Sustain11
The School of Natural and Built Environments
Postgraduate Research Colloquium
November 17-18, 2011
University of South Australia, BJ3-30, City East Campus
Table of Contents
Colloquium Organising Committee 1
Colloquium Dinner Committee 1
Day 1 Colloquium Program 2
Day 2 Colloquium Program 3
Welcome from the Head of School, NBE - Professor Simon Beecham 4
Welcome from the Dean of Research, ITEE – Professor Jill Slay 5
About the School 6
Presentation Abstracts 8
Ali Al Maliki – PhD Environmental Remediation and Public Health 9
Jianqiang Cui – PhD Transport Engineering 10
El-Sayed El-Sayed Abd-Elaal Metwally – PhD Civil Engineering 11
Faisal Ahammed – PhD Water Engineering 12
Reazul Ahsan – PhD Planning 13
Alaa Gabr – PhD Civil Engineering 14
Melanie Gale – PhD Planning 15
Mike Geen – PhD Environmental Science 16
Paul Gal Atem – PhD Planning 17
Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi – PhD Planning and Building 18
Oliver MD Moinul Hosain – PhD Engineering 19
Chansiri Suksri – PhD Transport Systems Engineering 20
Mostafa Razzaghmanesh - PhD Water Engineering 21
Ahmed Ranesh – Doctor of Project Management 22
Sithara Harshanie Premalal Walpita - PhD Engineering and Environment 23
Carmel Chiu Sutcliffe – PhD Environmental Science 24
Shuaifei Zhao – PhD Civil Engineering 25
Aaron O’Malley – PhD Civil Engineering 26
Mirfath Ismail Shafeeq - PhD Building 27
Sheryn Pitman - PhD Environmental Science 28
Mary-Anne Binnie – PhD Environmental Science 29
Zainul Baharuddin – PhD Planning 30
Gusri Yaldi – PhD Transport Systems Engineering 31
Rina Aleman – PhD Environmental Science 32
Ivan Iankov – PhD Transport Engineering 33
Michael James Heath – PhD Sustainable Environments 34
Jantanee Dumrak - Doctor of Project Management 35
Sabir Hussain - PhD Water Engineering 36
Li Meng – PhD Transport Systems Engineering 37
Mohamad Fared Murshed - PhD Water Engineering 38
Jintawadee Suksri – PhD Transport Systems Engineering 39
Chathurika Subhashini Wella Hewage – PhD Water Engineering 40
Susilawati – PhD Transport Systems Engineering 41
Caijuan Yan – PhD Water Engineering 42
Siddharth Gaurav – Doctor of Project Management 43
Syamsul Hidayat – PhD Water Engineering 44
Tim Johnson – PhD - Civil Engineering 45
Mohamed Mossad – PhD Environmental Science 46
Research Students – Not Presenting 47
Hamideh Nouri – PhD Water Engineering 48
Craig Wightman – PhD Planning 49
Abdelhalim Azam – PhD Civil Engineering 50
Wun Kwong Ng – Doctor of Project Management 51
Rayan Jamali – Master by Research - Water Engineering 52
Noor Ismah Hashim – PhD – Project Management 53
Sara Azari – PhD Water Engineering 54
Salim Ali Rashid Al Mamary – Doctor of Project Management 55
2011 NBE Research Student Commencements 56
1 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Organising Committee
Dr Nicholas Chileshe
Dr Donald Cameron
Mrs Jayne Kwiatkowski
Ms Danielle Gericke
Colloquium Dinner Organising Committee
Mrs Jayne Kwiatkowski
Ms Danielle Gericke
Mrs Elizabeth Stevens
Ms Kirsty Smeaton
Ms Danijela Prso
Mr Owen Brewster
2 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Colloquium Program
Thursday, 17 November 2011
9.15am Registration Page
9.30am Welcome: Professor Simon Beecham, Head of School 4
9.45am Opening Remarks: Dean of Research (ITEE), Professor Jill Slay 5
Session 1: Chaired by Dr James Ward
10.00am Ali Al Maliki 9 10.15am 10.30am
Jianqiang Cui El-Sayed El-Sayed Abd-Elaal Metwally
10 11
10.45am Morning Tea
11.00am Faisal Ahammed 12 11.15am Reazul Ahsan 13 11.30am Alaa Gabr 14 11.45am Melanie Gale 15 12.00pm Mike Geen 16 12.15pm
Paul Gal Atem 17
12.30pm Lunch
Session 2: Chaired by Dr Tom Raimondo
1.30pm Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi 18 1.45pm Oliver MD Moinul Hosain 19 2.00pm Chansiri Suksri 20 2.15pm Mostafa Razzaghmanesh 21 2.30pm Ahmed Ranesh 22 2.30pm Sithara Harshanie Premalal Walpita 23
3.00pm Afternoon Tea
3.15pm Carmel Chiu Sutcliffe 24 3.30pm Shuaifei Zhao 25 3.45pm Aaron O’Malley 26 4.00pm Mirfath Ismail Shafeeq 27
4.15pm Closing Remarks for Day One: Associate Professor Jon Kellett
5.00pm Pre-Dinner Drinks: Mezzanine City East Campus
6.00pm Evening Meal: Mezzanine City East Campus
6.45pm Guest Speaker – Associate Professor Justin Cole
8.00pm Close
3 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Colloquium Program
Friday, 18 November 2011
9.00am Registration Page
9.15am Welcome to Day Two: Associate Professor Brenton Dansie, Acting PVC, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment
Session 5: Chaired by Dr Mark Shelbourn
9.30am Sheryn Pitman 28
9.45am Mary-Anne Binnie 29
10.00am Zainul Baharuddin 30
10.15am Gusri Yaldi 31
10.30am Rina Aleman 32
10.45am Morning Tea
11.00am Ivan Iankov 33
11.15am Michael James Heath 34 11.30am Jantanee Dumrak 35
11.45pm Sabir Hussain 36
12.00pm Li Meng 37
12.30pm Mohamad Fared Murshed 38
12.30pm Lunch
Session 4: Chaired by Dr Ralph McLaughlin and Dr Rowena Butland
1.30pm Jintawadee Suksri 39
1.45pm Chathurika Subhashini Wella Hewage 40
2.00pm Susilawati 41
2.15pm Caijuan Yan 42
2.30pm Siddharth Gaurav 43
2.45pm Syamsul Hidayat 44
3.00pm Afternoon Tea
3.15pm Tim Johnson 45
3.30pm Mohamed Mossad 46
3.45pm Closing Remarks: Head of School, Professor Simon Beecham
Light Refreshments
4 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Welcome from the Head of School
Welcome to the 2011 School of Natural and Built Environments Postgraduate Research Colloquium.
The School contains a vibrant mix of four disciplines that cover the diverse aspects of both the built
and natural environments. These disciplines include Civil Engineering, Construction and Project
Management, Geospatial and Environmental Management and Urban and Regional Planning. From
this interdisciplinary platform, we aim to educate outstanding research‐embedded practitioners
and leaders and address research questions in key application areas using multi‐disciplinary teams
and strong international networks.
Across these four disciplines there are now over 80 PhD students and more than 10 post-doctoral
researchers. This is only one measure of how the School of NBE is becoming highly productive in
terms of its research outputs and the School is particularly keen to support outcome‐related
research and development in our areas of demonstrated excellence. We also aim to support
innovation to underpin future economic and social development in the communities in which NBE
operates. To this end we are creating and supporting new interdisciplinary PhD programs.
The purpose of this research colloquium is to celebrate the highly innovative and exciting
postgraduate research occurring within the School today. In addition, this colloquium provides a
significant and important opportunity to develop collaborations between and amongst our
graduate students. Our PhD students and Masters (by research) students in 2011 contribute to a
program where they produce a poster on their research in April and deliver a talk at their
colloquium in November. The students come together in a congenial atmosphere to see the
research of others, receive input from academics and relevant industry leaders, and to observe and
discuss the development of research projects with students at different stages of the process.
The organising team is to be congratulated on developing such an exciting program that
demonstrates the way in which NBE embraces cross‐disciplinary research challenges while
leveraging our core strengths. The energy behind this achievement is undoubtedly provided by the
Research Students of NBE!
Professor Simon Beecham
Head of School, School of Natural and Built Environments
5 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Welcome from the Dean of Research
The School of Natural and Built Environments Postgraduate Research colloquium is in its fourth year.
I am really happy that we are able to offer this opportunity for so many to be able to present their
work. The school is very diverse in its research interests and this colloquium provides the
opportunity for us to hear from others whose disciplines are potentially so different from our own.
