© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 2
What this section will cover:
Mechanics Hand signals Whistles
Working with other officials Partner Table staff
Positioning on deck during a game
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 3
Mechanics
Hand Signals being clear and pointing correctly
Whistles speaking/communicating with your
whistle don’t whistle too much standard whistles
Communicating Verbally when to drop your whistle
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 4
Whistles and Signals
Ordinary (defensive) fouls
Ordinary (offensive) fouls turnover
2 meter line violation
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 5
Whistles and Signals
Neutral throws
Numbers signal with both hands signal the player(s) involved keep hands in front of shirt if
visibility is a problem
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 6
Whistles and Signals
Exclusion fouls regular exclusion
game exclusion with substitution
brutality
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 8
Signals
Out-of-bounds (end line violation) corner throws
• think of it as a (brief) change of possession
goal throws• think of it as a technical foul against the
(former) offense for throwing the ball out of play
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 9
Signals
Goal point back to the center of the pool
• use right hand across body• this ought not be confused with a minor
foul which is left hand and arm outstretched
point first to the right (before pointing back to the center of the pool) if there is need for added emphasis
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 10
Signal for Re-entry of Excluded Player
When: the referee determines that there is a change of
possession during live time the referee awards a change of possession
Point in the new direction of attack Player (or substitute) may come in immediately
if excluded player has already reached re-entry area
Player (or substitute) may come in as soon as excluded player goes into the re-entry area
* If player just stays in the re-entry area, wave them in.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 11
What this section will cover:
Mechanics Hand signals Whistles
Working with other officials Partner Table staff
Positioning on deck during a game
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 12
Working With Your Partner
Talk to him/her before the game during the game after the game
Be considerate be on time be ready and prepared
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 13
Talk to your partnerBEFORE the game
Any new interpretations? Any special facility rules? What should we expect from each
team? (Rivals? Friends?) What signals will I use if I need help? What are our areas of responsibility?
(Front Court, Back Court, Transitions)
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 14
Talk to your partnerDURING the game
Any tendencies of players and/or teams that have been noticed …
If the other referee appears to be screened, discuss what you saw …
Support each other An error by one referee is
considered to be an error by both referees
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 16
Working with the Table
When arrive what is the signal for 35 seconds what is the signal for end of a
period what is the signal for a timeout
request how are players going to be waved
in how will table notify the referees if
a player has a third foul
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 17
Who is running the clocks?
Who is running the game clock? Know when to start/stop the clock
Who is running the possession clock? Know when to start/stop the clock Know when to reset the clock
Who is keeping time for the timeouts and between periods?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 18
Who are the secretaries?
Game secretary - does he/she know what to put where in the game log
Exclusion secretary - does he/she know how to calculate when player is to be waved in
Timeout secretary - does he/she know to watch the coach and not the game
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 19
Time Factors
Four periods (quarters) 7 minutes each May be reduced for different levels of
competition May be reduced by the tournament
for scheduling purposes
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 20
Time Factors
Time between periods 2 minutes each
Timeouts 2 timeouts of 1 minute each 3rd timeout in extra time
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 21
Time Factors
Extra Time Optional for USWP, unless a clear
result is required 5 minute break 2 periods of 3 minutes each
• 1 minute between the two extra time periods
Penalty Shootout
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 22
Checking the Scoresheet
Filled rosters before game is started Make sure the correct information is
being entered during the game At the end of the game:
tally scores• running log, score by quarter, team logs• Number of exclusions and time outs must
tally with number of blank spaces in running log
Do more detailed analysis as necessary
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 23
If Table is Challenged
During a game: get everyone away ask table if they think everything is
correct review details
After a game: get everyone away review details
ALWAYS SUPPORT THE TABLE!!!!!
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 24
Desk Officials Manual
Found in the USWP Officiating Manual
Detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of desk personnel
Sample scoresheet authorized for USWP competition
Scorebook available USWP Commercial sources
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 25
Rule Regarding Caps
Teams are to wear caps of contrasting colors.
Colors must be clearly visibly different when wet and when dry.
If the caps are insufficiently different: The first team listed may be required to wear
white caps. The second team listed may be required to
wear blue caps. Patterned caps are permitted
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 26
What this section will cover:
Mechanics Hand signals Whistles
Working with other officials Partner Table staff
Positioning on deck during a game
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 27
Positioning:What are you looking for?
