YEAR 2 (2013/2014)
MONITORING RESULTS
STRAWBERRY PLANT PARK AND
PRITCHARD PARK EAST BLUFF
RESTORATION PROJECTS
Bainbridge Island, Washington
Prepared for the
City of Bainbridge Island
Prepared by
RIDOLFI Inc.
June 2014
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff
Restoration Projects
Bainbridge Island, Washington
Prepared for
City of Bainbridge Island
Prepared by
RIDOLFI Inc.
June 2014
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project sites, managed by
the City of Bainbridge Island, were identified for habitat restoration efforts by the Elliott Bay
Trustee Council. The Trustees received funds for the projects to restore natural resources
injured by hazardous substances released from the Wyckoff facility in Eagle Harbor. The
restoration projects were designed to restore key habitats at the Sites including riparian, marsh,
intertidal flats, and forage fish spawning beaches. These restored habitats are intended to
support a variety of plants and animals, and in particular to provide beneficial habitat for juvenile
salmonids, forage fish and other migratory and resident fish species, as well as shore birds and
other wildlife.
Restoration activities were completed at the Sites in 2011, and the City, in collaboration with the
Trustees, developed a long-term monitoring program to guide monitoring activities to evaluate
the Sites and to inform adaptive management efforts at the Sites. Specific objectives of the
program are presented here and are the basis for the monitoring plan for the Site:
Measure the success of the restoration efforts
Identify adaptive management measures that may be beneficial at the Sites
Address monitoring requirements specified by permitting agencies
Serve as an outreach tool to disseminate project information to stakeholders
To meet these objectives, this monitoring report describes the Year 2 (2013/2014) monitoring
activities and field work, assesses progress toward meeting the success criteria, and
recommends adaptive management efforts for future monitoring years.
The monitoring results were analyzed to evaluate whether the Sites are meeting performance
objectives. Based on these analyses, the performance objectives for the riparian vegetation are
not being met at the Sites. The performance objectives for marsh vegetation at Strawberry Plant
Park is being met and the marsh area is quite robust and healthy. However, whether the
percent cover of riparian and marsh vegetation is remaining stable or increasing over time
cannot be assessed based on two years of monitoring.
Forage fish eggs were not observed in beach substrates at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site.
While a portion of the sampled beach substrates may be the appropriate size and at the
appropriate tidal elevations to support surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) spawning, the majority
of the sampled substrates were observed to be too fine. Additionally, the sampled substrates
were not of appropriate size and elevations for Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus).
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Adaptive Management Recommendations
Based on the Year 2 (2013/2014) monitoring results presented in this report, we have the
following recommendations:
Strawberry Plant Park
Continue planned monitoring efforts in Year 3 (2014/2015).
Determine if the irrigation system is functioning and determine a regular schedule for
irrigation.
Remove non-native or invasive species such as Scot’s broom, Himalayan blackberry,
white sweet-clover, field bindweed, butterfly bush, pea vine, Canada thistle, curly dock,
prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and black locust tree seedlings.
Target weeding around plantings throughout the site to create a buffer and encourage
growth.
Apply mulch to the newly weeded areas around the native plants to suppress weeds and
retain moisture.
Conduct supplemental planting in areas where high mortality has occurred.
Continue to mow the meadow area to control Scot’s broom seed source.
Pritchard Park East Bluff
Continue planned monitoring efforts in Year 3 (2014/2015).
Determine if the irrigation system is functioning and determine a regular schedule for
irrigation.
Remove non-native or invasive species such as Scot’s broom, Himalayan blackberry,
white sweet-clover, field bindweed, butterfly bush, pea vine, Canada thistle, curly dock,
prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and English ivy.
Target weeding around plantings throughout the site to create a buffer and encourage
growth.
Apply mulch to the newly weeded areas around the native plants to suppress weeds and
retain moisture.
Decommission construction access road and replant with native riparian vegetation.
Monitor erosion along riparian area bordering the beach.
Monitor grain size of substrates in the pocket beach that was created to support forage
fish spawning habitat.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. i
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Objectives ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background Information on the Sites ........................................................................ 2
1.2.1 Strawberry Plant Park ................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff ............................................................................. 2
2.0 METHODS .............................................................................................................. 4
2.1 Biological Success Criteria ....................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage ....................................................... 4 2.1.2 Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 7 2.1.3 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage ...................................................... 8 2.1.4 Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 8 2.1.5 Forage Fish Access/Presence .................................................................... 9
2.2 Physical Success Criteria ....................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 Elevation and Morphology ........................................................................ 10 2.2.2 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspections ......................................... 10
3.0 MONITORING RESULTS ..................................................................................... 12
3.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage ................................................................... 12
3.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park ............................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff ........................................................................... 14
3.2 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage .................................................................. 15
3.2.1 Marsh Success Evaluation ........................................................................ 16
3.3 Forage Fish Access/Presence ................................................................................ 16 3.4 Topographic Survey ............................................................................................... 17 3.5 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspection ......................................................... 17
4.0 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................... 19
4.1 Adaptive Management Recommendations ............................................................. 19
4.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park ............................................................................... 19 4.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff ........................................................................... 19
5.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 20
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Site Locations
Figure 2. Strawberry Plant Park Riparian Baselines and Transects, Marsh Quadrats, and
Photo Point Locations
Figure 3. Pritchard Park East Bluff Riparian Baseline and Transects, Forage Fish Survey
Transects, and Photo Point Locations
Figure 4. Transect FF-01 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grain Size Distribution Curve – December 2013
Figure 5. Transect FF-02 (5-8 ft MLLW) Grain Size Distribution Curve – December 2013
Figure 6. Transect FF-03 (7-9 ft MLLW) Grain Size Distribution Curve – December 2013
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Table 2. Change in Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 1
and 2 (2012-2013)
Table 3. Strawberry Plant Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Table 4. Pritchard Park Canopy Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Table 5. Change in Pritchard Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 1 and 2 (2012-2013)
Table 6. Pritchard Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Table 7. Strawberry Plant Park Percent Coverage on Marsh Quadrats for Year 2
Table 8. Change in Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Marsh Quadrats for Year 1 and 2
(2012-2013)
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices are provided on CD, located in a pocket at the inside back cover of this report.
Appendix A. Riparian Information
Appendix B. Marsh Information
Appendix C. Forage Fish Information
Appendix D. Photo Point Information
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
City City of Bainbridge Island
GPS Global Positioning System
Ridolfi RIDOLFI Inc.
MLLW Mean Lower Low Water
NRDA Natural Resource Damage Assessment
PVC polyvinyl chloride
Sites Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration
Projects
Trustees Elliott Bay Trustee Council
WDFW Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This monitoring results report has been prepared on behalf of the City of Bainbridge Island (the
City) to provide a summary of the results of Year 2 (2013/2014) monitoring at the Strawberry
Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project sites [Figure 1; (the Sites)]. The
Sites, managed by the City, were identified for habitat restoration efforts by the Elliott Bay
Trustee Council (Trustees)1. The Trustees received funds for the projects to restore natural
resources injured by hazardous substances released from the Wyckoff facility in Eagle Harbor.
The restoration projects were designed to restore key habitats at the Sites including riparian,
marsh, intertidal flats, and forage fish spawning beaches. These restored habitats are intended
to support a variety of plants and animals, and in particular to provide beneficial habitat for
juvenile salmonids, forage fish and other migratory and resident fish species, as well as shore
birds and other wildlife. Restoration activities were completed at the Sites in 2011, and the City,
in collaboration with the Trustees, developed a long-term monitoring program to guide
monitoring activities to evaluate the Sites and to inform adaptive management efforts at the
Sites.