In particular we have the opportunity to hear from the social scientists who bring a refreshing
‘people’ perspective to what is a very technical Division. As a researcher and supervisor I am always
personally challenged by the cultural and societal issues that surround my work and enjoy
developing these kind of cross-disciplinary approaches in my own students and across the Division.
Please use this day to learn from each other and also to reflect on new approaches to the many
research questions that jointly we are trying to answer.
Jill Slay
Dean of Research, Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment
November 2011
6 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
About the School
The School of Natural and Built Environments focuses on the unique relationships and synergies
between natural and built environments, with a particular interest in teaching and research to
support improved environmental and socio-economic sustainability for the future.
The School is located across two campuses – in the heart of Adelaide at the City East Campus and at
the expanding and vibrant new suburb of Mawson Lakes on the northern fringe of the City. As part
of the Division of Information Technology, Engineering and the Environment (ITEE), the School offers
applied and relevant programs that take students out of the classroom and into the field.
Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering programs place particular emphasis on the application of theory through focused
project and assignment work. By the final year of the degrees, fifty per cent of the courses are
project based including a major industry related research project and a design project that models
industry experience. This strong industry focus ensures that graduates are already familiar with the
industry needs and modes of operation when they commence employment. The programs are
accredited by Engineers Australia. Industry links include Department of Transport, Energy &
Infrastructure (DTEI), SA Water and Hansen Yuncken - all of whom provide scholarships for students
in the program. UniSA coordinate regular industry lectures as well as industry sponsored student
projects.
Construction Management and Economics
Construction Management and Economics at UniSA offers the only construction management
degrees in South Australia and is one of the most accredited construction management and
economics programs in Australia. Students can study a broad range of courses, including the study
of sophisticated construction techniques, building surveying and estimating, design economics,
contract administration, project management, planning and more. All undergraduate and
postgraduate programs provide the education and training required to reach a professional level
and have a number of key industry links. The Bachelor of Construction Management and Economics
program maintains a 100% employment rate.
7 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Environmental Management and Sustainability
UniSA offers four specialised programs in the field of Environmental Management and Sustainability
- Biodiversity and Park Management, Environmental Protection and Management, Geospatial
Information Systems, and Geographical and Earth Systems. All four awards provide students with a
broad understanding of environmental issues and share a common first year, allowing the flexibility
to move between the awards as career aspirations become clear.
Graduates will be qualified to work in a wide variety of positions related to the natural and built
environment and the multi-disciplinary nature of the programs, as well as the strong focus on
practical components of learning and active fieldwork, provides expertise in the natural, spatial and
social sciences. Graduates are employed in the private and government sector in all Australian
states and several overseas countries.
Transport Systems Engineering
The Transport Systems Engineering program is designed to provide Masters level expertise in the
planning, designing and managing of transport systems and continuing education for graduate
students with professional interest in the area of transport systems engineering and transport
planning. The coursework enhances the concepts and theory in different aspects of traffic and
transport engineering and students develop the capacity to undertake independent research and
the ability to analyse and report on research procedures and findings.
Urban and Regional Planning
Urban and Regional Planning at UniSA is home to the longest-established planning program in
Australia and celebrated sixty years of planning education in 2009. Both the undergraduate and
postgraduate programs incorporate a range of teaching techniques focused on providing students
with a broad range of skills and knowledge to prepare them for professional practice. Students
undertake field trips and engage in collaborative problem solving projects based on real life
situations, taught by highly qualified planners. A work placement program is built into the Bachelors
degree which provides students with an opportunity to work alongside qualified planners for an
extended period of time. The Planning programs are strongly supported by the Planning Institute of
Australia, the national body that accredits professional planners. In the recent Excellence in
Research Australia (ERA) exercise urban & regional planning research at UniSA was rated world
class. All of the planning staff are research active and several are holders of prestigious grants which
fund their research. All regularly publish in academic journals and books.
8 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Presentation Abstracts
9 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Ali Al Maliki
Degree: PhD Environmental Remediation and Public Health
Supervisors: Dr Gary Owens Associate Professor David Bruce
Project title: Peri-Industrial Environmental Remote Sensing
Peri-Industrial Environmental Remote Sensing (PIERS): a case study for the detection of lead contamination Abstract:
Lead mining and smelting are considered to be the two primary sources of lead (Pb) exposure to
young children living within the vicinity of such activities. This research focuses on the
development of an innovative remote sensing method for the detection of Pb contaminated
regions surrounding mines and smelters. Approximately 300 ground samples will be collected
from various land cover components surrounding a very large lead smelter in Port Pirie,
Australia. Samples will include for example surface soils (0-20 cm) together with other
potentially Pb contaminated matrices within the target site. These samples will undergo
geochemical and spectral analysis in the laboratory. At the time of sampling field spectra will
also be collected using a spectro-radiometer in the visible and short-wave infrared range 350–
2500 nm. The purpose of the field work is to provide robust measurements of Pb contaminated
soils that can be chemically characterized and used to validate the remote sensing data (imaging
Spectroscopy). Field based and either airborne or satellite hyperspectral imaging will lead to new
techniques for the assessment of soil contaminants and the efficient mapping and monitoring of
soil contaminations, which will have applications in human health risk assessment and soil
monitoring
10 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Jianqiang Cui
Degree: PhD Transport Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Andrew Allan Professor Michael AP Taylor
Project title: Walking Underground: Pedestrian, Space and City
Centres - Towards an Understanding of
Underground Pedestrian Systems on Urban
Environments
Usage and Effects of an Underground Pedestrian System in Urban Settings: Evidence from Shanghai Abstract: China is experiencing profound social reform. Decision-makers, developers and planners have
had to confront problems arising from the rapid population urbanization process associated with
this period of social reform, such as land shortages and environmental deterioration. Against
this background, Underground Pedestrian Systems (UPS) that integrate subway construction,
combining commercial functions, employing underground spaces for compact cities and
shaping ultra-modern metropolises‟ image, have been subject to continuous development during
the past 30 years, which has altered people‟s transport and shopping patterns, thus significantly
affecting urban life. UPS usage in Shanghai was conducted through observation, face to face
questionnaires and interviews. Qualitative and quantitative survey data were collected on the
transport organization and usage within the UPS and the exterior transport by the dynamics of
using the UPS. The data were analyzed for the purpose of developing a better understanding of
urban spatial structure of UPS transport, accessibility and orientation and transport integration
of UPS. The research revealed that as an important component of pedestrian systems, the public
are not well served by the functionality of UPS.
11 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: El-Sayed El-Sayed Abd-Elaal Metwally
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Julie Mills Dr Xing Ma
Project title: Behaviour of Transmission Line Systems
under Downburst Wind Loads
Improve resistance of old transmission lines systems and develop the design of new systems to resist downburst loads Abstract: Transmission towers play an important role in power supply. Outages of power due to
transmission towers failure can cause social and economic disasters. Investigations of
transmission towers failure around world have recorded that more than 80% are weather-
related. Previous studies introduced an investigation of the structural response and failure
analysis of transmission towers under downburst loads, but did not consider retrofitting
procedures. There are some reinforcement methods existing for upgrading transmission
towers, such as the common leg retrofitting method, diaphragm bracing, friction-type
reinforcement and x-brace type. The efficiency of these methods, convenience of the
reinforcement, cost and optimal distribution of reinforcement through the transmission line
systems, are questions that need answers.
Assurances of structural safety with an optimal design are basic objectives in structural design.
Therefore modern transmission line systems must be upgraded to confront this instance of
downburst wind loadings. The best or optimal arrangement of towers in transmission line
systems will be developed to match downburst demands, in addition to the best orientation of
transmission line systems.
Keywords: Transmission towers, failure, retrofitting, design, optimal, arrangement, orientation
12 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Faisal Ahammed
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors:
Dr Guna Hewa Alankarage Professor John Argue
Project title: Sustainable stormwater management through water sensitive urban design in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Stormwater management using WSUD principles in Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract: Dhaka is a city of 10.3 million people located in the tropics where it is subjected to monsoon
rainfall. The ARI, Y = 10 years rainfall intensity for 1 hour duration in Dhaka is 98 mm/hr which
is 15% greater than the corresponding rainfall in Darwin, Australia. The stormwater drainage
system in Dhaka was constructed to collect runoff as completely and as quickly as possible,
discharging it directly to local water ways. The system has proven unsatisfactory and has led to
significant flooding problems in the lower reaches of the drainage network. A proposal to
introduce Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) principles into Dhaka‟s drainage network has
been investigated.
