Science meets Dharma Food and digestion – Level 2A / 2B Jangchub Choeling Nunnery Mundgod
Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi Page 11 September 2006
Summary digestion and absorption
Digestion Absorption Carohydrates Proteins Fats / Oils Carbohydrates
and Proteins. Fats / Oils Minerals,
Vitamins, Water
Oral cavity Teeth: mechanically Saliva: starch and glycogen shorter chains and double-sugar
Teeth: mechanically Teeth: mechanically
Stomach Hydrochloric acid and pepsin: Proteins shorter chains (= peptides)
Duodenum (first part of small intestine)
Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: Shorter C-H-chains double-sugar and glucose
Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: proteins and peptides amino acids
Bile salts: Emulsification of fats Pancreatic juice and intestinal juice: fats fatty acids and glycerol
Small intestine (Ileum)
Intestinal juice: Double-sugars single sugar (= glucose)
Intestinal juice: Short peptides amino acids
Intestinal juice: fats fatty acids + glycerol
By blood capillaries in the villi
By lymph capillaries (Lacteals) in the villi
Partly by blood capillaries in the villi
Large intestine (Colon)
Mainly by cell membranes of the colon
Science meets Dharma Food and digestion – Level 2A / 2B Jangchub Choeling Nunnery Mundgod
Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi Page 12 September 2006
Fats Sweetssss
Milk Proteins Dairy (plants, animals)
Fruits Vegetables (minerals (minerals vitamins) vitamins
roughage)
Carbohydrates
(starch, glycogen)
Pyramid of nutrients 5% Chocolate, ice-cream, refined sugar, oil, butter, fatty meet Milk, cheese, yoghurt, dairy
25% Lean meet, fish, eggs, Pulses such as peas, lentils, soya beans
30% Mango, orange, apple, peach, berries Cauliflower, cabbage, eggplants, onions, tomatoes, lettuce, carrots
40% Cereals / flour, rice, maize, bread, noodles, potatoes
A balanced diet includes a good amount of energy suppliers (carbohydrates and fats), plenty of fruits and vegetables to provide the necessary mineral salts and vitamins as well as roughage to support digestion, sufficient dairy, meet, fish and pulses to build the proteins needed and a small amount fatty and sugary foodstuff.
Science meets Dharma Food and digestion – Level 2A / 2B Jangchub Choeling Nunnery Mundgod
Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi Page 13 September 2006
Science meets Dharma Food and digestion – Level 2A / 2B Jangchub Choeling Nunnery Mundgod
Hans Schmid / Tenzin Choekyi Page 14 September 2006
Food / Nutrient (100 g)
Water
(g)
Carbo- Hydrates
(g)
Minerals Vitamins
(g)
Proteins
(g)
Fats/Oils
(g)
Energy delivery
(kJ)
Remarks
Sunflower oil - - - - 100 3900 Energy supply
Hazelnut 10 13 1 14 62 2890 Nuts are healthy, but with a lot of fats
Full-cream milk 87.5 5 0.5 3.5 3.5 275 Vitamin A, Calcium, Zinc} essential amino Meat (pork) 61.5 - 0.5 18 20 1200 Iron, Zinc } acids and ess.
Fish (flounder) 69 - 1 15 15 550 Vitamin D, Iodine, } fatty acids Soya flour 13.5 26 2.5 37 21 1900 Practically all that is needed
Apple 83.5 15 0.5 1 - 290 Vitamin C
Spinach 94.5 2 1.5 2 - 75 Vitamin A and C, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium
Carrot 90.5 8 0.5 1 - 160 Vitamin A
Banana 74.5 24 0.5 1 - 440 No typical fruit
Wholegrain bread 45.5 46 0.5 7 1 1000 Vitamin A, Calcium
Rice 15.5 75 0.5 7 2 1500 Vitamin B
Potato 78.5 19 0.5 2 - 350 Vitamin C
Honey 20 78 1 1 - 1390 Practically no proteins
Food and Energy (Unit of energy: 1 kilojoule (1 kJ)
1g carbohydrate 18 kJ 1g fat 39 kJ 1g protein 20 kJ (1g alcohol 30 kJ)
12 % Prot.
25 % Fats
63 % Carbo- hydrates
The energy released by the digestion of food comes – on the average – 63% from carbohydrates 25% from proteins 12% from fats
The energy needed per day very much depends on the physical work to be done, on the body weight, on the age of the person and also on the sex. To get an idea: A child of 4 years needs about 5 000 kJ per day A teeny of 18 years needs about 13 000 kJ per day if male about 10 000 kJ per day if female An adult of 45 years needs about 10 000 kJ per day if male about 8 000 kJ per day if female
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