1
STROKE
Presented By:
Katherine Adams
2
Stroke• A stroke is a medical emergency in
which the blood supply to any portion of the brain is interrupted or reduced.
• Alternative names: Cerebrovascular accident/ disease (CVA), Cerebral infarction, Cerebral hemorrhage.
3
EpidemiologyStroke is the third leading cause of death
in the United States.
Every year 600,000 people will suffer a new or recurrent stroke, and of those, 160,000 will die.
4
The symptoms of a stroke are dependant on what portion of the brain is damage.
http://www.pdrhealth.com/patient_education/images/BHG01NE13F01.GIF
5
SYMPTOMS
• Paralysis or weakness in the face, arms and/or legs.
• Confusion.
• Personality changes.
• Sudden change in eyesight.
• Decreased motor skills.
• Severe headaches
A sudden development of one or more of the following symptoms usually indicates a stroke.
6
Types of stroke:
http://www.memorialhermann.org/library/healthguide/en-us/images/media/medical/hw/h5551195.jpg
7
Tests• Computed Tomography (CT)• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)• Cerebral Angiography: identify responsible
blood vessel• Electrocardiogram (ECG): underlying heart
conditions• Echocardiogram: blood clot from heart• Carotid Duplex: carotid artery stenosis• Heart monitors, blood work and many more
tests!!
8
Ischemic Stroke:• A blood vessel
becomes blocked and the blood supply to that part of your brain is blocked.
• Types of Ischemic strokes:– Thrombotic Stroke– Embolic Stroke
http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1014
9
Treatments• Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can be
given within three hours from the onset of symptoms.
In addition to being used to treat strokes, the following can also be used as preventative measures.– Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets– Carotid Endarterectomy– Angioplasty/Stents
10
Ischemic Stroke
http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/stroke/images/tumor.png
11
CT MRI
http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm
12
Hemorrhagic Stroke:
• A small blood vessel in the brain becomes weak and ruptures.
• Types of hemorrhagic stroke:– Intracerebral hemorrhage
(ICH)– Subarachnoid
hemorrhage
http://www.neuropathologyweb.org/chapter2/images2/2-23l.jpg
13
Treatment• Surgery is often required to remove
pooled blood from the brain and to repair damaged blood vessels.
Prevention:• An obstruction is introduced to prevent
rupture and bleeding of aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVM).– Surgical Intervention– Endovascular Procedures
14
Hemorrhagic Stroke
http://www.strokecenter.org/education/ais_ct_tool/index.htm
15
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
• Blood supply to the brain is only briefly interrupted
• Symptoms do not last long
• Warning Stroke- steps should be taken to prevent future stroke.
16
RISKS• TIA• CAD• High Blood Pressure• High Cholesterol• Smoking• Heart Disease• Diabetes
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Family History• Age• Sex• Race• Obesity
17
Prevention• Control high Blood Pressure• Lower cholesterol• Quit smoking• Control diabetes• Maintain healthy weight• Exercise• Manage stress• Eat a healthy diet
18
Prognosis• The results of a stroke vary depending
on the size and location, the presence of any associated medical problems, and the likelihood of recurring strokes.
• Dysfunctions correspond to the area in the brain that had been damaged.
19
ReferencesAcute and Preventative Treatments. (2007). American Stroke
Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2532
Diagnosis. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2552
Diagnosis (2007) Society Of Interventional Radiology. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/strokediagnosis.shtml
Impact of Stroke. (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1033
Neurological Diagnostic Tests and Procedures. (2006) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March 4,2007 fromhttp://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/misc/diagnostic_tests.html
20
ReferencesStroke (2006) Mayo Clinic. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www://mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/DS00150Stroke. (2005) Medline Plus. Retrieved March 4,2007 from
http://www.nim.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/00726.htmStroke Prevention & Treatments (2007) Society Of Interventional
Radiology. Retrieved March 4, 2007 from http://www.sirweb.org/patpub/stroketreatments.shtml
Stroke (2007) Wikipedia. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack Information Page (2006) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tia/tia.html
What are the Types Of Stroke? (2007). American Stroke Association. Retrieved March 4,2007 from http://www.strokeassociation.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1014
Top Related