A typical WSUD device „leaky-well‟ has been designed for residential allotments in the Banani
suburb of Dhaka which meets all criteria relating to time-of-emptying and clearance distance to
domestic footings and boundaries. The device has been designed using „regime in balance‟
strategy for ARI, Y = 100 years. The proposed dimensions of one leaky-well in 350 m2 allotment
are as depth, H = 2.0 m and diameter, D = 2.1 m. Emptying time is around 1.25 days which is
much less than the suggested criterion of 3.5 days.
13 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Reazul Ahsan
Degree: PhD Planning
Supervisors: Associate Professor Jon Kellett Dr Sadasivam Karuppannan
Project title: Meeting the challenge of climate migration
in urban system
Meeting the challenge of climate migration in urban system Abstract:
Human migration can be permanent or semi-permanent residence and the choice of migration
can be addressed as “voluntary migration” where people move willingly and “involuntary
migration” where they are forced to move. The 4th
IPCC assessment report addressed
involuntary or forced migration as one of the key features of climate change. River erosion,
severe hydro-meteorological disasters and rising sea levels, consider migration as an adaptive
approach. Displacement due to climate stresses is well understood; unfortunately there is very
little consensus when it comes to defining “climate migrant” or “environmental refugee”, in
short, one who has moved due to climate or environmental changes is considered as climate
migrant. In theory “Rural-Urban” migration and the transformation of rural settlements into
urban areas are the determinants of urbanization in less developed regions .This study argued
that climate change impacts are an acceleration of this traditional migration especially is
developing nations and needs to be addressed in the urban system. This hypothesis is tested
by observing climate change and human migration, livelihood patterns of migrants and the
changes to the urban system in Bangladesh. It examines how the urban system of one of the
most vulnerable nations is being challenged by climate change.
Key words: Migration, Climate migration, Urbanization and Urban system
14 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Alaa Gabr
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Don Cameron
Project title: Repeated Load Testing for Primary Evaluation of Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Pavements
Repeated Load Triaxial Testing of Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Pavement Base Construction Abstract: This paper presents the results and analysis of Repeated Load Triaxial Testing (RLTT)
conducted on three basecourse products; two crushed concrete, or Recycled Concrete
Aggregate (RCA) materials, and a local Virgin Aggregate (VA). The objective of this testing
program was to study the impact of applied stress states on resilient modulus and permanent
compacted at different levels of initial moisture content. The RLTT specimens were tested at
60, 80 and 90% of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and to a single target dry density ratio of
98% of Maximum Dry Density (MDD) from Modified Proctor compaction testing. Duplicate
specimens were tested for deformation of the materials using the AUSTROADS RLTT
approach (Vuong and Brimble 2000). A series of RLTT was performed under drained
conditions on cylindrical specimens statically each moisture level. On sample measurements
were made of sample deformation.
It was found that the resilient moduli of the two RCA products ranged between 340 and 715
MPa, while corresponding moduli from tests on VA varied from 270 to 450 MPa. Resilient
modulus was found to be dependent on both moisture content and applied stress. The two
specimens of VA prepared at 90% OMC failed during the permanent strain testing stages of the
AUSTROADS test protocol. Moreover the recycled materials could be used as base courses
according to interpretation of the AUSTROADS RLTT data by Vuong and Arnold (2006).
15 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Melanie Gale
Degree: PhD Planning
Supervisors: Dr Lou Wilson Emeritus Professor Steve Hamnett Dr Alistair Greig
Project title: The adaptive capacity of communities affected by environmental change: a case study of the Coorong and Lower Lakes
The adaptive capacity of communities affected by environmental change: a case study of the Coorong and Lower Lakes Abstract: The research will explore the adaptive capacity of communties affected by environmental
change and the over-allocation of water resources in the Coorong and Lower Lakes region.
Social, economic and environmental interdependencies have been identified as an issue and are
a significant element to the funcionality of the Coorong and Lower Lakes communities.
Inderdependencies are complicated by legislative ambuitiy about Federal and State legislation
and responsibilites for the area, significant proportions of, which are subject to international
environmental agreements. Further research is required on the functionaltiy of these
communities, which are challenged by significant environmental change and equivocal
responses from Federal and State Governments.
Beck‟s (2007) and Giddens (1999) concepts of risk and reflexivity provide an analytical rubric
for understanding how people make decisions in today‟s society based on risk to their well-
being. Theories such is this can potentially assist planners and policy makers implement and
introduce management systems and approaches that will be effective in mitigating the impacts
of environmental degradation and climate change.
16 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mike Geen
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisors: Dr Greg Johnston Professor Chris Daniels
Project title: The adaptive function of colour variation in
snakes
The adaptive function of colour variation in snakes Abstract: Animal colour patterns have an extensive history in generating and testing theories central to
ecology and evolutionary biology. Many Australian snake species display colour
polymorphism (the occurrence of two or more genetically-determined colour variants within
a single population) and/or seasonal colour variation. Evolutionary theory suggests that in
order for multiple colour variants to coexist, they should each possess equal fitness or a
fitness advantage when rare. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the
persistence of colour variation in animals. I will briefly review these mechanisms and
discuss in more detail the work I am doing to elucidate the mechanisms which maintain both
colour polymorphism and seasonal colour variation in two species of venomous Australian
Elapid snakes.
17 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Paul Gal Atem
Degree: PhD Planning
Supervisors: Dr Lou Wilson Dr Andrew Allan
Project title: Affordable Housing for Sudanese Migrants in SA
Postcolonial Explanation to Sudanese Refugees’ Housing Circumstances in
Australia
Abstract:
This paper aims to examine contemporary Sudanese refugee housing and settlement problems
and related challenges using postcolonial theory to explore their housing situation. The paper
considers historical, structural, political and economical disadvantages Sudanese refugees had
experienced as a result of the British rule in Sudan. Such experience is crucial because of the
role their history plays in their settlement issues and matters concerning language, identity,
citizenship, adjustment and social exclusion. Postcolonial theory also offers perspectives on
Australia as a country which was settled by (Britain) and still a constitutional monarchy with
the Queen of England as her ultimate Head of State, which resonates for Sudanese refugees in
terms of their country‟s past colonial history. Australia is still struggling with issues of racism
which concern most migrants from non-Anglo-Celtic backgrounds, including the Sudanese
refugee community in Australia. Drawing on postcolonial concepts help explain and critique
the challenges faced by the Sudanese community in Australia.
Keywords: postcolonial, colonialism, Sudanese refugees, housing circumstances, British,
Australia, Asia, Caribbean
18 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi
Degree: PhD Planning and Building
Supervisors: Dr Alpana Sivam Dr Sadasivam Karuppannan
Project title: An approach to sustainable development and preservation of cultural heritage in developing countries: An investigation of Denpasar
An approach to sustainable development and preservation of cultural heritage in developing countries: An investigation of Denpasar
Abstract:
Urbanisation is a major trend all over the world especially in the developing countries.
Growing population and influx of tourists in Bali lead to uncontrolled growth and expansion
of informal sector. This condition poses significant risk for cultural and natural heritage in
Denpasar- Bali. This culturally rich city is undergoing a transformation to cope with the
demand for infrastructure and services, then changes original ancient Hindu plan and
building codes for Denpasar in the past.
The aim of the research is to develop an approach to sustainable planning based on Urban
Design Principles (UDPs) to protect the cultural heritage simultaneously accommodating
growing population and promote tourism.
19 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Oliver MD Moinul Hosain
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Guna Hewa Alankarage Mr David Pezzaniti
Project title: Dynamics of drip emitter clogging in relation to temperature variation
Drip emitter clogging in wastewater irrigation scheme
Abstract: Drip irrigation (DI) system supplying reclaimed wastewater ensures safe disposal of nutrient
rich water directly into the soil root zone. However, when used in wastewater irrigation
schemes, drip emitters are often clogged by physical and biological deposits. It gets worse for
subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) because the whole assembly is laid under a soil cover. Once an
emitter is clogged, it affects the whole system performance and identifying the clogged ones is
practically impossible. Though a numerous research efforts have been conducted to investigate
clogging, none of them have reported the effect of temperature variation on bio-fouling of
emitters. It is believed that extreme temperature events can affect emitter performance by
changing the biomass accumulation. It is yet to know how this varies with temperature. This
research is aimed at understanding the dynamics of emitter clogging in relation to temperature
variation when used with wastewater. It will also formulate a new anti-clogging performance
evaluation procedure for Australian made emitters and classify the SA water (class B, C and D)
for clogging potential of SDI emitters.