The long-term monitoring program will occur over a ten year period with monitoring events
scheduled for Years 1,2,3,5, 7, and 10. Year 1 monitoring results serve as the baseline against
which all other monitoring events conducted over the 10-year program will be compared. Based
on the results of Years 1, 2, and 3, monitoring activities for Years 5, 7, and 10 may be modified.
This Year 2 monitoring results report presents findings for the second year of monitoring and the
resulting adaptive management recommendations.
1.1 Project Objectives
The purpose of this monitoring effort was to satisfy the objectives of the long-term monitoring
program for the Strawberry Plant Park and the Pritchard Park East Bluff shoreline restoration
projects. The long-term monitoring program includes physical and biological monitoring to
evaluate site conditions and effectiveness of those conditions in meeting the original intent of
restoration objectives for the Sites.
1 The Elliott Bay Trustee Council (Trustees) includes the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of the Interior (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), the
Suquamish Tribe, and the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe.
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The objectives of the monitoring efforts described in the monitoring plan were developed in part
by referencing the Commencement Bay Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA)
Monitoring Program (CB Trustees, 2000). Those objectives are presented here and are the
basis for the monitoring program for the Sites:
Measure the success of the restoration efforts
Identify adaptive management measures that may be beneficial at the Sites
Address monitoring requirements specified by permitting agencies
Serve as an outreach tool to disseminate project information to stakeholders
To meet these objectives, this monitoring report describes the Year 2 (2013/2014) monitoring
activities and field work, assesses progress toward meeting the success criteria, and
recommends adaptive management efforts for future monitoring years.
1.2 Background Information on the Sites
1.2.1 Strawberry Plant Park
The Strawberry Plant Park site is in the southern portion of Section 27, Township 25 North,
Range 2 East (Figure 1). The Strawberry Plant Park site is located at 240 Weaver Road,
Bainbridge Island, WA 98110. The Strawberry Plant Park site is situated on the northern shore
of Eagle Harbor, on a parcel owned by the City of Bainbridge Island, with a parcel ID number of
27250240062000. The parcel size totals 3.9 acres.
The Strawberry Plant Park Restoration Project is intended to create salt marsh habitat from
approximately +10 to +13 feet mean lower low water (MLLW) and riparian buffer habitat from
approximately +13 feet and greater MLLW to benefit juvenile salmonids and other species
(Figure 2).
The project will improve habitat for juvenile salmonids and forage fish by increasing areas for
rearing and foraging, as well as by enhancing conditions for important prey resources, such as
resident fish and terrestrial insects. Revegetation of the area with native plants will provide
wildlife habitat for insects, small mammals, and migratory waterfowl and shorebirds. The
proposed project will also provide a link between other restoration projects in the Eagle Harbor
area.
1.2.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff
The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is located in the eastern region of Section 36, Township 25
North, Range 2 East (Figure 1). The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is located at 5300 Creosote
Place N.E., Bainbridge Island, WA 98110. The Pritchard Park East Bluff site is situated on
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shore of the Puget Sound, and appears to include portions of several tax parcels. The majority
of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site is encompassed by parcel ID 35250210342002, owned by
the City of Bainbridge Island. This parcel has a total acreage of 22.96 acres, although the
restored portion of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site itself is approximately 2.2 acres in size.
The Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Project is intended to create riparian buffer habitat
from approximately +13 to +18 feet MLLW including the upland areas of the property to benefit
juvenile salmonids, forage fish and other species (Figure 3).
Below +13 MLLW, a pocket beach was created to provide intertidal habitat for salmonids and
spawning areas for forage fish. The project will improve habitat for juvenile salmonids and
forage fish by increasing areas for rearing and foraging, as well as by enhancing conditions for
important prey resources, such as resident fish and terrestrial insects. Revegetation of the area
with native plants will provide wildlife habitat for insects, small mammals, and migratory
waterfowl and shorebirds. The proposed project will also provide a link between other
restoration projects in the Eagle Harbor area.
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2.0 METHODS
This section describes the methods that were used to monitor the physical and biological
success of the restoration sites. A summary of the primary objectives and methods for each of
the monitoring tasks is provided in the following sections of this results report. The primary
objectives were developed in part by referencing the Commencement Bay NRDA Restoration
Monitoring Program (CB Trustees, 2000). More specific information on monitoring methods is
provided in the monitoring plan developed for the Sites (Ridolfi, 2012).
Year 1 monitoring results serve as the baseline against which all other monitoring events
conducted over the 10-year monitoring program will be compared. The monitoring plan was
developed to include the first three years of monitoring. This annual monitoring report is the
second of three that will be produced for each monitoring year. The Year 3 monitoring report
will include a recommendation for continued monitoring based on progress toward the Year 10
goals as outlined in this monitoring plan. Based on the results of Years 1, 2, and 3, monitoring
activities in Years 5, 7, and 10 may be modified.
Vegetation monitoring was conducted in late summer/early fall 2013. Topographic surveys
were conducted by the City in late summer/early fall 2012. Forage fish beach surveys were
conducted in December 2013 at the appropriate tide. Photo point monitoring and visual
observations were conducted in late summer/early fall in conjunction with the vegetation
monitoring, and were repeated in late April 2014.
2.1 Biological Success Criteria
2.1.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage
Primary objective: Percent cover of native trees, shrubs, herbs, and other riparian
vegetation should be stable or increasing over time, and cover not less than 90 percent
of the upland vegetated area of the project after 10 years. Invasive plant coverage
should be minimal; species of special concern include Rubus procerus (Himalayan
blackberry), Cystisus scoparius (Scot’s broom), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese
knotweed), and Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) (CB Trustees, 2000).
In this task, the percent cover of riparian vegetation was measured at both Sites in early
October. This was done using the line intercept sampling method to measure crown cover,
species dominance, and canopy structure. Groundcover was estimated using mean visual
estimates from two quadrats (Elzinga et al., 1998).
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At each Site, 45-foot transects approximately 100 feet apart were permanently marked relative
to a baseline. A total of seven transects were marked at the Strawberry Plant Park site
(Figure 2) and a total of seven transects were marked at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site
(Figure 3).
For the Strawberry Plant Park site, two baselines were formed by the lawn-like meadow that
borders the site to the north and by the gravel path that bisects the eastern portions of the site
(Figure 2). The meadow baseline is approximately 300 feet long and begins at the northwest
corner of the meadow, continuing south along the meadow before turning at the southwest
corner of the meadow where it continues east across the site and stops at the intersection of the
gravel path. The gravel path baseline is approximately 200 feet long and begins at the
southeast corner of the parking lot, continuing generally south across the site and stopping just
south of a park bench (Figure 2).
For the Pritchard Park East Bluff site, one baseline, approximately 600 feet in length, is formed
by the asphalt and gravel path that borders the site to the west. The baseline begins at the
southern end of the asphalt path in the vicinity of the southern parking area and continues north
along the path before turning south and stopping near the large tree and water viewing area
(Figure 3).
For both the Sites, random sampling locations were generated using an automated process
within Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In some instances, the results of the
randomly selected transects were altered to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the site. The
approach began with the generation of a 1 by 1-meter grid for both sites, with each cell being
assigned both a unique numerical identification and habitat type value (e.g. riparian, marsh,
etc.). This grid serves as an input for both the generation of randomly selected marsh quadrats
as well as riparian transects.
