SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
Chapter Five: Chapter Five: How Sociologists How Sociologists
Do ResearchDo ResearchThis multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
James M. HenslinJames M. Henslin
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 22
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Macro - Broad MattersMacro - Broad Matters
Micro - Individualistic MattersMicro - Individualistic Matters
What is a Valid Sociological Topic?
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 33
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
What Everyone Knows What Everyone Knows
May Not Be TrueMay Not Be True
Move Beyond Move Beyond
GuessworkGuesswork
Common Sense and the Need for Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 44
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Selecting a TopicSelecting a Topic Defining a ProblemDefining a Problem Reviewing the LiteratureReviewing the Literature Formulating a HypothesisFormulating a Hypothesis
A Research Model
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 55
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Choosing a Research MethodChoosing a Research Method Collecting DataCollecting Data Analyzing ResultsAnalyzing Results Sharing ResultsSharing Results
A Research Model
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 66
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 77
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
SurveysSurveys Selecting a SampleSelecting a Sample
Random SampleRandom SampleStratified Random SampleStratified Random Sample
Asking Neutral QuestionsAsking Neutral Questions
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 88
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires Self-AdministeredSelf-Administered Allow the Largest SampleAllow the Largest Sample Low CostLow Cost Loss of Researcher ControlLoss of Researcher Control
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 99
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
InterviewsInterviewsMore Researcher ControlMore Researcher ControlTime ConsumingTime ConsumingInterviewer BiasInterviewer Bias
Structured InterviewsStructured InterviewsOpen-Ended QuestionsOpen-Ended Questions
Establishing RapportEstablishing Rapport
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1010
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)Participant Observation (Fieldwork) Researcher ParticipatesResearcher Participates Problems with GeneralizabilityProblems with Generalizability Done for Exploratory WorkDone for Exploratory Work Generates HypothesesGenerates Hypotheses
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1111
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Secondary AnalysisSecondary Analysis Analyze Data Collected by Analyze Data Collected by
OthersOthers Researcher Cannot Be Sure of Researcher Cannot Be Sure of
Data QualityData Quality
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1212
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
DocumentsDocuments Examine Books, Examine Books,
Newspapers, Diaries, etc.Newspapers, Diaries, etc. Limited ScopeLimited Scope Cannot Study Topic Cannot Study Topic
Unless Access is GrantedUnless Access is Granted
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1313
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
ExperimentsExperiments Experimental GroupExperimental Group Control GroupControl Group Independent VariablesIndependent Variables Dependent VariablesDependent Variables
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1414
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1515
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Unobtrusive MeasuresUnobtrusive Measures Observe People Without Observe People Without
Them KnowingThem Knowing Question of EthicsQuestion of Ethics
Research Methods
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1616
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Available ResourcesAvailable Resources
Access to SubjectsAccess to Subjects
Purpose of ResearchPurpose of Research
Researcher’s Background and TrainingResearcher’s Background and Training
Deciding Which Method to Use
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1717
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Quantitative Research MethodsQuantitative Research MethodsEmphasis on Precise MeasurementEmphasis on Precise MeasurementUses Statistics and NumbersUses Statistics and Numbers
Qualitative Research MethodsQualitative Research MethodsEmphasis on Observing, Describing, Emphasis on Observing, Describing,
and Interpreting Behaviorand Interpreting Behavior
Deciding Which Method to Use
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1818
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Affects Orientation and AttitudesAffects Orientation and Attitudes
Interviewer BiasInterviewer Bias
Women and Men Lead Different Women and Men Lead Different
LivesLives
Gender in Sociological Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 1919
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Openness, Honesty, and Openness, Honesty, and TruthfulnessTruthfulnessForbids Falsifying ResultsForbids Falsifying ResultsCondemns PlagiarismCondemns Plagiarism
Subjects’ Informed ConsentSubjects’ Informed Consent Subjects’ AnonymitySubjects’ Anonymity
Ethics in Sociological Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2020
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Protecting Subjects: The Brajuha Protecting Subjects: The Brajuha
Research Research
Ethics in Sociological Research
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2121
Chapter 5: How Sociologists Do Research
Neither Research nor Neither Research nor Theory can Stand AloneTheory can Stand Alone
Theories Must Be TestedTheories Must Be Tested Findings Must be Explained Findings Must be Explained
with Theorywith Theory
How Research and Theory Work Together
Top Related