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SOLID WASTE POLLUTIONIN HO CHI MINH CITY
T Quang Ph BTIU09033Bi Thanh Hiu BTIU09068 Nguyn Hong Nguyn BTARIU11010Triu Phng Duy BTBTIU11035Hunh Minh Tm BTFTIU11023Lm Th Tr My BABAIU11298
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GENERAL INFORMATION
Ho Chi Minh city is VietNams center of economic, cultural, education, science and
Technology 2,094 square kilometers and more than 9
million inhabitants
Average GDP growing rate: > 12% GDP/person : 2.800 USD (2010) Contribute ~30% national budget
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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE?
Solid wastes are any discarded (abandoned orconsidered waste-like) materials. Solid wastescan be solid, liquid, semi-solid orcontainerized gaseous material.
EX: waste tires,septage,scrap metal,latexpaints,furniture and toys,domestic refuse(garbage)
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346 Commercial areas218 Markets
128 Supermarkets,commercialcomplexes
2.591Office area
Residential Public areas
354.661
Restaurants,Hotels
area70-80%
53.600Industrial
production
2.139
Education,Training,Research
areas
Sources 521
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SOLID WATES POLLUTION IN HCM CITY
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More than 8600 tons solid waste/day in HCMcity,70% form householdPROBLEMS:
Air/water pollution Bad effect to the urban landscape Disease Economic development is slow Low Life quality
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REASON: The urbanization is too fast
Not suitable planing The solid waste at source isnt good Outdate technologies
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CURRENT
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Recovery, reuse,recycling
Generationsource
Storage at source
Collection
Sanitary landfill
MUNICIPALSOLID WASTEMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Transfer Transport
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Composition
Fromhousehold
Atlandfills
50-65%: Bio-degradable organic waste 25%: Recyclable waste
Scavengers classify and collectvaluable components
90 - 95%: Bio-degradable organic waste
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COLLECTION
(2012) about 7.200 7.400 tons/daywith a 6-8% annualgrowth rate
GENERATED
About 0,7 1,0 kgsolid waste /capita-day , in some areasup to 1,2 1,4 kg/capita day
Quantity
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Groups of private solid wastecollectors
District-level public service
companies
Cooperatives
Manpower: 5.300 5.500 people
Equipments:
(1) 660L hand-pushed
carts;(2) tri-motorcycles,tut-tuts;
(3) half-ton trucks
Collection at sourceAt source collectors
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Recycle/reuse solid waste (cont.)
Collected and transported by hand carts
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Transfer- TransportRendezvous
- About 250 300rendezvous sites .
- Often relocatedbecause of
complaints of lowenvironmentalquality.
Transport
- 3 operators:Citenco. (53%),District PublicService Co. (30%),& Industrial
Argicultural Coop(17%).
- Transportmeans: 261vehicles.
Transfer station
- Amount: 45sites- Capacity:from over 10
20 tons/dayto 1.000 1.500tons/day
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Treatment & LandfillSolid waste treatment complex
- North West Cu Chi 687 ha : landfill andcomposting plant
- Da Phuoc 370 ha : landfill- Treatment technology: sanitation landfill
(90% total quantity) and composting(10% total quantity).
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Scavengers
Including:(1) Scavengers at sources (5.300 5.500 people);(2) Workers in purchasing andrecycling hub facilities (6.000 7.000people);(3) Separators and purchasing agentsat district level (500 1.000 people).
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Recycling1.2.3.4.
Executive agencies: ~ 1,200 factoriesManpower: ~ 16,000Recyclable material: 12-18 typesSimple technologies and low investment
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Consequences a Phc landfills(waterproofing technology)
pollutes many cannals asRang, Bun seo and Nga Cay ;and causes the air pollution.
Complex Ty Bc:groundwater in the campushas been contaminated andmicro nutrients: > standardlevel of NH3 up to 7.5 timesand 200 times coli forms.
The Phuoc Hiep complex pollutes air and groundwater,causing the Thay Cai chanelis polluted- Department of
Natural Resources andEnvironment
Workers are handling odors in Da Phuoclandfills.
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Consequences
Causing diseases as respiratory disease, cholera,dysentery, typhoid, dengue fever
80% of diseases link with water andenvironment sanitation
Data from Childrens Hospital 1-HCMC :
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Consequences
Climate change: affected by solid waste & other pollutions:
temperature: increased by 2 C
Sea level: rose 20 cm (overthe past 10 years)
High tides: peaked in thelast 50 years=> Decreasing in peoplesstandard living and health.
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CHALLENGES
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esp. with growingquantities ofhazardous waste
IMPLEMENT Pilot programsin 2003 and 2008
Still unable toimplement officialprogram due tomany reasons
SW Separation at sourceLEADS TO
Difficulties inproducing high
quality compost ,
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by private collector groups
30-40% by district-level
public service companies
Lack of organization
Causing difficultiesfor:
-SW Separation at
source-Modernizing andincreasing efficiencyof SW transit-transport system
At-source collectionAt-source collection
60-70% of SW are collected
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Recycling
- Recycling facilities: Small-scale ,out-of-date technologies
- No specific support activity fromcity for recycling task
- No area planned specifically forrecycling facilities
Difficulties
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P r
o b l e m
TreatmentCurrent 90% of domestic waste goes to sanitary landfills
Look for moderntechnology,higher recyclingcapability,suitableinvestment cost &expenses
PrioritiesCreate a landfill circulation system incl. LFG-to-electricity generation,composting & recycling valuablewaste into materials.
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Human ResourceHuman Resource in the SWM field
Most crucial factor in order to complete the solidwaste management system of HCMC Currently lacking and undertrained , not meetingexpectation
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GENERATIONSOURCE
STORAGE ATSOURCE
RECOVERY, REUSE,RECYCLING
PLANNING OF MUNICIPALSOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Planningrendezvous andtranfer station
COLLECTION
- SW Separation at source- Applying SW collection fee
Improving 3Rsystem
TRANFER -TRANSPORT
TREATMENT
Using sustainabletreatment technology
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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING
2016-2020 Implement for residential areas
2020-2025 Implement for the rest residentialareas
SW Separation at source
2011-2015: Implement for trade, services
and public sector; Complete Regulationson SW at source
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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING
2016-2020: Establish formalcollector org.; Waste
transportation route planning
2020-2025: Modernize collectionand transportation sys.; Buildnew transfer station
Transfer and Transport
2011-2015: Support to improveInformal collector system;Planning of Transfer station;
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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING
2016-2025: Moving recyclingfacilities to Waste TreatmentComplex
3-R
2011-2015: Support recyclingfacilities to deal environmentalissues; Establish RecyclingAssociation.
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MSW MANAGEMENT PLANNING-Reduce to 75 - 80% of MSW amount goes to
2011-2015:
2015-2020:
2020-2025:
sanitary landfills + LFG recovery
- Improve Composting plant capacity
- Apply Incineration plant
- Improving SWM management by IT
- Open new Waste treatment Complex
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CONCLUSION
HCMC towards the future
- Currently improving a technical system from generationsources to SW treatment complexes towards increasedrecycling , low emission & sustainable development .
- Can safely manage domestic waste until 2030 .- With the addition of separation at source
program, 3Rs , advanced recycling andtreatment technologies : Can safely manage
domestic waste until 2050 .- Improving staff management capacity is
also crucial.
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Thank you for your
attention !!!
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