For each site, each permanent 45-foot transect generally follows contour running parallel to the
baseline. Transect locations were established randomly between the baseline and the lowest
point of the upland riparian area (above +13 feet MLLW) to measure crown cover and
groundcover. Each transect was considered a single observation. Crown cover was measured
along each of the transects. To measure groundcover, two 2-meter by 0.5-meter quadrats were
placed on the bayside of each transect at the 15-foot and 30-foot marks.
The transects were established during the October 2012 Year 1 monitoring events and did not
change in Year 2. For the Strawberry Plant Park site, a map depicting the locations of the two
baselines and transects is provided in Figure 2. For the Pritchard Park East Bluff site, a map
depicting the locations of the baseline and transects is provided in Figure 3. Appendices A-1
and A-2 provide the distance along the baselines and the distance of the offset from the
baseline for the first point of each transect.
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A GPS unit and a measuring tape were used to set the transects. Plastic stakes were inserted
along the baselines to permanently mark the 100-foot offset transects. Once the baseline and
100 foot marks along the baseline were established, a measuring tape was used to set the
45-foot transects. Each 45-foot transect was permanently marked at the beginning and end
with wooden stakes and flagging. The wooden stake marking the beginning was painted blue
and the wooden stake marking the end was painted red. A permanent marker was used to label
flagging with an identification number at each beginning point (e.g., Transect 1 = T-1). The
hand-measured distances and recorded survey points were used to create a map for this
monitoring event and to use as an aid for locating transects during subsequent monitoring
events (Figures 2 and 3; Appendix A).
2.1.1.1 Crown Cover
The line intercept sampling method was used to measure percent crown cover of woody
species (Ridolfi, 2012). Crown cover was measured along each transect using a measuring
tape. Only the canopy of woody species was measured. A measuring tape was extended 45
feet along contour from the first wooden stake of the transect to the end rebar of the transect. A
field team member walked along the landward side of the tape until coming to a woody species.
Each woody species that was encountered along the transect had its canopy measured at the
start point and the end point of where its dripline or overhang intersected the transect. If two or
more woody species overlapped along the transect, they were measured as one unit. Each
woody species encountered along the transect was identified to species. To estimate the
percent canopy cover for each transect, the lengths of the individual canopy intercepts were
added and then divided by 45 feet. The percent canopy cover was calculated by averaging the
canopy cover measured for each transect.
2.1.1.2 Groundcover
Percent groundcover was visually estimated from two quadrats placed at the 15- and 30-foot
mark of each transect (Ridolfi, 2012). A measuring tape was used to find the appropriate
sample points. Measurements started at the first rebar marker of each transect. A quadrat
template constructed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe measuring 2 meters long by 0.5 meter
wide was placed on the bayside of each transect at the 15-foot and 30-foot mark. Each quadrat
was situated so that the corner of the quadrat closest to the first wooden marker was touching
the sample point with the remainder of the quadrat extending towards the end point of the
transect. Each quadrat was subdivided into four grids measuring 0.5 meter by 0.5 meter.
Percent coverage of living and non-living groundcover plants present within the grids was
visually estimated along with the percent of non-plant cover (leaf litter, moss, mulch, large wood,
and detritus) and bare ground to determine the percent cover for each quadrat. Woody, native,
and invasive plants were identified to species. Estimations for each of the three classes (plant,
non-plant, and bare ground) were totaled and averaged to determine percent groundcover.
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2.1.2 Data Analysis
Crown Cover
Seven random riparian transects were sampled at both the Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard
Park East Bluff sites.
For each species, the average cover for the site is given by:
7
7
1
i
ic
c ,
Where ci is the percent cover for the species for transect i.
Most species were not observed at most sites, so the default distributions of individual species
is assumed to be zero-modified log-normal distribution, with mean estimates and confidence
intervals estimated as discussed for marsh quadrats in Section 2.1.4.
Groundcover
Two quadrats on each riparian transect were visually sampled for total percent plant and non-
plant cover, as well as for bare ground. Since the random samples were transects (i.e., not
quadrats), the results for the two quadrats were averaged to provide one groundcover result for
each transect. There was 100 percent herbaceous cover in all quadrats at the Pritchard Park
East Bluff site, so confidence intervals could not be formed. At the Strawberry Plant Park site,
the herbaceous cover was very near 100 percent and the distribution could not be transformed
into anything approximating normality. However, approximate confidence intervals were formed
using the zero-modified log-normal distribution assumption for the non-plant cover values and
subtracting these confidence limits from one to form intervals for percent herbaceous cover.
Annual Differences
The change in percent cover from 2012 to 2013 was assessed using the nonparametric sign
test (Conover, 1980), which compares the number of quadrats (for riparian transects) or the
number of transects (for riparian canopy cover) with increasing versus decreasing cover. Tests
were not performed if there were fewer than three quadrats (or transects for riparian) with non-
zero changes.
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2.1.3 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage
Primary objective: The percent cover of vegetation should be stable or increasing within
portions of the project within elevations suitable to marsh establishment (CB Trustees,
2000).
In this task, percent cover of marsh vegetation at the Strawberry Plant Park site was estimated
using mean visual estimates from 25 quadrats (Elzinga et al., 1998). The percent cover of
marsh vegetation was measured from randomly selected sampling points within the marsh
habitat area. Sampling was conducted in early October 2013. Quadrat templates constructed
with PVC pipe measuring 0.5 meter by 0.5 meter were placed at random locations within the
salt marsh area between +10 to +13 feet MLLW. The purpose for randomly positioning the
quadrats was to make sure the sampling is not biased toward lower or upper marsh habitat.
The sampling points were established and permanently marked with a wooden stake during the
first monitoring event. Each permanent point at the Site was entered into a GPS unit with a
horizontal accuracy of approximately 1 meter. This information was used to create a map for
future monitoring events. The locations for each marsh quadrat are shown on Figure 2.
Coordinates for each quadrat are provided in Appendix B.
Percent coverage of each plant species present within each quadrat was visually estimated
along with the percent of non-plant cover and bare ground to determine the percent cover for
each quadrat. Native and invasive taxa were identified to species. Non-plant cover was
classified as large wood, litter, moss, or soil. Estimations for each class (plant, non-plant, and
bare ground) were totaled and averaged to determine percent cover of marsh vegetation for
each quadrat and the Sites.
2.1.4 Data Analysis
The marsh boundary area at the Strawberry Plant Park site was approximately 0.33 acres.
Twenty-five quadrats (0.5 by 0.5 m) were randomly placed within the boundary area and
sampled for percent cover of native and non-native marsh species. There are many quadrats
with zero cover for particular species and the distribution of percent cover tends to be
skewed. In this case, using the arithmetic mean of cover in each quadrat as an estimate of the
average cover for the site is a biased estimate of the population mean. Instead, we assume a
zero-modified log-normal distribution of percent cover among quadrats, unless there is evidence
that this distribution is a poor fit.
Unbiased means and confidence intervals for the zero-modified log-normal distributions are
estimated using the function ezmlnorm in package EnvStats (Millard, 2013) in R (R Core Team
2013, version 3.02), using the mean-variance-unbiased estimation method (mvue), and the
normal approximation confidence interval.
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For totals (e.g., all native species or common species), the assumption of zero-modified log-
normal distribution may be a poor fit. The following selected alternatives were used in the cases
noted here:
1) If there are no quadrats with zero cover, but the distribution is still right skewed, log-normal distribution is assumed, and mean and confidence intervals (Land’s method) are formed using function elnormAlt.
2) If the distribution is left-skewed, the proportion data are arcsine-transformed, and normal distribution is assumed on the transformed data. The mean and confidence intervals are formed using the simple mean and t-intervals in the transformed space, then back-transformed to original units.
