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The following Presentation
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mailto:[email protected]://www.nmore.co.in/http://www.nmore.co.in/mailto:[email protected]7/28/2019 SPSS Overview k
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Session 1
SPSS Overview and Basic Operations
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Once you have installed the SPSS software you will find the SPSS
short cut in the start menu or SPSS for Windows menu in the Start/ All Programs. Clicking on SPSS 15.0 for Windows Evaluation
version opens the SPSS software.
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This is the start up screen,
which looks like the familiar
Excel worksheet.
Click on the Cancel button
to remove the start up box.
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We have a matrix with
rows and columns
The first column has
numbers 1,2,3,4.
And the first row has
var on top of each
column. The var
stands for variable.
Lets input some data
Row
Column
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O.Chandra Shekar
Aparna.A
K.Adeep
Click in the cell where you want to
type in the data. After you have
finished typing press enter to move
to next cell.
You will notice that as soon as you
complete the first data entry and
press enter the name of the variable
on the top of the column changes
(by default it is var00001).
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Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Now, lets add some more data in the next two columns.
Notice that the variable names on top of each column
are assigned automatically.
Each row represents a case or record. Each case has
variables attached to it. For example for case 1 the
name of the respondent is O. Chandra Shekar and his
age is 17 and he is male. It would be nice to have
variable names that tell us what the variables stand for.
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If you glance at the left hand bottom
of the sheet, you will see two tabs.
Right now you are in Data View andare therefore able to view the data
that is being entered.
Clicking on the variable view data
will take you to the sheet which
holds information about the variable.
This is one of the features which
you will find different from excel.
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name
agegender
The Variable view sheet holds information about the variables.
You can change the names of the variables by simply clicking
in the cell and typing in the appropriate name.
In SPSS version 15, the length of
the variable names is limited to 8
characters and all characters are
in lower case. A space in the name
is not accepted.
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SPSS allows data type
for each variable to be
customized. The
variable type selectionbox can be popped up
by clicking in the space
to the extreme right of
the Type column. By
default all variables are
designated as numericvariables.
Some data types such as date have many formats which can be selected from a
scrollable list. The best part about SPSS is the context specific help that is available
by right clicking on the object for which you need help. For example if you right click
on string you are prompted with Whats This? Clicking on Whats This? gives
you more information about the selected object.
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Width denotes the
number of characters in
the case of string
variables or the number
of digits in the case of
numeric variables
Sometimes the limitation of eight characters
for the name of the variable leads to
gibberish names. You can give a label to
each variable using up to 256 characters.
This label can give a more elaborate
description of the variable.
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The values column in
the variable view
sheet allows us toassign different
values to the same
variable. To assign
values click in the
extreme right side of
the cell for the popup.
This is related to the codes that we use especiallywhile collecting primary data through questionnaires.
Here for example if we had coded male as 1 and
female as 2 we would input these values in the
Value Labels pop up box.
1
Male
1=Male
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The Width column decides on the number of characters or digits that
the variable can acceptwhile the Columns column specifies the width
of column to be displayed. A small number in the columns will allow
only that much portion of the variable to be seen although the variablemay contain much larger data. The visible column width can also be
adjusted by dragging the variable border in the grey area at the top of
the column much like we do in excel.
The last column titled Measure, requires some explanation.
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Statistical packages classify variables into
four types: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and
Ratio. SPSS combines interval and ratio data
to call them scale. Clicking on the extreme
right of the measures column will drop themenu from where the data type can be
selected.
In nominal measurement each numeric value represents a
category or group identifier.
for ordinal measures the data values represent ranking
or ordering information.
In interval measurement, a unit increase in numeric value
represents the same change in quantity regardless of whereit occurs on the scale.
Ratio measures have interval scale properties with the
addition of a meaningful zero point, that is, zero indicates
complete absence of the characteristic measured.
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
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Very often the data required by us is
available in other formats such as excel
or text (asci) format. Or usually data is
entered by persons who may not have
knowledge of SPSS and as such it may
be easier to enter the data in a morefamiliar form such as excel.
SPSS can import data from various
popular and not so popular formats.
Click on File / Open / Data.
This pops up the Open
File dialogue box
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Clicking on the Files of type drop
down arrow gives a list of file
formats that SPSS can import.
Select Excel (*.xls) option and
choose the file to be opened from
the appropriate folder. Please note
that SPSS version 15 does notsupport to import *.xlsx file format.
You can select the worksheet and
range to be copied.
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Check the sheet number to
ensure the correct data to
import if data is distributed in
different sheets and also
check the range and correct if
it is not taken by default.
Click on ok to proceed
The data file is ready in SPSS
for editing and formatting as
shown
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Assign the Values for each
variable in the Values
Column
Assign the Labels for each
variable in the Lebel
Column
Income
Gender
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