Start of game Standard front court and back
court areas of responsibility On transitions Player advantage
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 28
Starting the Game Each team must have seven
players in the water - a goalkeeper and 6 field players.
Line up on the goal line, on the wall, or on the 2 meter line (based on the limitations of the facility).
Both referees at mid-field opposite each other.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 30
At the Start
Referee not dropping ball Waits for partner dropping ball to
signify he/she is ready Watches both teams to assure that
they are ready Raises arm(s) to signify that the
teams are ready Watches for
• did anyone start early• did anyone help a teammate early in
the sprint
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 31
At the Start
Referee dropping the ball Signifies he/she is ready by raising an arm
to a horizontal or vertical position Watches partner Help move teams into position by moving
raised arm once partner raises both arms, drop arm,
and blow whistle immediately step back to help watch 1st part of sprint drop ball and watch for
• pulling on lane line, wall, etc.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 33
At Start …..
If a player “cheats”, blow whistle, indicate direction of attack, drop ball at halfway line
If ball thrown to advantage of one team (not on halfway line), call for ball and administer a neutral throw (referee dropping ball only)
If too many players, etc., reset all clocks and restart period (including sprint)
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 34
Front CourtDuring Set Play
Standard front court offense: Responsible for near wing and defender, near flat and defender, center forward and center back, and goalkeeper.
Double post offense: Responsible for near wing, near flat, both posts, and goalkeeper.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 36
Watching from Front Court
Default is between the 2 and 4 meter lines.
Might not be able to see set and where the ball is clearly.
Move around to get the best view - without bouncing around too much.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 41
Front Court MUSTS
Know where the goal line is (be sure you always try to get to the goal line on a shot)
Know where the 2 meter line is. Know where the 4 meter line is. Know where the ball is and what is
happening there.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 42
Elements Used to Call the Center Forward
Where are the center forward’s and center back’s hands? Who initiated the contact? Who gained an advantage from the
contact? Call the appropriate foul
• ordinary foul (offensive or defensive)• neutral throw• exclusion
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 43
Other Elements to Call the Center Forward
What are the center forward and center back trying to do? Is the center forward being
prevented from playing offense by impeding, holding, sinking or pulling back?
Is the center back prevented from playing defense by pushing off, holding, sinking or pulling back?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 44
Context, Context, Context
How are the actions of the center forward and center back related to what else is going on in the pool? What is happening where the ball is? Are there drivers coming through? Did a pick open up a player? Is there any shooting advantage?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 45
When a Crasher/Slougheris Coming In
Does the center forward know the crasher or slougher is coming in? Yes: was he/she prevented to protecting the
ball? Then ordinary foul (usually). No: then ball is often stolen.
Was the ball passed to the center forward while crashers were coming in? Yes: usually a bad pass; ball should be
stolen.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 46
Back CourtDuring Set Play
Responsible for perimeter positions.
Default position: Near the 7-meter line but close to any pairs behind that line.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 48
Back Court MUSTS
Know where the 7 meter line is . Know whether a foul occurred in
front of or behind the 7 meter line. Know when the front court referee
needs help. Know where the ball is and what is
happening there.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 49
Refereeing the Back Court
Not time for a vacation Current strategy is moving the ball
to get it to the center forward watch how the ball gets passed to the
center forward if there is a foul at center forward,
ball needs to be passed back out Referees should always call the
exclusion when in doubt
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 50
Back Court Principles
Call the exclusion foul for holding, sinking or pulling back a player
Handchecking is an exclusion foul Be aware of what is happening
where the ball is Is the center forward turning? Is someone ready to shoot?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 51
Calling Ordinary Fouls
If there is an ordinary foul, call it. Be sure that it is related to play Call the foul quickly if it is there
• delay takes time off the possession clock• if the attacking team has earned it, give
it to them
The onus is on the defense to show they are not committing fouls.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 52
Drives
Watch the players and their positions Did the attacking player swim over
the defender? Did the defender handcheck the
attacking player? Did the defender hold the attacking
player? Who got to the position first?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 53
Picks
Are often run, especially after a foul is called at set
Misconception about “standing” picks
If the pick affects play: if an attacking player holds a defender:
offensive (may be ordinary or exclusion) if a defender holds an attacking player:
exclusion foul
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 54
The Refereeing Ideal ...