3) If the distribution is not skewed, normal distribution is assumed, and the mean and confidence intervals are formed using the arithmetic mean and standard t-intervals.
2.1.5 Forage Fish Access/Presence
Primary objective; Forage fish will access the project with increasing utilization for
spawning. Forage fish egg presence within the project should be comparable to that of
appropriate reference sites at the end of 10 years (adapted from CB Trustees, 2000).
This task was performed at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. For Year 2, the surveys occurred
in December 2013 at an appropriate tide. Survey crews followed the protocols outlined by the
Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and provided in the monitoring plan
(Ridolfi, 2012).
During the event, three 100-foot transects were surveyed for forage fish (Figure 3). Two
transects, designated for the identification of surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus), were located
between +7 and +9 feet above the MLLW mark. A third transect, designated for the
identification of Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), was located between +5 and +8
feet MLLW. A map depicting the locations of the transects is provided in Figure 3. Starting and
ending coordinates for each transect are provided in Appendix C.
Samples were collected every 25 feet along each transect for a total of four samples per
transect. Sediment was surveyed and analyzed for grain size using standard stacked sieves.
The presence of sand lance and surf smelt eggs was evaluated by viewing the sediment
samples through a dissecting microscope. Results were discussed with WDFW for quality
control/quality assurance. The survey work was done under a Scientific Collection Permit that is
obtained annually, prior to each year’s first monitoring event.
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2.2 Physical Success Criteria
2.2.1 Elevation and Morphology
Primary objective: No evidence of erosion that threatens restoration project goals,
property, infrastructure, or is otherwise unacceptable is observed after a period of initial
site stabilization (CB Trustees, 2000).
The City performed topographic surveying at each site based on guidance provided by Ridolfi.
At each site, the surveyor established five to eight transects by installing stakes in the riparian
zone. Profiles were then shot perpendicular to the shoreline from each stake, measuring
elevations at approximately 10-foot intervals or where there was a noticeable break in slope.
The survey was conducted with +/- 0.1 feet horizontal accuracy was and +/- 0.05 feet vertical
accuracy. To evaluate elevations and morphology in subsequent years, the transects will be
reoccupied beginning at the stakes installed this year. The deliverable for this task will be
cross-section plots showing elevation profiles for the different monitoring events. The
deliverable will be provided to support evaluation of both Sites’ physical structure for
subsequent Annual Monitoring reports.
2.2.2 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspections
Primary objective: Photo point monitoring will be conducted to monitor changes in plant
cover, invasives, species composition, and disturbances in the riparian and salt marsh
vegetation habitat at the Site (CB Trustees, 2000).
Photo point monitoring was conducted at both Sites in conjunction with the vegetation
monitoring in early October 2013, and during a second event in April 2014. For the Strawberry
Park Plant site, six photo points were established at approximately +13 feet MLLW in the
riparian and salt marsh habitat transition zone (Figure 2). For the Pritchard Park East Bluff site,
five photo points were established along the asphalt and gravel path and at approximately +13
feet MLLW in the riparian and forage fish beach habitat transition zone (Figure 3). Placing the
photo points in front of the riparian zone ensured that photographs were not blocked by foliage
in the later years of the monitoring program. Photo point locations were established during the
first scheduled monitoring event and were permanently marked with a wooden stake. Each
permanent photo point was entered into a GPS unit with a horizontal accuracy of one meter or
better. This information was used to create a map showing the photo point locations for future
monitoring events. Coordinates for each photo point are provided in Appendix D.
At each photo point, a field team member took a series of photographs every 45 degrees in a
full circle so that the entire site was represented. Photographs were taken with a digital camera
at a minimum resolution of 2200 by 1704 pixels or approximately 3.7 megapixels. A photo log
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 11
was filled out for each monitoring event. Data recorded included names of field personnel, date,
time, file name, site, orientation, and photo point location
Monitoring staff also made observations regarding general site conditions. These observations
included presence of erosional features, prevalence of dead or dying plants, accumulation of
trash or flotsam, indications of vandalism, or signs of animal use or grazing of vegetation.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 12
3.0 MONITORING RESULTS
This section describes monitoring results for Year 2 (2013/2014). Ridolfi performed riparian and
marsh vegetation monitoring, forage fish spawning surveys, and photo point monitoring at the
Site. Statistical analysis for riparian and marsh vegetation was performed by R2 Resource
Consultants, Inc. The City performed topographical surveys at the Sites. Biological and
physical observations were recorded on data forms in the field and then entered into a database
developed for the project. Ridolfi personnel performed the data entry and spot-checked entries
for quality control. The database was queried to generate the site-specific summary tables
discussed in this section. Year 1 (2012/2013) was the first year that the newly constructed Sites
were sampled. The results from Year 1 serve as baseline information for the Sites.
The sampling methods functioned as intended and were conducted as described in Section 2.0.
Statistical analyses were conducted as described in Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.4. Figures 2 and 3
shows the points of interest at both Sites including the riparian baselines, riparian transects,
marsh quadrats, forage fish survey transects, and photo point monitoring locations. Appendix A
through D provides additional information for the riparian, marsh, forage fish survey, and photo
point monitoring activities, respectively.
3.1 Riparian Vegetation Percent Coverage
The Sites were sampled for riparian vegetation and areal coverage in early October 2013.
Percent cover of tree and shrub species and of non-native or invasive (NNI) vegetation were
measured from seven line intercept transects located within the riparian area of both Sites
(Figure 2 and 3). Additionally, groundcover was evaluated at two points along each of the
riparian transects to measure native and NNI species, bare ground, and non-plant matter.
Table 1 shows the results for the Strawberry Plant Park site for the riparian crown cover
including the number of transects with non-cover, average percent cover, and 90 percent
confidence intervals calculated by species from the data. Table 2 shows the results for the
Strawberry Plant Park Site for the change in crown cover on riparian transects for Year 1 and
Year 2 including percent of quadrats with decreased or increased cover and percent of quadrats
with no change. Table 3 shows the results for the Strawberry Plant Park site for the riparian
groundcover including number of transects with plants observed, the average percent cover,
and the 90 percent confidence intervals calculated by plant species and other non-plant matter
from the data. Tables 4, 5, and 6 show results for the parameters above for the Pritchard Park
East Bluff Park site. Appendix B provides the raw data for riparian crown cover and riparian
groundcover for both Sites.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 13
3.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park
Crown Cover
Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, the riparian data for the Site were
tabulated and evaluated as shown in Table 1. Statistical analysis indicates a mean crown cover
of 5.6 percent native shrubs, 7.9 percent native trees, and 0 percent NNI species. A total of 14
native plant species were observed along the seven transects; six shrub species and eight tree
species. The dominant native tree and native shrub species were red alder and Nootka rose,
respectively. All species were sparse and many had died or showed signs of stress primarily
due to lack of water.
As shown in Table 2, 29 percent of quadrats showed a decrease in crown cover for total native
species between Year 1 and Year 2, while 71 percent showed an increase. All quadrats
showed some amount of change in crown cover for native species over the two monitoring
years.
Groundcover
Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, groundcover data for the Site were
tabulated and evaluated at two points along each of the riparian transects. The groundcover
results are shown in Table 3. Statistical analysis indicates a mean groundcover of 96 percent
plant species (native and NNI), 3.9 percent non-plant matter, and 0 percent bareground. A mix
of herbaceous, shrub, and grass species were observed along the transects; eight native
species, and eleven NNI species. Native species included willowherb, kinnikinnick, lupine,
common snowberry, and common rush. NNI species included aster, prickly lettuce, common St.
John’s wort, Queen Anne’s lace, white clover, Himalayan blackberry, and unclassified grasses.