20 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Chansiri Suksri
Degree: PhD Transport Systems Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Michael A P Taylor Dr Wen Long Yue
Project title: Traffic signal data analysis and development of performance function for traffic signal control under congested condition.
Traffic Analysis on A Congested Signalised Intersection in Adelaide CBD Abstract: Traffic is an important part of urban mobility. The study on traffic congestion in urban arterial
street network, particularly on improving level of service via traffic signal, has been considered.
The strategy is analysing traffic during that condition to identify specific characteristics for
developing performance functions used by signal control purposes applying Adelaide CBD as a
case study.
Presentation shows selected research activities and results focusing on the use of traffic signal
data (SCATS) from Nexus database. It is starting with an introduction related to study area and
SCATS data follow by two types of analysis with different approaches and different input. The
first one is traffic flow analysis by time series analysis techniques of spectral density and
autocorrelation functions using traffic counts as inputs. The second one is the analysis of traffic
signal control data by analytical model, SIDRA INTERSECTION, and then concludes with
discussions.
21 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mostafa Razzaghmanesh
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Simon Beecham Dr Fatemeh Kazemi
Project title: Developing resilient green roofs for Adelaide
Developing resilient green roofs for Adelaide Abstract: Australia is one of the most urbanized countries in the world and 84.7% of its inhabitants live in
towns or cities. Urbanization growth increases impervious areas such as roads, roofs and pavers
and leads to removal of native vegetation cover in the urban area. It also increases runoff
volume.
Green roofs, as one of the vegetated Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems can cover
the already available dense area and provide environmental, economic and social benefits.
Due to the mentioned benefits, two major experiments have been suggested. The first will be
conducted in trial green roofs built on the roof of the ANZ tower. The second experiment will
be undertaken in experimental plots constructed and located at the University of South
Australia. The findings from the two experiments will then be investigated in a catchment area
(Adelaide CBD) and Different scenarios of covering buildings with green roofs will be
examined.
22 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Ahmed Ranesh
Degree: Doctor of Project Management
Supervisors: Associate Professor George Zillante Dr Nicholas Chileshe
Project title: Integration of Risk Management and Value Management in Public Private Partnership Project Management
Integration of Risk Management and Value Management in Public Private Partnership Project Management Abstract: The key rational of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) is to achieve „Value for Money‟ (VfM)
in delivering the much needed infrastructure development. In acquiring such projects,
organisations are deemed to take risk in order to maximise value. Likewise, application of
effective Risk Management (RM) and Value Management (VM) methodologies is crucial for
successful project management. Hence, these methodologies are widely practiced as an integral
part of PPP project delivery. VM reduces risk while RM facilitates to enhance value. With the
fundamental similarities existing between RM and VM, the prevailing discourse advocates for
the assimilation of the two methodologies as autonomous practice results in duplication of
effort. Considering the potential benefits of conducting RM and VM in a single study process,
this doctorial research is aimed at producing an integrated framework for Risk and Value
Management (RVM) in procuring PPP projects and enhancing VfM.
23 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Sithara Harshanie Premalal Walpita Gamage
Degree: PhD Engineering and Environment
Supervisors: Dr Guna Hewa Alankarage Professor Simon Beecham
Project title: Probabilistic Nature of Hydrologic Losses in
South Australian Catchments
Analysing the variability of initial and proportional losses in South Australian catchments Abstract: Hydrological loss is a critical parameter of rainfall-based flood event models which are frequently
used in design flood estimation. Hydrological losses have a wide range of spatial and temporal
variability. However the current practice is to use a single loss value for many design
applications. As the rainfall runoff process is non-linear, adopting a single representative value of
losses is likely to introduce a high degree of uncertainty and possible bias. The random variables
can be successfully analysed by probability distribution methods. Also probability distributed
models can be effectively incorporated in automated systems such as computer programs for
simulation and other investigation purposes. Therefore finding a probability distribution that
allows stochastic variability of losses is vital. This presentation intends to provide a better
understanding of the loss process while providing methods to analyse the variability of losses,
using the probability approach. The procedure is demonstrated using a forested catchment of
26km2, located in the Mt Lofty region, South Australia. It discusses the variability of both Initial
loss and proportional losses with storm duration, rainfall intensities, seasonality and Antecedent
Precipitation Index (API) values using a time series method. The results presented can be used to
find the probability distribution functions to describe both initial losses and proportional losses,
making improvements in joint probability related flood design modeling.
24 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Carmel Chiu Sutcliffe
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisors: Associate Professor Ian Clark Dr Lou Wilson Associate Professor Alastair Greig
Project title: Life in a Roma ghetto: using participatory action research for addressing ghettoisation in the Fakulteta Mahala, Bulgaria
Participatory planning for informal Roma settlements Abstract: There are an estimated 10 to 12 million Roma living across Europe (European Commission
2011) and the historically persistent discrimination against them has driven many of Europe‟s
largest ethnic population into cycles of poverty, forcing them into the social and spatial
peripheries. Inadequate access to formal housing continues to be one of the most pressing
concerns (European Roma Rights Centre 2010). This presentation will outline research that
focuses on the ghettoisation of Roma in one of Europe‟s largest ghettos, the Fakulteta Mahala,
located in Bulgaria‟s capital city, Sofia. In particular, the research seeks to understand the
various processes and challenges that take place within the community through the lived
experiences of the inhabitants. The potential in using a participatory action research
methodology to enhance existing self-organisational strategies and to better understand Roma
housing preferences will be discussed.
25 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Shuaifei Zhao
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Linda Zou Adjunct Professor Dennis Mulcahy
Project title: Forward osmosis for desalination and water
treatment
Modern Applications and Current Challenges of Forward Osmosis Abstract: With the exponentially growing population and the depletion of fossil fuels, water and
energy have been becoming two of the most important resources on the earth. Both water
shortages and energy crises have plagued many communities around the world. As an
emerging technology, forward osmosis (FO) holds great promise in helping humans
alleviate the stress on both water and energy. Even in life science, FO also has wide
applications.
However, there are still several critical challenges existing in FO processes. These
challenges include concentration polarization, membrane fouling, reverse solute diffusion,
new membrane development and draw solute design. They are also the current research
focus on FO. The most recent studies on these problems will be described. The objective of
this paper is to present the modern applications and current challenges of FO. It will
provide a relatively clear outline for FO-concerned researchers on the recent developments
of FO.
26 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Aaron O’Malley
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Don Cameron Ms Joan Gibbs Dr Kevin Mills
Project title: The influence of immature street trees on soil moisture patterns and ground movements on extremely reactive soils, in the urban environment of South Australia
Field monitoring of native and exotic trees water use and house floor
movements on extremely reactive soils, in the environment of South
Australia
Abstract:
The research project investigates the influence of immature Australian native and exotic
urban street trees on soil moisture, ground movements, and ultimately house movements.
Species‟ water demands were assessed on extremely reactive soils in an urban environment.
The extensive soil and tree monitoring program was based in a newly established
subdivision in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia.
The site monitoring included in situ measurement of soil moisture and laboratory
determinations of soil suction profiles over the seasons. Soil movements and the deflections
of house floors on raft slabs were assessed over seasonal periods. The house floor levels of
four stiffened raft slabs have been monitored, with one raft slab having a heavily stiffened
floor. The performance of the raft slabs to date based on regular level surveys of the floors
is reviewed in terms of the site classification data.
Although the potential influence of the immature street trees with time was not expected to
be revealed directly, it was expected that projections could be made on future patterns of
soil drying and associated house floor movement from the preliminary data gathered during
the life of the project. This research project is therefore regarded as somewhat fundamental
research in its long term goals, to investigate early trends arising from the construction of an
urban subdivision.
27 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mirfath Ismail Shafeeq
Degree: PhD Building
Supervisors: Dr Nicholas Chileshe Dr Sam Baroudi
Project title: Investigation of Infrastructure Development Projects in Small Island Nations
Investigation of Infrastructure Development Projects in Small Island Nations Abstract:
Infrastructure Development Projects in developing countries that are aimed at economic
development and social needs of the nation are sometimes financed by foreign aid. International
organisations such as the World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, AusAID and USAID assist
the recipient governments after bilateral agreements are made at the initial stage of the project. It
is important to identify the issues related to past experiences from developed countries,
developing countries and small nations, so that a more successful outcome can be achieved in the
implementation of the projects in the future. The study aims to identify these issues that arise in
Infrastructure Development projects in small island nations, which have implications for policy
makers as well as project managers to consider in the planning and implementation of such
projects.
