SOUTH AMERICA

Map Test and Distribution, Maps Map Test and Distribution, Maps availableavailableQuestions about map test?Questions about map test?Midterm Content and structureMidterm Content and structure No dates; virtual field trips, yesNo dates; virtual field trips, yes

ReviewReviewSouth AmericaSouth America Overview, physiography, climateOverview, physiography, climate Inca and Spanish colonialismInca and Spanish colonialism Culture spheresCulture spheres Economic integration Economic integration

Frequency Distribution - Map Test 1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Mark out of 20

Fre

qu

ency

Map Test I Grade Distribution

Average = 71.4% B-

Midterm: Thursday 10 February

Introduction, Europe, Russia, & Middle America.Multiple choice: 25 @ 2 = 50Definitions: ¾ @ 10 = 30Essay: 1/3@20 = 20

75 minutes: Examination book and scantronNeed pen and pencilTwo rooms

South America: Principal Geographic Qualities

Physiography: Andes mountains and the Amazon basin. Brazil: 50% Population: concentrated near the coastal periphery. Cultural pluralism Regional economic interaction is low but growing! Rapid urban growth

PhysicalEnvironment

Precipitation

The Inca Empire

Culture Hearth-intermontane basin around Cuzco (1200-1535 A.D.)Altiplanos were key to settlement pattern 20 million subjects at zenith

Ecuador to Chile Transportation networks: an integrated empire

Despite rugged terrain And no wheels!

Centralized state with rigid class structure

Indigenous peoples

&Colonial domains

Tordesillas Line Spain organized colonies into Viceroyalties

SOUTH AMERICA’SCULTURE SPHERES

CULTURE SPHERES

Tropical-plantation

Resembles Middle America’s RimlandLocations, soils, & tropical climates favor plantation crops, especially sugar.Initially relied on African slave labor

CULTURE SPHERES

European-commercial

The most European part of South AmericaIncludes the Pampas - temperate grasslandsProductive commercial agricultureEuropean immigration

CULTURE SPHERES

Amerind-subsistence

Coincides with the former Inca EmpireFeudal socioeconomic structure persistsIncludes some of South America’s poorest areasHigh elevationSubsistence agriculture

CULTURE SPHERES

Undifferentiated

Sparsely populated Isolation and lack of change- notable features Development potential of Amazonia Last frontier?

SOUTH AMERICA’S CULTURE SPHERES

Tropical-plantation

European-commercial

Amerind-subsistence

Mestizo-transitional

Undifferentiated

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Mercosur Customs Union launched in 1995

FTA + Common external tariffs Southern cone:

Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, & Paraguay

Andean Community Initially formed in 1969 (Andean Pact) Restarted in 1995 Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, And

Bolivia

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION(CONTINUED)

Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Western Hemisphere FTA

NAFTA CARICOM CACM Mercosur Andean Community