Non-plant matter included a log and rocks and cobble.
3.1.1.1 Riparian Success Evaluation
Under the primary objective for riparian vegetation, restoration of the riparian zone is considered
successful if the percent cover of shrubs and trees is stable or increasing over time.
Additionally by Year 5, the shrub and tree areal cover should exceed 50 percent and 40 percent,
respectively; and the bare ground and NNI cover should be less than 10 percent and 5 percent,
respectively.
The analysis shows that the shrub and tree cover criterion is not being met at the Site (Table 1).
For crown canopy there were no NNI sampled. However, NNI species were observed in the
groundcover quadrats along the transects; therefore the NNI criterion for the Site is partially
met. The majority of the ground surface in the upland areas is covered with native and NNI
plants or non-plant matter (Table 3). The bare ground criterion is being met.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 14
The irrigation system at the Site appears to not be used or is not working, resulting in many
plants dying or experiencing stress due to lack of water. Additionally, the Site was thick with
willowherb, unclassified grasses, and Scot’s broom, which were covering and crowding out the
newly planted native plants. In early winter, after the Year 1 monitoring event, the Site was
weeded and mulched and several new native plants were planted in areas throughout the Site.
Similar maintenance efforts will be conducted over the next few winters.
In summary, the performance of the riparian vegetation as defined in Section 2.0 is not being
met at the Site. However, whether the percent cover of riparian vegetation is remaining stable
or increasing over time cannot be assessed based on a two years of monitoring.
3.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff
Crown Cover
Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, the riparian data for the Site were
tabulated and evaluated as shown in Table 4. Statistical analysis indicates a mean crown cover
of 12 percent native shrubs, 1.3 percent native trees, and 0 percent NNI species. A total of 10
native plant species were observed along the seven transects; six shrub species and four tree
species. The dominant native shrub species were snowberry and Nootka rose. The dominant
tree species was grand fir. However, all species were sparse and many had died or showed
signs of stress primarily due to lack of water. Additionally, a construction access road, related to
a bulkhead construction project, has been built through the center of the Site. The road remains
in place and devoid of the native riparian vegetation that was originally planted in the area.
As shown in Table 5, 29 percent of quadrats showed a decrease in crown cover for total native
species between Year 1 and Year 2, while 71 percent showed an increase. All quadrats
showed some amount of change in crown cover for native species over the two monitoring
years.
Groundcover
Using the statistical methods described in Section 2.1.2, groundcover data for the Site were
tabulated and evaluated at two points along each of the riparian transects. The groundcover
results are shown in Table 6. Statistical analysis indicates a mean groundcover of 100 percent
plant species (native and NNI), 0 percent non-plant matter, and 0 percent bareground. A mix of
herbaceous, shrub, and grass species were observed along the transects; two native species
and thirteen NNI species. Native species included willowherb and redwood sorrel. NNI species
included butterfly bush, English ivy, broadleaved pepperweed, Queen Anne’s lace, foxglove,
white clover, common plantain, Himalayan blackberry, and unclassified grasses.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 15
3.1.2.1 Riparian Success Evaluation
Under the primary objective for riparian vegetation, restoration of the riparian zone is considered
successful if the percent cover of shrubs and trees is stable or increasing over time. Additionally
by Year 5, the shrub and tree areal cover should exceed 50 percent and 40 percent,
respectively; and the bare ground and NNI cover should be less than 10 percent and 5 percent,
respectively.
The analysis shows that the shrub and tree cover criterion is not being met at the Site (Table 4).
For crown canopy there were no NNI sampled. However, numerous NNI species were
observed in the groundcover quadrats along the transects; therefore the NNI criterion for the
Site is partially met. The majority of the ground surface in the upland areas is covered with
native and NNI plants (Table 6). The bare ground cover criterion is being met.
The irrigation system at the Site has been severally damaged due to erosion and wave action,
resulting in many plants dying or experience stress due to lack of water. Additionally, the Site
was thick with willowherb, unclassified grasses, and Himalayan blackberry and other NNI
species mentioned above, which were covering and crowding out the newly planted native
plants. In late winter, after the Year 1 monitoring event, the Site was weeded and mulched and
several new native plants were planted in areas throughout the Site. Similar maintenance
efforts will be conducted over the next few winters. The construction access road, built through
the center of the Site, has reduced the amount of riparian vegetation cover.
In summary, the performance of the riparian vegetation as defined in Section 2.0 is not being
met at the Site. However, whether the percent cover of riparian vegetation is remaining stable
or increasing over time cannot be assessed based on two years of monitoring.
3.2 Marsh Development/Percent Coverage
The Site was successfully sampled for marsh plant development and species composition.
Sampling occurred in early October 2013 during low tide. A total of 25 quadrats were sampled.
Marsh quadrat locations are shown on Figure 2. Table 7 provides a summary of monitoring
results for each quadrat. Table 8 provides a change in cover on marsh quadrats for Year 1 and
Year 2. Appendix B provides the raw data and photos of each sampled quadrat to use for
comparison to future monitoring events.
All 25 marsh quadrats sampled at the Site had vegetation in Year 2. Ten native plant species
were identified. While some unclassified grasses were observed in one of the quadrats in the
upper elevations of the marsh, no NNI species were observed in the other 24 quadrats. Native
species represented approximately 81 percent average cover in Year 2, while NNI species were
not observed, with the exception of the unclassified grasses, which represented 0.63 percent
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 16
cover. The remainder of the ground in the quadrats was bare. The most prevalent native
species observed, based on the average unbiased cover estimate, was pickleweed at 46
percent (Table 7). Pickleweed was thick and robust throughout the marsh area. The next two
most frequently observed species were fat-hen saltbush and fleshy jaumea.
As presented in Table 8, 28 percent of quadrats showed a decrease in crown cover for total
native species between Year 1 and Year 2, while 56 percent showed an increase. Sixteen
percent of the quadrats showed no change in cover for total native species.
3.2.1 Marsh Success Evaluation
According to the primary objective for marsh plant development and species composition,
success at the Site is evaluated by percent cover of native marsh plant species that remains
stable or increases over time and whether percent cover of NNI species is less than 5 percent.
Based on the Year 2 monitoring, marsh development for percent cover of native plant species is
being met, primarily due the robust presence of pickleweed and nine other marsh plant species
over the majority of the Site. The percent cover for NNI species was 0.63 percent, well below
the target of 5 percent. Unclassified grasses were the only NNI species observed, in only 1 of
25 quadrats (Table 7). However, whether the percent cover of native marsh plant species is
remaining stable or increasing over time cannot be assessed based on two years of monitoring.
3.3 Forage Fish Access/Presence
Grain size analysis using standard stacked sieves was performed on beach substrate collected
from three transects at Pritchard Park East Bluff between +7 and +9 feet above the MLLW
(transects FF-01 and FF-03); and between +5 and +8 MLLW elevation (transect FF-02) in
December 2013. Grain size analysis of the three samples determined the following:
Sand, ranging in size from 0.125 millimeters (mm) to 2 mm, made up between
approximately 50 percent of the samples from transects FF-01 and FF-03 by mass. This
is a reduction from 2013, when all the samples collected included a greater sand
fraction. (Note: transect FF-02 was not sampled in 2012.)
Virtually no silt-sized (0.063 mm) or finer material was present in any sample.
Gravel, ranging from 2 mm to 4 mm or larger in diameter made up between
approximately 8 and 50 percent of the 3 samples by mass. Transects FF-01 and FF-02
both had gravel fractions in the 50 percent range.