Keywords: Developing Countries, Foreign Aid, Infrastructure Development Projects, Project
Management, Social and Human issues, Small-Island-Nations
28 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Sheryn Pitman
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisor: Professor Chris Daniels
Project title: Ecological Literacy and Sustainability: An evaluation of the ecological literacy of the South Australian adult population
Evaluating the ecological literacy of the South Australian adult population Abstract: Ecological literacy is the ability to know and understand places as ecological systems, including
the ways in which they function and how they connect with other systems. A growing concern
throughout the world is that the consequence of increasing ecological illiteracy amongst our
citizenry and governance is an unstable basis for a sustainable future.
This research project involves the design of a survey instrument to assess the ecological literacy
of the adult community of South Australia. The instrument has been developed with help from
professors of ecology and related sciences. It has been tested on two distinct groups: tertiary-
educated practitioners working in ecologically related fields and local-government manual
workers with no tertiary education. Results include an acceptable level of internal consistency
among the questions and a statistically significant difference between the two groups tested.
The survey instrument will be used to assess ecological knowledge and understanding within
selected sectors of our citizenry and governance organisations. The study will also explore the
factors that influence ecological literacy and consider the role of ecological literacy in planning
and decision making processes.
29 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mary-Anne Binnie
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisors: Professor John Cann Associate Professor Jim Jago
Project title: Application of benthic foraminifera to infer
Holocene sea level changes in northern Spencer
Gulf, South Australia.
A review of foraminiferal research in the gulf waters of South Australia Abstract:
This presentation discusses the work conducted on foraminifera in sediment samples taken from
the gulf waters of South Australia. The main aims of this research are 1) to critically assess the
use of benthic foraminifera as environmental proxies, particularly in relation to water depth, and
2) to determine the Holocene palaeo-sea-level history for northern Spencer Gulf. Previous
research shows that there is a strong correlation between species distribution and water depth.
Analyses of present day foraminiferal assemblages from Gulf St Vincent and Onkaparinga
Estuary in South Australia and Shark Bay in Western Australia provide baseline data of species
distribution in estuarine and shallow marine environments. This enables interpretation of fossil
foraminifera preserved in core samples taken from northern Spencer Gulf. The findings thus far
support the use of benthic foraminifera as proxies for palaeo-environmental interpretations.
Using these interpretations it is hoped to determine variations in sea levels over the past 10,000
years.
30 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Zainul Baharuddin
Degree: PhD Planning
Supervisors: Dr Alpana Sivam Professor Chris Daniels Dr Sadasivam Karuppannan
Project title: Perception on Urban Wildlife in Kuala Lumpur
Wildlife Knowledge Among Peoples in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract:
Urban biodiversity has received lot of attention across the world. Recent convention at Nagoya
reinforce the commitment towards conservation of biodiversity in urban planning and design.
Local planning, habitat conservation, public and stakeholder awareness are key contributing to
urban sustainability. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) assessment has been widely
applied to investigate the level of people‟s knowledge of biodiversity. However, majority of the
existing studies focus on wildlife and biodiversity and fewer number of investigations are on
public knowledge associated with urban biodiversity.
This paper presents urban dwellers‟ knowledge and awareness of biodiversity in Kuala Lumpur.
Knowledge is a critical factor that influence people‟s attitude to biodiversity and thereby muster
support for conservation. The study present results of a survey of urban residents live within a
distance of 2kms from urban parks. People were asked to identify, from pictures, commonly
found wildlife species in urban parks. Majority of residents correctly identified commonly
found birds and reptile species and their knowledge of protected bird species was low. People‟s
knowledge of wildlife and its relation with education, gender, ethnicity, length of living in
urban areas are investigated. The findings of this research would be beneficial in devising
policies for conservation of urban biodiversity and promote sustainable planning and design of
cities.
31 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Gusri Yaldi
Degree: PhD Transport Systems Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Michael A P Taylor Dr Wen Long Yue
Project title: Developing Neural Network Approach for Travel Demand Modelling
Forecasting origin-destination matrices by using neural network approach: A comparison of testing performance between back propagation, variable learning rate and levenberg-marquardt algorithms Abstract: The previous studies suggest that the Neural Network (NN) approach is able to model the
commodity, migration and work trip flows. However, its generalization performance is poor,
compared to the well known doubly constrained gravity model. This paper is intended to fix
the testing performance of NN by training the models with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM)
algorithm, while the previous studies used standard Back propagation (BP), Quickprop and
Variable Learning Rate (VLR) algorithms. The main difference between those algorithms is
the technique used in defining the optimum connection weights. Then, the trained and
validated model is used to forecast trip numbers from different Trip production and Trip
Attraction dataset.
The testing results suggest that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 168, 152 and 125
for model trained with BP, VLR and LM respectively, while the R2 values are 0.194 0.315,
0.505. The models trained by using BP and VLR have underestimate of forecasted total trip
numbers, while the LM algorithm has slightly higher numbers. The same data set is then
calibrated by using Hyman's technique for the doubly constrained gravity model. The testing
RMSE and R2 for gravity model is 127 and 0.507 respectively. It means the NN model has
about the same level of error and goodness of fit as the gravity model, for testing level. Based
on these results from this study, it can be concluded that the testing performance of NN
approach can be refined to the same level as doubly constrained gravity model when the
model is trained by LM algorithm.
32 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Rina Aleman
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisors: Dr Topa Petit Ms Joan Gibbs Dr Phil Ainsley
Project title: Conservation and seed biology of
Brachyscome species in South Australia
After-ripening Requirements of Brachyscome species in South Australia Abstract: The genus Brachyscome is a group of small daisies in the family Compositae (Asteraceae),
and is found throughout the Australasian region. These daisies are sought after as flowering
pot-plants and garden plants, but many also have conservation significance, and are at risk of
becoming extinct in the wild. Most notable in South Australia are the endangered B.
decipiens, B. diversifolia, and B. muelleri. Many of these species are difficult to germinate,
and therefore require research into the seed biology. This part of my research involves
experiments to determine whether after-ripening is a requirement in many of the species that
appear to be difficult to germinate. After-ripening is a process that occurs in seeds either
during controlled storage or in the soil, and leads dormant seeds to a non dormant state. The
after-ripening process can be affected by conditions such as humidity, temperature, and
duration of storage. I aim to determine the most effective conditions and durations of after-
ripening for some of the species that are difficult to germinate.
33 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Ivan Iankov
Degree: PhD Transport Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Michael Taylor Dr Rocco Zito
Project title: Modelling Australian road transport greenhouse emissions in carbon constrained economy
Developing new environmental rating scheme for passenger vehicles Abstract:
This presentation describes a vehicle emissions testing methodology that allows a comparison
between current Australian Green Vehicle Guide (GVG) and European (EcoTest) vehicle
environmental evaluations. Comparisons are also made with a third testing program which
includes the use of the Composite Urban Emission Drive Cycle (CUEDC) as the emissions
test cycle. For the purposes of the study 30 vehicles are tested. The vehicle selection is a
representative sample of currently sold vehicles in Australia.
Initial results show that the Australian GVG has rather limited real world applicability for
vehicle rating. Successful advanced emission reduction technologies could not be rewarded in
the current eco rating because GVG does not consider vehicle class. GVG rating can provide
only limited input for environmental impact under different traffic conditions. At the end of
the analyses, the study makes recommendations for improvement in current environmental
rating scheme and that could lead to the creation of a new environmental rating system of
vehicles.
34 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Michael James Heath
Degree: PhD Sustainable Environments
Supervisors: Dr Sophie Petit Ms Joan Gibbs
Project title: Direct seed mix and tubestocking treatments
for restoration of degraded agricultural land,
Pt Wakefield, South Australia
Comparison of four year old high and low diversity direct seeding
treatments for the restoration of agricultural land, Pt Wakefield, South
Australia
Abstract: Land managers require accurate information of how direct seeding should best be applied for
the restoration of degraded agricultural land, as the treatment requires large amounts of native
seeds which are in limited supply. Considering this I compared the success of various
diversities of direct seed mix treatments at restoring biodiversity, community structure and
ecological function of a vacant agricultural semi-arid site. The treatments tested include a low
diversity seed mix of 13 local provenance species of vascular plants and a high diversity seed
mix of 20 species, determining whether the treatments are adequate for revegetating the site
through the comparison to neighbouring remnant ecosystems and previous revegetation
attempts. The vascular plant communities are compared in terms of density, frequency,
percentage cover, species richness, species diversity and percentage exotics.
