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StructuralismStructuralismI. Basic Principles of. Basic Principles ofMarxismarxismII. Three QuestionsI. Three QuestionsIII. Strengths andII. Strengths andWeaknesseseaknessesIV. The TheoriesV. The TheoriesComparedompared
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Key Marxist ThinkersKey Marxist Thinkers Karl Marx (1818Karl Marx (1818--83)83) V.I. Lenin (1870V.I. Lenin (1870--1924)1924)
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Basic Marxist PrinciplesBasic Marxist Principles Dialectical Approachialectical Approach
ThesisThesis antithesisantithesis synthesissynthesis Economic development is dynamic and conflictualEconomic development is dynamic and conflictual
Materialismaterialism Structure and SuperstructureStructure and Superstructure Economics primary over PoliticsEconomics primary over Politics
Historicismistoricism Primitive communismPrimitive communismAncient EmpiresAncient Empires FeudalismFeudalism
CapitalismCapitalism SocialismSocialism CommunismCommunism Historical contradictions of CapitalismHistorical contradictions of Capitalism
Lenin and ImperialismLenin and Imperialism Normative Commitment to Marxismormative Commitment to Marxism
Egalitarianism over efficiencyEgalitarianism over efficiency
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Marxist View of Societyarxist View of Society
Forces of Production(Material Resources and Technology)
Social Relations (Modes) of Production(Base or Structure)
Ideas, Values, Beliefs, Laws(Ideological Superstructure)
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Structuralism: Three QuestionsStructuralism: Three Questions What is the economy for?hat is the economy for?
Normative: To help the massesNormative: To help the masses Empirical: To serve the wealthy by exploiting the massesEmpirical: To serve the wealthy by exploiting the masses
How does the economy work?ow does the economy work? Dependency Theory (Terms of Trade and dependentDependency Theory (Terms of Trade and dependent
development)development) World System Theory (Core, Periphery andWorld System Theory (Core, Periphery and
Semiperiphery)Semiperiphery) Antonio Gramsci andAntonio Gramsci and Intellectual HegemonyIntellectual Hegemony
Relationship between Politics and Economics?elationship between Politics and Economics? Political organization derives from economicPolitical organization derives from economic
organizationorganization
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Structuralism: StrengthsStructuralism: Strengths Highlights Nature of Inequality in IPEHighlights Nature of Inequality in IPE Relates National Development toRelates National Development to
International EconomyInternational Economy
Anti-capitalism
protest in NYC
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Structuralism: WeaknessesStructuralism: Weaknesses Failure of CommunismFailure of Communism Poorly Developed ConceptsPoorly Developed Concepts Influence of International versus Domestic inInfluence of International versus Domestic in
National Economic DevelopmentNational Economic Development
Chiapas rebels
in Mexico
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The Theories ComparedThe Theories Compared
THEORY
BASICUNIT OF
ANALYSIS
PURPOSE OFTHE
NATIONAL
ECONOMY
UNDERLYINGLOGIC OF
ECONOMIC
INTERACTION
NATURE OFECONOMIC
INTERACTION
RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN
POLITICS AND
ECONOMICS
POLICYGUIDANCE
LiberalismPrivate
Actors(Individualsand Firms)
Promoteindividual
welfare (bymaximizingefficiency andgrowth)
Markets driven byprices (Laws ofSupply andDemand)
Harmoniousbetweenindividuals/States (absolutegains; everyone
wins)
Separate(Economicsshould be keptseparate from
politics)
DOMESTIC: freemarket and minimalgovt. interferenceINTERNATIONAL:free trade and capitalflows
Mercantilism
State
(NationalEconomy asEconomic
Tool of StatePower)
Promote statepower (vianationaleconomicdevelopment[producerinterests])
Markets driven by(state) market
power
Conflictual acrossstates (relativegains; some winmore than others)
United
(Economics altersstate power;economicssubordinate to
politics)
DOMESTIC:
Industrial policies[sectoral intervention]INTERNATIONAL:strategic trade[limited protection]
Structuralism
Class(Domination
of classeswithinCapitalism)
Promote classinterests
(domestic orcore vs.
periphery)
Markets driven byclass interests,
both domestic andinternational(unevendevelopment)
Conflictual acrossclasses and states
(system servesinterests ofdominant group)
Politics derivesfrom economics(politics
subordinate toeconomics;structure andsuperstructure)
DOMESTIC:protectionism and
import substitutionINTERNATIONAL:reform of IPE/closedeconomies
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