Transect FF-03 had a significantly smaller gravel fraction than transects FF-01 and FF-
02, with 92 percent of the sample (by mass) passing the 2 mm sieve.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 17
Grain size distribution curves for each of the transects that were sampled are presented in
Figures 4 through 6. Target grain size distributions for surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) fall
almost exclusively within the range of 1 to 10 mm in diameter (95 percent of samples by
weight). Samples from transects FF-01 and FF-03 in the surf smelt target tidal range, contain
approximately 30-percent to 65-percent material respectively with a grain size diameter in the
target range. These distributions generally indicate that the beach substrate at the Site remains
finer than is optimum for surf smelt spawning in the tidal ranges sampled.
Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) grain size distributions identified by Pentilla (2012)
included 67 percent of sampled material falling between 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm diameter, and 25
percent of sampled material falling between 1 and 7 mm diameter. Observation of the sand
lance spawning elevations between +5 and +8 feet above MLLW (transect FF-02) at Prichard
Park found that this transect had changed some from the conditions observed in 2012 when an
armor layer was observed. The 2013 grain size distribution still includes a majority of material
with a diameter greater than 1 mm (approximately 70 percent of the sample by mass), with the
remainder of the material falling between 1 mm and 0.25 mm. While improved from 2012, the
observed distribution still remains too coarse for sand lance to spawn within this elevation
range.
3.4 Topographic Survey
The City performed a topographic survey of the Site in conjunction with the riparian and marsh
vegetation monitoring in early October 2012. The results of the survey are still pending and will
be compared with the design configuration or as-built drawings for each Site at a later date.
The results from the Year 1 survey will also serve as the baseline for comparison to all future
surveys.
3.5 Photo Point Monitoring and Visual Inspection
Photo point monitoring was conducted in early October 2013 in conjunction with the riparian and
marsh vegetation monitoring and again in April 2014. Six photo points at Strawberry Plant Park
site and five photo points were established at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. Locations for
the photo points are shown in Figures 2 and 3. The photo points were placed in front of the
riparian zone to ensure that photos will not be blocked by foliage in the later years of the
monitoring program. The photo points established in Year 1 serve as the baseline for all future
monitoring. Appendix D includes the photos and photo log from this Year 2 event.
Monitoring personnel also made observations regarding general conditions at both Sites. As
stated above, both Sites are dry with several dying or dead plants. It is unclear if the irrigation
system at Strawberry Plant Park is in disrepair or is just not used. The irrigation system at
Pritchard Park East Bluff is severely damaged due to erosion and wave action.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 18
Both Sites are also heavily infested with willowherb, unclassified grasses, and several NNI
species, which are crowding out young native plants planted during restoration activities. A
Volunteer Maintenance Day was held in early winter 2013 at Strawberry Plant Park site and in
late winter at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site. The work efforts at both sites focused on general
cleanup, weeding, planting, and mulching. Additionally, a construction access road, related to a
bulkhead construction project, was built through the center of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site.
The road remains intact and the area has not been replanted resulting in a reduction of overall
native riparian vegetation.
The marsh area ringing the Strawberry Plant Park site is quite robust and healthy. The removal
of the goose exclusion fencing during the 2012 Volunteer Maintenance Day appears to have
facilitated the growth of marsh vegetation outside of the removed fence line. Litter at both Sites
was minimal and was generally found in the tidal wrack-line.
The lower elevations of the Pritchard Park East Bluff site are dominated with large cobbles. It
appears that the finer-grained (sand and gravel) beach substrate placed in the lower elevations
at the Pritchard Park East Bluff site to support sand lance spawning habitat has been
transported off site due to erosion and wave action. Further analyses of the topographical
survey and photos taken during construction are needed to determine if this has occurred. In
addition the riparian bank that originally sloped to the beach has been eroded and damaged due
to wave action which appears to have been quite significant during the winter months.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 19
4.0 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 Adaptive Management Recommendations
Based on the Year 2 monitoring results presented in this report, we have the following
recommendations:
4.1.1 Strawberry Plant Park
Continue planned monitoring efforts in Year 3 (2014/2015).
Determine if the irrigation system is functioning and determine the schedule for irrigation.
Remove non-native or invasive species such as Scot’s broom, Himalayan blackberry,
white sweet-clover, field bindweed, butterfly bush, pea vine, Canada thistle, curly dock,
prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and black locust tree seedlings.
Target weeding around the plantings throughout site to create a buffer and encourage
growth.
Apply mulch to the newly weeded areas around the native plants to suppress weeds and
retain moisture.
Conduct supplemental planting in areas where high mortality has occurred.
Continue to mow the meadow area to control Scot’s broom seed source.
4.1.2 Pritchard Park East Bluff
Continue planned monitoring efforts in Year 3 (2014/2015).
Determine if the irrigation system is functioning and determine the schedule for irrigation.
Remove non-native or invasive species such as Scot’s broom, Himalayan blackberry,
white sweet-clover, field bindweed, butterfly bush, pea vine, Canada thistle, curly dock,
prickly lettuce, Queen Anne’s lace, and English ivy.
Target weeding around the plantings throughout the site to create a buffer and
encourage growth.
Apply mulch to the newly weeded areas around the native plants to suppress weeds and
retain moisture.
Decommission construction access road and replant with native riparian vegetation.
Monitor erosion along riparian area bordering the beach.
Monitor grain size of substrates in the pocket beach that was created to support forage
fish spawning habitat.
Year 2 (2013/2014) Monitoring Results
Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
330A_bainbridge_Year 2 report June 2014 Page 20
5.0 REFERENCES
Commencement Bay Natural Resource Trustees (Trustees). 2000. Commencement Bay
Natural Resource Damage Assessment Restoration Monitoring Plan. Prepared by the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Department of Interior and
the State of Washington.
Conover, W. J.. 1980. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
Elzinga, C.L., D.W. Salzer, J.W. Willoughby. 1998. Measuring and Monitoring Plant
Populations. U.S. Department of the Interior. July.
Millard SP (2013). EnvStats: An R Package for Environmental Statistics. Springer-Verlag, New
York.
Pentilla, D. 2012. Forage Fish Spawning Substrate Sediment Grain-size Data for Cornet Bay
Beach Restoration Project. September 6 memorandum to Colin Wagoner.
R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for
Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org/.
RIDOLFI Inc. (Ridolfi). 2012. Monitoring Plan for the Strawberry Plant Park and Pritchard Park
East Bluff Restoration Projects, Bainbridge Island, Washington. Prepared for the City of
Bainbridge. August.