35 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Jantanee Dumrak
Degree: Doctor of Project Management
Supervisors: Dr Sam Baroudi Dr Stephen Pullen
Project title: Evaluating collaborative reproductive Health programs in Thailand
Definitions of Sustainable Outcome from Reproductive Health Projects: Thailand’s Perspectives Abstract: Disparity of Reproductive Health (RH) and its impacts on human rights, health conditions,
economic prosperity and population development have been highly concerned topic since it was
raised at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo,
Egypt in 1994 and become a core part of development especially for the developing nations like
Thailand. Despite extensive assistance and funding from international development
organisations, critical RH issues in many developing countries still remain as solving RH
problems becomes highly sensitive. RH development usually involves behavioural changes and
socio-cultural factors which require a vast amount of time and resources top of that in depth
research. Those research works can design the sustainable outcomes that required addressing
RH issues. The term „sustainable outcome‟ has been widely acknowledged since the emergence
of sustainability concepts.
Understanding scope of the term and elaborating it into practices help project managers deliver
the expected outcomes. The definition, scope and practices must be clearly stated and
accurately communicated between project managers and their team members. This study
attempts to unify the definition of „sustainable outcome‟ from reproductive health projects in
Thailand. The study indicates the factors that may influence on how the term is defined.
36 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Sabir Hussain
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Associate Professor John Van Leeuwen Professor Simon Beecham Associate Professor Chris Chow Associate Professor Mary Drikas
Project title: Optimization of NOM removal from surface waters by novel treatment methods for the supply of drinking water
Adsorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from surface Waters by enhanced coagulation using alum and HPAC as novel coagulant Abstract: The adsorption mechanism of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was examined for enhanced
coagulation using two surface waters i.e. Morgan water (River Murray) and Myponga
Reservoir. Coagulation was performed using alum and a novel coagulant, named as „high
performance polyaluminium chloride‟ (HPAC) at various pHs (5.5-8.5) and doses (60-200
mgAl/L). NOM characterization was performed using resin fractionation and high performance
size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) techniques. The adsorbed DOC rate of Morgan water
was higher than the Myponga water. For Morgan and Myponga waters, the maxima adsorbed
DOC was occurred about 77% and 63% at pH 5.5. By comparison, at pH 8.5 about 63% and
49% removals occurred using 150 mgAl/L coagulant dose, respectively. A coagulant dose of 60
mgAl/L showed less DOC removal (about 64% and 47% for alum, and about 73% and 58% for
HPAC) compared with the higher dose of 200 mg Al/L (about 73% and 63% for alum, and
about 78% and 72% for HPAC) at pHs 6 and 8.5, respectively. The coagulant dose 130 mg/L
was found to be the optimum dose. Reductions in apparent molecular weight (AMW) of NOM
were compared by AWM zoning distribution. Increased alkalinity of raw water decreased the
DOC adsorption rate at non-controlled coagulation pH. It was found that for both waters, the
novel coagulant (HPAC) showed better DOC adsorption at all pHs than the alum.
37 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Li Meng
Degree: PhD in Transport Systems Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Michael Taylor Emeritus Professor Steve Hamnett Dr Andrew Allan
Project title: An assessment of transit-oriented development using a suburban rail corridor
Experiment design for transit-oriented development Abstract: The main aim of transit-oriented development is to find more sustainable travel modes as
alternatives to private car use through an integration of land use and transport planning with
joint government agencies. TOD is related to multi-complex factors, such as affordable
housing, proximity to local services. TOD strategies need to be based on consultation with
local residents and consideration of their preferences on how they would like to see their
community develop in the future.
Discrete choice models are an advanced tool for analysing heterogeneity in individual
behaviour. In this TOD study, discrete choice models will use household surveys for revealed
preference data (socio-demographic factors) and stated preference data (hypothetic choices) to
analyse the relationship between local resident‟s self-selection and their perception of the
importance of the TOD objectives. Hypothetic questionnaire experiment design is based on
station interchange observations and the result of local resident focus groups for defining the
attributes of choices. These attributes and levels are then allocated in the choice set by
optimised Bayesian efficient prior parameters. After the data is collected and calibrated into
models, the outputs can be recommended as guidance for future TOD policy planning criteria
and measures.
38 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mohamad Fared Murshed
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors:
Associate Professor John Van Leeuwen Associate Professor Chris Chow Professor Simon Beecham
Project title: Development of novel modeling approach for optimizing drinking water treatment process of the River Murray, South Australia, impacted by climate change
A study of the character of natural organic matter with alum impacted by climate change Abstract: Climate change has been predicted as a major factor that will contribute to future water quality
changes. Increased in temperature, drier and wetter periods have already led to recognizable
problems including increased nutrient concentrations and variable organic content in surface
waters. These natural contaminants lead to water problems in water resources (e.g
eutrophication) and the treatment plant (e.g. high organic concentration in treated water) which
result in degraded portable supply water quality and a higher risk to human health. The natural
organic matter component (NOM) may not be easy to remove by coagulation-flocculation
processes at the water treatment plant, even at high dosage applications. Current treatment
technologies such as membrane filtration (ultra, nano and reverse osmosis [RO]) and
absorption (activated carbon) are very successful for the removal of these contaminants but are
expensive in full scale treatment plant applications. Therefore, understanding the behaviour of
NOM is important in order to optimize coagulation process in conventional water treatment
plant. This research paper aims to study the character of natural organic matter in River
Murray impacted by climate change and determine the best solution to overcome this problem.
Moreover, this paper also determines the treatability and limitation of coagulation process by
using alum for River Murray, South Australia
39 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Jintawadee Suksri
Degree: PhD Transport Systems Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Raluca Raicu Dr Wen Long Yue
Project title: Sustainable urban freight distribution
Preliminary findings from retailer’s survey
Abstract:
Movement and delivery of goods plays a crucial role in urban economic and social
development. Urban areas as a hub of trade, retail businesses and social activities, cannot
function well without adequate urban freight transport systems. However, the negative impacts
of urban freight distribution cannot be neglected. Various measures have been implemented
worldwide to improve transport efficiency and also achieve sustainable urban freight
distribution systems.
The research is examining urban freight distribution with particular focus on the “last
kilometre” distribution. The retailer‟s survey has been conducted to investigate the current
freight distribution, organisation and attitudes towards alternative means of distribution. Issues
that have transpired from the retailer‟s survey of goods deliveries and collections in the Rundle
Mall Precinct of Adelaide will be discussed with some preliminary findings.
40 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Chathurika Subhashini Wella Hewage
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Guna Hewa Alankarage Mr David Pezzaniti
Project title: Methodologies to assess the performance of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) measures in maintaining natural status of flow regimes of urbanised catchments
Automatic calibration of the SWMM model using PEST
Abstract: US EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a semi-distributed physically based
model which is commonly used for simulating hydrological response from various landscapes.
Application of physically based model requires model calibration to ensure reliable model
predictions. Manual calibration of SWMM is time-consuming and inefficient. Automatic
calibration procedures help in achieving more efficient, fast and less subjective model
calibration. The aim of this presentation is to describe the incorporation of automatic
calibration software, PEST (Parameter ESTimation) to optimise SWMM parameters. PEST is
employed to calibrate the most sensitive parameters of the SWMM model. A set of optimised
parameters was achieved by adjusting the calibration parameters within a reasonable parameter
range until the objective function minimum is reached. The procedure is demonstrated by using
Scott Creek catchment as a case study catchment. Scott Creek catchment of 27 km2 is located
in the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. The results demonstrated that PEST has
improved the model calibration performance which was measured in terms of Nash-Sutcliff
coefficients. Further, it was evident from the results that though PEST is a local optimisation
routine, it could increase the efficiency of model calibration process and thus a credible
alternative to manual calibration.
41 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Susilawati
Degree: PhD Transport Systems Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Michael A P Taylor Dr Sekhar Somenahalli
Project title: The development of urban arterial travel time variability metrics
Modeling urban travel time variability with the Burr regression technique Abstract: The need for more reliable travel time in urban areas in order to provide better transport service
to the community has attracted many studies to model travel time reliability and variability. The
travel time distribution is basic knowledge for this modeling, and studies to fit continuous
parametric distributions to travel time distribution have been conducted since the early 1950s.
Two sets of empirical travel time data collected by GPS equipped vehicles in Adelaide indicate
that travel time distributions are positively skewed and have long upper tails. The Burr
distribution has been found to provide a good fit to the data.
Utilising the Burr distribution properties and the Burr regression technique, this paper models
the Adelaide urban arterial travel time variability by considering traffic variables such as link
length, congestion index and degree of saturation. This study suggests how to fill some current
gaps in travel time variability modeling, especially for urban arterial roads. It should also be
useful for further travel time variability studies such as the valuation of travel time variability
effects.