The referee should not focus on just one situation or just one pair of players watch what is going on in your primary
area of responsibility be aware of all the other pairs of players know where the ball is be sensitive to what is happening at the
ball
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 56
When Back Court Callsin the Front Court
Front court referee controls the offense; poking in by the back court referee creates an element of inconsistency.
Only when requested by the front court referee.
Very rarely: Gross offensive fouls from which the front
court referee was screened. Gross defensive fouls (overaggressive,
endangerment) when front court referee is screened.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 57
Counterattack (Fast Break)
Transition from back court to front court
Transition from front court to back court
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 58
Changing from Back to Front
Should be on the move at the start of the counterattack
Lead the counterattack: Walk backwards and watch the counterattack come your way
Be aware of the 7 meter line if the back court referee hasn’t gotten there yet
Stop at the 4 meter line until attack goes inside the 4 meter area
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 59
Backcourt to frontcourt transition
R2
GG
oo
o
o o
ox
x
x
x
x
x
Get in front of the counterattack and walk backwards!
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 60
Changing fromFront to Back
Stop, don’t move: Continue to watch the center forward and center back as they untangle
Turn your body to look down the pool Follow behind the trailing pair: Do not
advance in front of them until the ball is way down in the front court
Get to the are of 7 meter line quickly once the ball is in the front court
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 61
What to Watch
Watch any pairs of caps that are close: Any sudden change in position is usually due to a pull back
Watch for any kicking/striking or any retaliation for aggressive defensive pressure
Know what level of advantage the attacking team has
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 62
What Fouls to Call
Any pullback should be an exclusion unless the attacking team has a significant advantage in front court
Where did the foul occur? What is the possibility that they can elevate to a penalty foul?
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 63
Transition At Exclusions
Many goals are scored immediately after calling an exclusion or as player is returning to field
Watch what is happening even as you are changing your default position
Watch for: interfering with free throw interference by the excluded player
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 64
What is Interferenceby an Excluded Player?
Player must swim to re-entry area must remain in the water may not interfere with game
Player must go by shortest route unless that route will interfere with the progress of the game swimming through the 6 on 5 offense
is sometimes interfering with the play
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 65
Calling for Timeouts
Two timeouts of 1 minute each. An additional timeout may be called in extra time.
Must be called by the coach of the team in possession of the ball (live time). If used up all Timeouts – free throw to other
team in middle of the pool If called by team not in possession of the ball
– penalty throw If called when no team in possession of the
ball – free throw to other team
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 66
Administering Timeouts
Both teams must huddle in the defensive half of the pool.
After 45 seconds, horn (or whistle) to tell the teams to move into position.
At full time (60 seconds), horn (or whistle) to indicate the ball should be put into play by team calling timeout.
If team calling timeout is late coming out, can be awarded to other team for delay.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 67
Front Court during Exclusions
Watch both posts and near wing. Watch for players going inside 2-meter
area. Watch for inside passes and possible
penalty fouls. Most common fouls (overpass at wing),
defender sinks player to have extra time to return and help defend near post.
Watch for sinking of the post player.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 68
Back Courtduring Exclusions
Monitor perimeter and outside fouls. Watch for sinking after overpass. Watch for tips and pull backs on far post
(post closest to back court referee). Watch for goalie pushing off cage to
defend shot or pushing the goal to change alignment of goal.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 69
Penalty Shootout
Referees toss coin in presence of captains to determine who shoots first
There will be no change of ends and each team will shoot at their opponent's goal.
Each referee will conduct the penalty throws in their offensive end.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 70
Penalty Shootout
The coach of each team will name five shooters and a goalkeeper for the penalty shootout. The five shooters must be listed in the
order that they will shoot. The sequence of shooters may not be
changed. Players who are not eligible (excluded
from the remainder of the game) may not participate.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 71
Penalty Shootout
The teams will alternate taking five penalty throws each. The first team will shoot and then the other team. Teams will alternate shooting until all five shooters have taken a throw.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 72
Penalty Shootout
All players, with the exception of the player taking the shot and the defending goalkeeper will be required to be seated on their respective team benches.
During the shootout, a team may use any eligible player as a goalkeeper.
The same player need not serve as goalkeeper for every throw.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 73
Penalty Shootout
If after taking five shots each the teams are still tied, then alternating pairs of shots will be taken until one team scores and the other team misses. The same five player will shoot in the
same order as for the first time.
© 2004, FINA Standard 3.2 - 74
Penalty Shootout
In shallow-deep pools, all shots will be taken at the deep end of the pool.
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