FIGURES
Year 2 Monitoring Results for the Strawberry Plant Parkand Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
Figure 1July 2014
Site Locations
Strawberry Plant Park(Weaver Road NW)
Pritchard ParkEast Bluff(Northeast OldCreosote Hill Road)
E A G L EH A R B O R
OLYMP ICDR IVE
SE
EAGLE HARBORDRIVENE EAGLE HARBOR DRIVE NE
WINSLOW WAY W
BAINBRIDGE ISLANDFERRY TERMINAL
Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP,swisstopo, and the GIS User Community
File Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report_2014\Figure_1.mxd
SEATTLEBAINBRIDGE
ISLAND
PORTORCHARD
BREMERTON
EDMONDS
BURIEN
MAP EXEN T
± 0 1,000 2,000Feet
Figure 2July 2014Strawberry Plant Park
Riparian Baselines and Transects,Marsh Quadrats, and Photo Point Locations
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
!(!(
!(!(
!(
!( !( !(!(
!(!(
!(
!(
!(
RIPARIANBASELINE
START
RIPARIANBASELINE
END
RIPARIANBASELINESTART
RIPARIANBASELINE
END
0'
100'200'
0'
100'
205'
294'
T-03 RB-02T-03 RB-01
T-02 RB-02
T-04 RB-01
T-02 R
B-01
T-01 RB-02
T-01 R
B-01
RB-02
RB-01
PP-03
PP-04
PP-05
PP-02
PP-01
PP-06
M-22
M-23
M-24
M-10
M-11M-15
M-13M-09
M-02
M-16
M-08
M-07
M-06M-05
M-01
M-12
M-03 M-04 M-18M-17
M-20M-19M-14
M-21
M-25
File Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report_2014\Figure_2_Strawberry_Park.mxd
Year 2 Monitoring Results for the Strawberry Plant Parkand Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
Legend!( Marsh Quadrats
!( Photo Points
Riparian Baseline
Riparian Transects ± 0 20 40Feet
Figure 3July 2014Pritchard Park East Bluff
Riparian Baseline and Transects,Forage Fish Survey Transects, and
Photo Point LocationsFile Path: M:\Projects\330A_Bainbridge\Mapfiles\Results_Report_2014\Figure_3_Pritchard_Park.mxd
Legend!( Photo Points
Forage Fish Survey Transects
Riparian Baseline
Riparian Transects
Year 2 Monitoring Results for the Strawberry Plant Parkand Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
± 0 20 40Feet
Units
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
July 2014Pritchard Park East Bluff Monitoring
Figure 4
Transect FF-01 (7-9 ft MLLW)
Grain Size Distribution Curve --
December 2013Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
Very Fine Sand 0.063 - 0.125 0.0%
Coarse Silt & Fines <0.063 0.0%
Medium Sand 0.25 - 0.5 2.6%
Fine Sand 0.125 - 0.25 0.1%
Gravel 2 - 4 55.5%
Coarse Sand 0.5 - 2 12.4%
Grainsize Analysis Effective Diameter (mm) Percent Passing
Coarse Gravel >4 66.4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124
Perc
en
t o
f S
am
ple
Passin
g
Grainsize in millimeters
Grain Size Distribution
Units
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
July 2014
Transect FF-02 (5-8 ft MLLW)
Grain Size Distribution Curve --
December 2013
Figure 5
0.0%
Pritchard Park East Bluff Monitoring
Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
Grainsize Analysis
Coarse Gravel
Gravel
Coarse Sand
Medium Sand
Fine Sand
Very Fine Sand
Coarse Silt & Fines
0.125 - 0.25
0.063 - 0.125
<0.063
0.0%
0.0%
Effective Diameter (mm)
>4
2 - 4
0.5 - 2
0.25 - 0.5
Percent Passing
63.1%
49.2%
8.1%
1.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124
Perc
en
t o
f S
am
ple
Passin
g
Grainsize in millimeters
Grain Size Distribution
Units
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
July 2014
Grainsize Analysis Effective Diameter (mm) Percent Passing
Coarse Gravel >4 95.8%
Gravel 2 - 4 92.0%
Coarse Sand 0.5 - 2 42.5%
Medium Sand 0.25 - 0.5 6.3%
Fine Sand 0.125 - 0.25 0.0%
Very Fine Sand 0.063 - 0.125 0.0%
Coarse Silt & Fines <0.063 0.0%
Pritchard Park East Bluff MonitoringFigure 6
Transect FF-03 (7-9 ft MLLW)
Grain Size Distribution Curve --
December 2013Prepared for the City of Bainbridge Island
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0.031250.06250.1250.250.5124
Perc
en
t o
f S
am
ple
Passin
g
Grainsize in millimeters
Grain Size Distribution
TABLES
Table 1. Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Cover
Class Common Name Scientific Name
Number of
Transects
with non-
zero cover
(out of 7)
Average
% Cover
Median %
Cover
Distributional
Assumption for
Estimating
Mean
Unbiased
Mean
Estimate
% Cover
Lower
90% CL
Upper
90% CL
Native
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1 0.54 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
oceanspray Holodiscus discolor 2 0.72 0 ZMLN 0.72 0 16
lupine Lupinus sp. 1 0.30 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
tall Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium 1 0.018 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 3 4.3 0 ZMLN 4.1 0 12
red elderberry Sambucus racemosa 1 0.10 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Total Native Shrubs 6 6.0 3.9 ZMLN 5.6 0.87 10
red alder Alnus rubra 3 6.5 0 ZMLN 7.4 0 738
red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera 1 0.13 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
black cottonwood Populus balsamifera 1 0.048 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 1 0.071 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
cascara Rhamnus purshiana 1 1.4 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Pacific willow Salix lasiandra 2 0.038 0 ZMLN 0.038 0 0.083
Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 4 0.48 0.33 ZMLN 0.47 0 1.0
Western red cedar Thuja plicata 2 0.51 0 ZMLN 0.51 0 1.1
Total Native Trees 5 9.2 0.69 ZMLN 7.9 0 83
Total Native Species 7 15 7.8 LN 14 7.7 80
Total All Species 7 15 7.8 LN 14 7.7 80
Notes:
CL = confidence level
n/a = not available
ZMLN = Zero-modified lognormal distribution; LN=log-normal distribution
Shrubs
Trees
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 1 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 2. Change in Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 1 and 2 (2012-2013)
Common Namea
Scientific Name
Percent of
Quadrats with
Decreased Cover
Percent of
Quadrats with No
Change
Percent of
Quadrats with
Increased Cover
Statistical
Resultb
Native
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 14% 86% 0% No Test
lupine Lupinus sp. 0% 86% 14% No Test
tall Oregon grape Mahonia aquifolium 14% 71% 14% No Test
Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 0% 57% 43%
red elderberry Sambucus racemosa 14% 86% 0% No Test
Total Native Shrubs 71% 14% 14%
red alder Alnus rubra 43% 43% 14%
red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera 14% 86% 0% No Test
Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii 14% 86% 0% No Test
cascara Rhamnus purshiana 0% 86% 14% No Test
Pacific willow Salix lasiandra 14% 71% 14% No Test
Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 14% 43% 43%
Western red cedar Thuja plicata 0% 71% 29% No Test
Total Native Trees 57% 14% 29%
Total Native Species 29% 0% 71%
Notes:a Displayed species are species observed in both years - Total Native includes
species observed in either year.b Species with less than three non-zero changes could not be statistically tested.