42 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Caijuan Yan
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Linda Zou Professor Rob Short
Project title: Composite Conductive Electrodes for Low Energy Desalination
Single-walled carbon nanotubes and polyaniline composite for capacitive desalination Abstract: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel technology for low energy desalination. It is based on
the theory of electrical double layer. When the electrode is charge put in a solution of ions, the
counter ions, that is the oppositely charged ions will be attracted to the electrode and hold in the
electrical double layer formed at the interface of solution and electrode. The electrode material
is the essential part for CDI. To develop suitable electrode material for CDI, composites of
single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNTs) and polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized through a
dip-coating method from N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and used as ion selecting positive
electrode in Capacitive deionization (CDI). FTIR was used to characterize the SWCNTs/PANI
composites. SWCNTs treated with concentrate nitric acid were used as negative electrode. The
morphology of both electrode materials were investigated by TEM and their specific surface
area and porous structure measured by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms on a Belsorp
system. Their electrochemical behaviour was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) carried out in
an electrochemical workstation Autolab PGSTAT128N. CDI test was conducted on a bench
scale CDI system.
43 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Siddharth Gaurav
Degree: Doctor in Project Management
Supervisors: Dr Nicholas Chileshe Dr Tony Ma
Project title: Project Risk Management: An assessment of Renewable Energy Projects in India
An assessment of renewable energy projects in India Abstract: The use of renewable energy has been regarded as one of the solutions to the mounting
problems of climate change and worlds current heavy reliance on fossil fuels. While some
countries have made significant advances in renewable energy projects, India‟s growth rate is
sluggish. Renewable Energy contractors and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) have often been criticised due to a history of missing targets for Renewable
installations. The negligence in mitigating risks at an organisational level, as well as a project
level, can affect renewable energy projects at a catastrophic level. The literature corresponding
to risk management under the domain of project management is very broad. In addition, much
information is available on financial renewable energy risks. However, this information lacks
clarity on the subject of project risk management integrated with renewable energy projects in
relation to Project Management Offices (PMOs) in Indian context. The aim of this research is to
investigate the state of renewable energy including the approaches and practices of PMOs in
mitigating renewable energy risks in India. Overall, the research establishes and assesses the
knowledge base of assorted risks that continue to act as a hindrance in renewable energy project
developments in India.
44 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Syamsul Hidayat
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Guna Hewa Alankarage Mr David Pezzaniti
Project title: Investigation into Optimisation Techniques for Multiobjectives Operation of Stormwater Harvesting Schemes
Combining simulation and optimization to optimize the operation of Northern Adelaide Water Harvesting Schemes Abstract: South Australia is the driest State in the driest inhabited Continent. Possible waterproofing
studies have been undertaking, one of which is at Northern Adelaide (NA). The site‟s water
harvesting schemes (WHR) will be operated in order to optimize the objective functions.
These functions will be optimized by using a combination of optimization techniques and
the WaterCress model.
Simulation-optimisation in this study can be run on real-time mode and predictive mode.
The first mode will be undertaken just after the cessation of a rainfall event. The input for
this mode is the characteristics of that rainfall. In contrast, “predictive mode” is defined as
the prediction of operation for the several next days. This mode requires the generation of
rainfall data.
This research can benefit the operation of NA WHR Schemes. The appropriate operational
decision making can be evaluated in a very short time. Further, the decision making process
can also determine the optimum solutions to maximise water supply and water harvest, as
well as to minimise flood flows and energy costs required for water delivery. Consequently,
simulation-optimisation model can assist the operator to get the quick and smart decisions.
45 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Tim Johnson
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Don Cameron Dr Greg Moore
Project title: Trees, Stormwater, Soil and Civil Infrastructure: Synergies Towards Sustainable Urban Design for a Changing Climate
Effects of Permeable Pavements on Soils and Tree Growth Rates Abstract: Permeable pavements of two different designs and controls of impermeable paving, each
incorporating a tree sapling and monitoring infrastructure, were constructed in 2009 to enable
their effects on underlying soils and surrounding infrastructure to be investigated. Data
collected over two years provides insight into relationships between the sealed and unsealed
footpath surfaces, soil moisture levels, soil reactivity, tree growth and water use. Seasonal soil
moisture levels beneath permeable pavements have been marginally lower than levels recorded
beneath impermeable pavements. Young trees planted in permeable footpaths have grown
taller than trees planted in impermeable surrounds. Monitoring of relative surface levels has not
revealed any perceptible difference in soil heave and settlement due to the differing pavement
types.
46 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Mohamed Mossad
Degree: PhD Environmental Science
Supervisors: Research Professor Linda Zou
Project title: Ground water desalination using capacitive deionization process
Electrosorptive behavior under various operational conditions in the capacitive deionization process
Abstract:
Capacitive deionization (CDI) represents one of the most important electrosorption processes
for the desalination of brackish water. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of
operational conditions on the CDI electrosorption efficiency and energy consumption, identify
ion selectivity in multi-ionic solutions and to probe the effect of dissolved reactive silica on the
treatment efficiency. It was found that the electrosorption removal efficiency was inversely
related to solution temperature, initial TDS concentration and the applied flow rate. CDI
energy consumption is inversely related to the flow rate and directly related to the TDS
concentration. Ion selectivity on activated carbon electrode followed the order of Fe3+
> Ca2+
>
Mg2+
> Na+ for cations and SO4
2- > Br
- > Cl
- > F
- > NO3
- for anions. Deterioration of carbon
electrodes by silica fouling was not observed when the feed solution contained dissolved
reactive silica.
47 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Abstracts – Students not Presenting at Colloquium
48 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Hamideh Nouri
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Simon Beecham Dr Fatemeh Kazemi Associate Professor Ali Hassanli
Sustainable Irrigation and Nutrient Management for Landscape Plants using Water-demand Estimation and Determination Methods
Abstract:
Wastewater reuse for landscape irrigation is an important component of Adelaide‟s future plans
for sustainable water management, as outlined in both the city‟s 30 Year Plan and in the Water
for Good Plan. However, there are many complex challenges to be faced in terms of balancing
water use efficiency and nutrient management for landscape plants. Working closely with
partners SA Water and Adelaide City Council, this project will include a comprehensive review
of different evapotranspiration measurement methods, including data and equipment
requirements, efficiency, and assessment of the uncertainty associated with the various methods
for determining the water requirements of urban landscape plants. The nutrient removal
performance of landscape plant species will also be investigated. The study will focus on three
major evapotranspiration (ET) measurement techniques, namely: (1) water use classification of
landscape species (WUCOLS); (2) soil water energy balance; and (3) remote sensing. Park 21
within the Adelaide Park Lands will be used as the study area. This is selected because of the
significance of the Adelaide Park Lands as an urban vegetated area and also because it will also
be an important consumer of reclaimed wastewater. The outcomes of this research will
contribute to the theoretical and methodological development of water and nutrient balances for
landscape plants.
49 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Craig Wightman
Degree: PhD Urban and Regional Planning
Supervisors: Dr Andrew Allan Dr Sadasivam Karuppannan
Project title: Cycling infrastructure and increasing modal share
A comparative study of cyclist behaviours and preferences in Adelaide and Atlanta, Georgia Abstract: Australian and US Governments have identified cycling as a modal share that needs to be
increased as it can assist in reducing problems such as car dependency, congestion, obesity
and pollution. Almost all cities and states in both countries have cycling strategies employed
to obtain these increases. Identifying the factors that stop people from cycling and what
measures need to be implemented to get people to cycle is examined, surveying residents in
Adelaide, South Australia and Atlanta, Georgia in the United States.
A self-completion questionnaire targeted at residents in cities of Adelaide and Atlanta that
are deemed to have access to good quality cycling infrastructure is deployed to answer a
number of questions regarding the role cycling infrastructure has with a person‟s decision to
cycle and their perception of safety while riding on cycling infrastructure. The questionnaire
is then replicated in areas with no access or access to poor quality cycling infrastructure in
both Adelaide and Atlanta.
