filed: Feb 7, 2007 Expiry: Feb 2027
Application Year
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Figure 5B: Applications to Watch
US2009162366
US200822774
US2009155270
US2009142418
US2009047353
US2009060950
US2009081253
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EMERGING PLAYERS
Published patent applications
14 in worldwide database were analyzed to determine emerging
companies in Swine flu treatment space. Following companies were found to have applications filed
recently for drugs or vaccines against swine flu virus:
Table 4: Emerging Players
S.
No. Company
No of
IP
Assets
Representative IP
1 Activaero GmbH 3 US2009155270: Caspase inhibitors, especially caspase 3
inhibitors, for the treatment of influenza
2 Arbor Vita
Corporation 4
US2007161078: Methods and compositions for diagnosis
and treatment of influenza
3 BioDiem Ltd. 2 WO2007118284: Influenza virus vaccine
4 Hawaii Biotech 4 US2007042001: Influenza recombinant subunit vaccine
5 Novavax Inc 5 US2006263804: Functional influenza virus-like particles
6 Pharmexa Inc.
(Affitech AS) 3
US2008032921: Inducing immune responses to influenza
virus using polypeptide and nucleic acid compositions
7 Protheon Co.
(website not available) 2
US2008311153: Attenuated influenza virus and a live
vaccine comprising the same
8 Sirna Therauptics
(subsidiary of Merck) 5
US2007099858: RNA interference mediated of inhibition
of influenza virus gene expression using short interfering
nucleic acid (siNA)
14
Picked by SS3
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APPENDIX
SEARCH STRATEGY
The search was performed in
World Wide Web to identify relevant manufacturers, products, IP holders, newsmakers in the
field of swine flu treatment.
Delphion to identify key players and their relevant IP assets using optimized search string
(shown below) that resulted in 729 hits for US (Issued, Applications), Europe (Issued,
Applications) and PCT applications.
Search String
S. No. Search String No. of
Hits
1 ((("swine flu" or "influenza A") <near/5> (treatment or vaccine))) 1264
2 ((("swine flu" or "influenza A" or "swine influenza") <near/5> (treatment or
vaccine))) 1948
3 ((("swine flu" or "influenza A" or H1N1) <near/5> (treatment or vaccine)) and
(neuraminidase)) 729
4 (((((("swine flu" or "influenza A" or H1N1) and (treat*)) ) <in> CLAIMS) )
AND (PD>=1985-01-01 )) 51*
*as of August 05, 2009
Databases searched: US (granted and applications), Europe (granted and applications), PCT
Keywords: Swine flu, H1N1, influenza A, vaccine, anti-viral, drug, treatment.
DISCLAIMER
The information provided in this document and its attachment(s) has been obtained from sources deemed reliable. MaxVal-
IP does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information and expressly disclaims any liability or
responsibility for the accuracy, errors, omissions or inadequacies in the enclosed information or for interpretations thereof.
Any decisions or actions by any party based in any way whatsoever on the contents of the attachment(s) shall be the sole
responsibility of that party.
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