Shrubs
Trees
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 2 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 3. Strawberry Plant Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Type of Species Cover Class Common Name Scientific Name
Number of
Transects (out of 7)
with Species
Observed
Number of
Transects with
non-zero cover
Distributional
Assumption for
Mean % Cover
Average
Percent
Cover
90%
Lower CL
90%
Upper CL
horsetail Equisetum sp. 1
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1
lupine Lupinus sp. 1
rush Juncus sp. 1
strawberry Fragaria sp. 1
willowherb Epilobium sp. 4
American dunegrass Leymus mollis 1
common rush Juncus effusus 1
aster Aster sp. 4
birds-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus 2
bull thistle Cirsium vulgare 1
common plantain Plantago major 3
common St. John's-wort Hypericum perforatum 1
geranium Geranium sp. 3
prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola 2
Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota 5
vetch Vicia sp. 4
white clover Trifolium repens 7
Shrub Himalayan blackberry Rubus discolor 1
Unclassified Gram Unclassified-grass Unclassified-grass 7
Non-Plant Cover 2 ZMLN 3.9% 0 36%
Bare Ground 0 n/a 0% n/a n/a
Notes:aConfidence intervals for mean plant cover found by subtraction from non-plant cover intervals
CL = confidence level
n/a = not available
ZMLN=Zero-modified lognormal distribution; LN=log-normal distribution
64% 100%
Gram
Non-Native or
Invasive
Herb
96%Plant Cover
Native
Herb
7 n/aa
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 3 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 4. Pritchard Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Cover
Class Common Name Scientific Name
Number of
Transects
with non-
zero cover
(out of 7)
Average
% Cover
Median %
Cover
Distributional
Assumption
for Estimating
Mean
Unbiased
Mean
Estimate
% Cover
Lower
90% CL
Upper
90% CL
Native
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 1 0.61 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
oceanspray Holodiscus discolor 5 2.1 1.7 ZMLN 2.9 0 16
lupine Lupinus sp. 1 0.45 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 5 4.4 2.0 ZMLN 6.0 0 27
thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus 1 0.10 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus 5 4.4 3.1 ZMLN 4.4 0 9.1
Total Native Shrubs 7 12 13 N 12 4.9 19
grand fir Abies grandis 1 0.60 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
red alder Alnus rubra 1 0.32 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
shore pine Pinus contorta 1 0.23 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 2 0.12 0 n/a n/a n/a n/a
Total Native Trees 3 1.3 0 ZMLN 1.3 0 2.6
Total Native Species 7 13 13 N 13 5.9 21
Total All Species 7 13 13 N 13 5.9 21
Notes:
CL = confidence level
ZMLN = Zero-modified lognormal distribution; N=normal distribution
n/a = not available
Shrubs
Trees
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 4 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 5. Change in Pritchard Park Crown Cover on Riparian Transects for Year 1 and 2 (2012-2013)
Common Name Scientific Namea
Percent of
Quadrats
with
Decreased
Cover
Percent of
Quadrats
with No
Change
Percent of
Quadrats
with
Increased
Cover
Statistical
Resultb
Native
kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 14% 86% 0% No Test
oceanspray Holodiscus discolor 29% 29% 43%
lupine Lupinus sp. 0% 86% 14% No Test
Nootka rose Rosa nutkana 14% 29% 57%
thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus 14% 86% 0% No Test
common snowberry Symphoricarpos albus 14% 14% 71%
Total Native Shrubs 29% 0% 71%
grand fir Abies grandis 14% 86% 0% No Test
red alder Alnus rubra 43% 43% 14%
Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana 14% 71% 14% No Test
Total Native Trees 57% 29% 14%
Total Native Species 29% 0% 71%
a Displayed species are species observed in both years - Total Native includes
species observed in either year.
b Species with less than three non-zero changes could not be statistically tested.
Shrubs
Trees
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 5 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 6. Pritchard Park Groundcover on Riparian Transects for Year 2
Type of Species Cover Class Common Name Scientific Name
Number of Transects
(out of 7) with
Species Observed
Number of
Transects with
non-zero cover
Distributional
Assumption for
Mean % Cover
Average
Percent
Cover
90% Lower
CL
90% Upper
CL
redwood sorrel Oxalis oregana 1
willowherb Epilobium sp. 2
aster Aster sp. 4
birds-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus 1
common plantain Plantago major 1
curly dock Rumex crispus 1
geranium Geranium sp. 1
prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola 1
Queen Anne's lace Daucus carota 1
white clover Trifolium repens 2
butterfly bush Buddleja davidii 1
Himalayan blackberry Rubus discolor 6
English ivy Hedera helix 2
vetch Vicia sp. 7
Unclassified Gram Unclassified-grass Unclassified-grass 7
Non-Plant Cover 0 n/a 0% n/a n/a
Bare Ground 0 n/a 0% n/a n/a
Notes:
CL = confidence level
n/a = not available
n/a n/aNon-Native or
Invasive
Herb
Shrub
Vine
100%Plant Cover
Native Herb
7 n/a
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 6 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 7. Strawberry Plant Park Percent Coverage on Marsh Quadrats for Year 2
Actual
Total
Canopy (%)
Average
Quadrat
Canopy
Cover (%)
Frequency
(%)
Species
Composition
(%)
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
orache, fat-hen saltbush Atriplex patula131 16.4 32 0.87
5.1 0 12
pickleweed Salicornia virginica247 17.6 56 0.9
46 35 57
seaside plantain Plantago maritima65.0 13.00 20 0.69
1.2 0.32 2.1
sandspurry Spergularia sp.146.0 20.86 28 1.11
2.3 0.02 4.6
entire-leaved gumweed Grindelia integrifolia10.0 10.0 4 0.53
2.5 0.000 5.1
American dunegrass Leymus mollis13.0 6.50 8.0 0.34
0.5 0 2
Juncus effusus common rush30.0 6.0 20.0 0.32
0 n/a n/a
seashore saltgrass Distichlis spicata1161 55.3 84 2.93
10 3.4 16
fleshy jaumea Jaumea carnosa57 9.5 24 0.5
6.7 0 19
seaside arrow-grass Triglochin maritimum 10.0 10.0 4.0 0.53 0.4 n/a n/a
Canopy Cover, Native 1870 165 8.8 81 69 90
Unclassified-grass Unclassified-grass 15.0 15.0 4.0 0.80 n/a n/a n/a
Canopy Cover, NNI 15 15 0.80 n/a n/a n/a
TOTAL 1885 180 10 81 70 90
Proportion of non-native or invasive plants (%): 8.3% 0.63% 1.2% 0.246%
Notes:
Species composition: Obtained by dividing the average percent canopy cover of each plant species by the total canopy cover of all plant
species.
90% Confidence
Non-Native or Invasive (NNI)
Actual Total Canopy: Obtained by summing the percent cover of all quadrats on the transect.
Average Quadrat Canopy Cover: Obtained by dividing the total canopy by the total number of quadrats sampled on the transect.
Frequency: Obtained by dividing the number of occurrences of a plant species (the number of quadrats in which a plant species was observed)
by the total number of quadrats sampled along the transect.
Native
Common Name Scientific Name
Exact Method - Continuous
Unbiased
Average
Quadrat
Canopy
Cover (%)
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 7 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
Table 8. Change in Strawberry Plant Park Crown Cover on Marsh Quadrats for Year 1 and 2 (2012-2013)
Common Name Scientific Namea
Percent of
Quadrats
with
Decreased
Cover
Percent of
Quadrats
with No
Change
Percent of
Quadrats
with
Increased
Cover
Statistical
Resultb
orache, fat-hen saltbush Atriplex patula 40% 56% 4% -seashore saltgrass Distichlis spicata 8% 48% 44% +
entire-leaved gumweed Grindelia integrifolia 8% 80% 12%
fleshy jaumea Jaumea carnosa 12% 76% 12%
seaside plantain Plantago maritima 12% 80% 8%
pickleweed Salicornia virginica 12% 12% 76% +
sandspurry Spergularia sp. 32% 56% 12%
seaside arrow-grass Triglochin maritimum 4% 92% 4% No Testc
Unclassified Unclassified-grass Unclassified-grass 0% 88% 12%
28% 16% 56%
16% 84% 0%
44% 16% 40%
Notes:a Displayed species are species observed in both years - Total NNI, Total Native, and Total include
species observed in either year.b "+" indicates a significant increase (two-tailed sign test, alpha = 0.05);
"-" indicates a significant decrease; other species are not significantly changedc Species with less than three non-zero changes could not be statistically tested.
Native
Total Native
Total Non-Native or Invasive
Total (All Species)
Year 2 Monitoring Results
Strawberry Park and
Pritchard Park East Bluff Restoration Projects
July 2014 Page 8 of 8140619_Yr 2 Results Report Tables
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