©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 1
21 rue la Noue Bras de Fer44200 NANTES - FRANCE +33 2 40 18 09 16 [email protected] www.systemplus.fr
STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator
Time of Flight & Illumination device from Apple iPhone XIMAGING report by Stéphane ELISABETHJanuary 2018 – version 1
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 2
Table of Contents
Overview / Introduction 4
o Executive Summary
o Reverse Costing Methodology
Company Profile 8
o STMicroelectronics
o STMicroelectronics Portfolio
o FligthSense Technology
o Supply Chain
o Apple iPhone X Teardown
Physical Analysis 24
o Summary of the Physical Analysis 25
o Package 27
Package View & Dimensions
Package Opening:
Overview, Wire Bonding, Flood Illuminator
Package Cross-Section:
Adhesives, Ceramic Substrate, PCB Substrate, Diffuser, Filters, FOV, Heat Sink
o VCSEL #1 & #2 Die 52
Die View & Dimensions
Die Overview & Cavity
Die Cross-Section
Die Process Characteristic
o VCSEL Driver Die 84
Die View & Dimensions
Die Overview & Marking
Die Delayering & main ID Block
Die Cross-Section
Die Process Characteristic
o SPAD Detector Die 95
Die View & Dimensions
Die Overview & Marking: Active Area, SPADs
Die Delayering & main ID Block
Die Cross-Section
Die Process Characteristic
Comparison with STMicroelectronics FligthSense PortFolio 120
o Package, Function, FOV, Optical Blocking Package, SPAD Detector & VCSELs, SPADs
Manufacturing Process 127
o SPAD Detector Die Front-End Process & Fabrication Unit.
o VCSEL Drive Die Front-End Process & Fabrication Unit
o VCSELs Die Front-End Process & Fabrication Unit
o OLGA Packaging Process & Fabrication unit
Cost Analysis 144
o Summary of the cost analysis 145
o Yields Explanation & Hypotheses 146
o SPADs Detector & VCSEL Driver die 149
Die Front-End Cost
Die Wafer & Die Cost
o VCSELs Die 153
Die Front-End Cost
Die Front-End Cost per process steps
Die Wafer & Die Cost
o Component 159
Packaging Cost
Component Cost
Estimated Selling Price 163
Feedbacks 167
Company services 169
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 3
Overview / Introductiono Executive Summaryo Reverse Costing
Methodologyo Glossary
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
• This full reverse costing study has been conducted to provide insight on technology data, manufacturing cost and selling price of theSTMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator in Apple iPhone X.
• Located in the front above the main speaker, the proximity sensor & flood illuminator is packaged using optical LGA. The device is a custom version for Apple. In the past, STMicroelectronics has already release a custom proximity sensor two times smaller (2.80 x 2.40 mm) than the devices in it’s portfolio. This new version came along with a flood illuminator used in the true depth system. The sensor is still based on FlighSenseTM technology.
• In this report, the complete microsystem is analyzed from the two illumination device which are a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) to the collector based on the Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) developed by STMicroelectronics. The report includes a complete cost analysis and price estimation of the device based on a detailed description of the package, the ToF detector, the VCSEL and the other VCSEL for the flood illumination.
• It also features a complete technology comparison with the STMicroelectronics ToF portfolio since the first generation, the VL53L0X the VL6180X, and the last custom proximity sensor from the Apple iPhone 8.
Executive Summary
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 4
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain o STMicroelectronicso Time of Fligth Technologyo Apple iPhone X Teardown
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Apple iPhone X Teardown
Apple iPhone X Opened View©2018 by System Plus Consulting
NIR Camera Sensor Spectral Sensor
RGB Camera
DOT projector Proximity Sensor& Flood Illuminator
The NIR Camera Sensor, the RGB camera and the DOT projector are together.The proximity sensor & flood illuminator is separated to the True depth system.
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 5
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Summary of the Physical Analysis
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 6
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Views & Dimensions
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 7
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Opening
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 8
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Cross-Section #1
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 9
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #1 Die Overview
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 10
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #1 Die – Cross-Section
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 11
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #2 Die View and Dimensions
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 12
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #2 Die Cross-Section
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 13
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #2 Die Cross-Section
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 14
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL Driver Die View & Dimensions
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 15
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
SPAD Detector Die View & Dimensions
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 16
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
SPAD Detector Die – SPADs
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 17
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis o Summaryo Packageo VCSEL #1o VCSEL #2o VCSEL Drivero SPAD Detector
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
SPAD Detector Die – Die Cross-Section
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 18
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison o Packageo Functiono FOVo Optical Blocking Packageo SPAD Detector & VCSELso SPADs Cells
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Comparison with STMicroelectronics Portfolio – Optical Blocking Package
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 19
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flowo SPAD Detector Processo SPAD Detector Fab Unito VCSEL Driver Processo VCSEL Driver Fab Unito VCSEL #1 Processo VCSEL #1 Fab Unito VCSEL #2 Process Flowo VCSEL #2 Fab Unito Assembly Unito Packaging Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Global Overview
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 20
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flowo SPAD Detector Processo SPAD Detector Fab Unito VCSEL Driver Processo VCSEL Driver Fab Unito VCSEL #1 Processo VCSEL #1 Fab Unito VCSEL #2 Process Flowo VCSEL #2 Fab Unito Assembly Unito Packaging Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
VCSEL #2 Wafer Process Flow (1/3)
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 21
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flowo SPAD Detector Processo SPAD Detector Fab Unito VCSEL Driver Processo VCSEL Driver Fab Unito VCSEL #1 Processo VCSEL #1 Fab Unito VCSEL #2 Process Flowo VCSEL #2 Fab Unito Assembly Unito Packaging Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Assembly Process Flow (1/3)
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 22
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysiso Synthesiso Supply Chain o Yield Synthesiso SPAD Detector FE Costo SPAD Detector Wafer & Die
Costo VCSEL Driver FE Costo VCSEL Driver Wafer & Die
Costo VCSEL #1 FE Costo VCSEL #1 Wafer & Die Costo VCSEL #2 FE Costo VCSEL #2 Wafer & Die Costo Packaging Costo Component Cost
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
SPAD Detector Front-End Cost
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 23
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysiso Synthesiso Supply Chain o Yield Synthesiso SPAD Detector FE Costo SPAD Detector Wafer & Die
Costo VCSEL Driver FE Costo VCSEL Driver Wafer & Die
Costo VCSEL #1 FE Costo VCSEL #1 Wafer & Die Costo VCSEL #2 FE Costo VCSEL #2 Wafer & Die Costo Packaging Costo Component Cost
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Component Cost
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 24
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Pluso Company serviceso Related reportso Contacto Legal
REVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING
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©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 25
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysiso Definition of Priceso Manufacturer Financialo Estimated Selling Price
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator Estimated Selling Price
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 26
COMPANYSERVICES
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 27
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Pluso Company serviceso Related reportso Contacto Legal
Business Models Fields of Expertise
Custom Analyses(>130 analyses per year)
Reports(>40 reports per year)
Costing Tools
Trainings
©2018 by System Plus Consulting | STMicroelectronics Proximity Sensor & Flood Illuminator 28
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Selling Price Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Pluso Company serviceso Related reportso Contacto Legal
Contact
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