50 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Abdelhalim Azam
Degree: PhD Civil Engineering
Supervisors: Dr Don Cameron
Project title: Recycled clay masonry in pavement construction
Properties of recycled demolition waste for pavement construction Abstract:
Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and recycled crushed clay masonry (RCM) can be used as
pavement material. This paper presents the engineering characteristics of blends of RCM with
RCA from two Adelaide based RCA producers of pavement class materials. The proportion by
dry mass of RCM is typically 20% of the total aggregate mass, although other blends are
considered. In this paper results are reported of standard engineering classification tests and
static triaxial shear strength tests. Initial matric suctions were determined by the filter paper
method on companion samples to determine the influence of suction on strength. Triaxial
specimens were tested between 60% and 100% of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and a dry
density ratio of 98% of Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Four-day soaked CBR values of mixes
cohesion varied between zero and 187 kPa and was found to be dependent on both percent of
OMC and the material source. A Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) was determined for
each of the 20% RCM products. As expected, increase of initial sample suction resulted in
increase in the undrained shear strength of the soil.
51 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Wun Kwong Ng
Degree: PhD Project Management
Supervisor: Associate Professor George Zillante Dr Jian Zuo
Project title: The future of Project Procurement (PP) used in the Hong Kong consumer electronics industry
Project Procurement strategies in the Hong Kong consumer electronics industry – case studies
Abstract:
Selection of an appropriate Project Procurement (PP) method plays a critical role to enhance the
project success. The consumer electronics industry is no exception. A qualitative study using
case studies of three companies was conducted to investigate the current situation and trend of
project procurement methods currently adopted in the Hong Kong consumer electronics (CE)
industry. This research highlighted common factors to be considered for the selection of project
procurement strategies in the consumer electronics industry. Risks involved in the procurement
process are highlighted. Effective risk management strategies are discussed. This paper provides
insight into how the client and supplier select and manage the PP method.
Results showed that Design and Construct (DC), Design separated from Construction (DsfC) and
Novation Contract (NC) are the major PP methods used in the consumer electronics industry. To
cope with the significant challenges, the three companies have flexibly adapted themselves using
different PP method or changing the PP method. Based on the findings of case studies,
recommendations for improvement of new CE product development projects in Hong Kong are
proposed.
52 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Rayan Jamali
Degree: Master By Research - Water Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Simon Beecham Associate Professor Ali Hassanli Mr David Pezzaniti
Project title: Soil Salinity and Nitrogen Management in the Northern Adelaide Plains
Determination of Optimal Leaching Scenarios for Salinity and Nutrient Management Abstract: The world will face a challenging problem to provide required food and fibre for its population as
noted by the FAO, and the other international organizations, and scientific research institutions. It
seems it is the time to focus on how to increase irrigation water use efficiency. Recycled water
contains small amount of organic and inorganic dissolved solids. As an important factor of water
resource management, recycled wastewater presents an alternative option for the agricultural
industry. The main objective of this research is to develop salinity and nitrogen irrigation
management strategy for BMP in an almond plantation field. In this study an almond plantation
field in the Northern Adelaide Plains will be used as the field experiment. Almond crops are
selected because of their sensitivity to salinity which makes the study more valuable for almond
growers. Two experimental fields are selected; one irrigated by bore water and the other irrigated
by recycled wastewater. Both experimental fields are irrigated by sprinkler irrigation systems.
This project will determine the optimal leaching scenarios and irrigation requirements for the
study area. In addition, the best practical irrigation management regime for salinity and nutrient
management will be determined.
Keywords: recycled water, bore water, sprinkler irrigation, almond, north Adelaide plane.
53 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Noor Ismah Hashim
Degree: PhD Project Management
Supervisors: Dr Nicholas Chileshe Dr Sam Baroudi
Project title: Management of multiple projects environment: an investigation from Australian construction industry
Project manager’s perspectives on managing multiple projects environment:
an investigation from Australian construction industry
Abstract
The traditional project management regulates among the practice of single project management
which is the most common type that typically described in project management. Its operation
usually straightforward and requires minimal monitoring and control by the project manager.
However, managing single project for a project manager nowadays is no longer sufficient in
today‟s organizations whereby the managerial focus in organisation has shifted toward
simultaneous management of whole collections of projects as one large entity, and toward
effective linking of this set of projects to the ultimate business purpose. Hence, the
aforementioned is best acknowledged through the experiences and perceptions of multiple
project managers. The continuation of development process in construction industry
revolves around multiple disciplines with wide range of activities. The capability of project
manager is confined through this industry that fundamentally practices the management of
multiple projects. Therefore, the influencing factors are listed and the major challenges are
identified through questionnaire, interviews, and observations upon project managers as well as
the operation of the organisation in order to explore the desirable success criteria. The
relationship between the factor, criteria and the effectiveness and efficiency in managing
multiple projects environment are measured. To test the relationship, the research is design for
correlational field study which provides differential predictions alternative explanation between
variables, and look at the extent on how far the variables are related. As a result, the research
will develop better understanding towards the management of multiple projects environments in
forming the foundation of guidelines and provision of useful information for the development
of strategies aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of project managers operating
within the multiple construction projects in Australia.
54 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Sara Azari
Degree: PhD Water Engineering
Supervisors: Professor Linda Zou
Project title: Antifouling Surface Modification of the
membranes used for desalination
Surface modification of thin film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes using multifunctional amino acid L-DOPA to enhance fouling resistance Abstract: In the face of urban world‟s continuing demand for increased water supply sustainability, there
are renewed interests for reverse osmosis (RO) technique to be used in water desalination and
waste water treatment. However, fouling is a hindrance in widespread application of this
technology in water treatment processes. Failure of RO systems due to fouling is costing
industry millions of dollars. Therefore This study focuses on incorporation of redox functional
amino acid L-dopa onto commercial RO membranes to reduce membrane fouling. The
membranes were modified via circulating the DOPA solution over the membrane top surface.
The contact angle measurements indicated that the hydrophilicity of the coated membranes was
significantly improved. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was utilized to determine the chemical
composition of the membranes surface and confirmed the presence of charged groups on the
highly coated membrane. While the salt rejection remained intact, a systematic increase in
water flux was observed for the samples coated up to 12 hours. To investigate the fouling
resistance of the membranes, a series of the cross flow filtration tests were carried out using
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Alginic acid sodium salt solution as the feed. The modified
membranes exhibited less flux decline than the original sample.
55 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
Name: Salim Al Mamary
Degree: Doctor of Project Management
Supervisors: Associate Professor George Zillante Dr Nicholas Chileshe
Project title: Risk Management Approach Management under Climatic Change: Aflaj the tradition Irrigation system
Risk Management Approach Management under Climatic Change: Aflaj the tradition Irrigation system Abstract: The Aflaj system is an indigenous engineering technique for an ancient irrigation system in
Oman. Aflaj were created by the ancient Omanis civilisation hundreds of years ago to supply
water for irrigation and domestic use and have become an important part of the Omanis social
life and heritage. Climate change has had a profound effect on the Middle East and has led to a
rise in temperature, a drop in rainfall coupled with droughts and heat waves in recent years. In
Aflaj system, the impacts of climate change are reflected in the form of degradation of Falaj
numbers and noticeable reduction of water flow. The aim of the research is to show the effect of
climate change on the Aflaj system and to examine the risks associated with climate change and
its impacts on the Aflaj system. Given the importance of the Aflaj system to the Omanis
society, a risk management approach is used in this research to highlights the potential negative
effects and recommends strategies to mitigate the risks. The strategy recommends better water
management through improved water demand and supply management, impact minimisation
and monitor and control. With all of these measures, impacts of climate change on Aflaj system
can be reduced.
56 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
2011 Research Student Commencements –
School of Natural and Built Environments
Mr Sabir Hussain
Mr Mahdi M A M Ali Gholoum
Mr Syamsul Hidayat
Mr Arron Frank Lethorn
Miss Carmel Chiu Sutcliffe
Mr Craig Scott Wightman
Mrs Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi
Mr Oliver Moinul Hosain
Ms Mirfath Shafeeq
Mrs Yasodinee Dilrukshi Wimalasiri
Mr Dong Lin
Mr El-Sayed El-Sayed Abd-Elaal Metwally
Mr Bernard Thomas (Tom) Benn
Mr Alan William Joseph Hutchings
57 Sustain 11 School of Natural and Built Environments November 2011
2011 Research Student Commencements continued
School of Natural and Built Environments
Mr Saad Alsharrah
Mr Alexander George Sims
Mr Asif Iqbal
Mr Mike Robert Sidney Geen
Ms Lovisa Maria Rosnas
Mr Manamperi Mudiyanselage Sugath Swarnaratna Bandara Yalegama
Miss Marina Carolina Johanna Louter
Mr Abdullah Abdullmohsen M Alrajhi
Mr Keyvan Pourhassan
Mr Nick Rowe Langsford
Mr Zillur Rabbi
Miss Noor Ismah Hashim
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