Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Page 1
Network Access
Timing and Synchronization
Test & Measurement
http://www.cxr.com
Smart Solutions for Smart Networks
Mike Ritz [email protected]
+1-408-573-2700
Smart Solutions for Network IP Migration
Agenda: • Architectures and Topologies
• Product life cycle
• Media and Protocol Conversion
• Application Cases
• Conclusion
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks Page 2
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Introduction
• Do SCADA and Transmission Network evolve at the same rate of change ?
• What benefits from communication technology progress ?
– Performance, added value services, lower cost
• Is there a universal communication technology that fits all the industry requirements ?
• What are the specific requirements in my organization that have impacts on my network design
– Topology and geography, resources, network history
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks Page 3
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
SCADA System Architecture
• A typical SCADA system is made of 3 parts:
– Remote systems or remote sites: generator, substations, RTU, sensors, relays, valves, etc.
– A Master / Control Center or NOC (Network Operation Center)
– A communication / transmission network
Transmission
Network
Remote site
Control Center
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for Smart Networks Page 4
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Remote Monitoring
• Remote Control and Monitoring
– relay, generators, lights, doors
– sensor, temperature, humidity, voltage, current, pressure, smoke detection, water levels, etc.
– air conditioning, alarms, sirens, doors
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for Smart Networks Page 5
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Remote Monitoring
• Additional associated operation services
– voice communications
– Network access
– Images and video
• Impacts on
– bandwidth
– service availability
– latency for real time applications
– Quality, packet loss
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Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Network Topologies
• Network requirements
– Bandwidth
– Topology and number of remote sites, geography, distance
– Network ownership : public, private
• Technologies
– T1 / DS3
– SONET
– Ethernet / IP
– MPLS
– Cellular 3G / LTE
– Multi-layer encapsulations: Ethernet over T1, T1 over IP over MPLS, etc.
• Media : copper / fiber / Microwave / cellular
• Anticipate next requirements
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for Smart Networks Page 7
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Network Topologies
• Private and Public network advantages
– cost of ownership / OPEX, control of operation, availability and performance, security, coverage, etc.
• Can I Speed up existing communication infrastructure?
– A copper pair can deliver tens of Mbps for Ethernet traffic
– Fiber upgrade and CWDM multiplexing
– MW upgrades
SCADA, video, Ethernet, voice
SONET
IP
SCADA, video, Ethernet, voice
SCADA, video, Ethernet, voice
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for Smart Networks Page 8
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Life Cycles
• SCADA systems and network technologies : different rate of change
• Network technology evolution since 70’s :
– Multi-drop base band modems, dial-up/LL modems, T1, DS-3, SONET, narrow-band MW, xDSL, Frame Relay, Ethernet / IP, ATM, 2/3G, MPLS, 4G/LTE, MPLS-TP
– 300 bps to +40 Gbps
• SCADA systems : RS-232 and E&M have been used since the 70’s
• Communication conversion equipment delivers a path between SCADA systems and the transmission network
40/100 GE
Throughput
t Modems
FR
SONET
T1
CWDM
RS-232 and E&M still here ! MPLS
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for Smart Networks Page 9
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Communication Interface Conversion
• RS-232 to DS-0 in a T1 DACS, with option for T1 over IP emulation
– Conversion : over-sampling, V.14, X.50, etc.
• RS-232 to IP conversion
– Best effort, application aware adaptation layer
– Security : authentication, non falsification, encryption
– Packetization latency
Ethernet
IP
TCP - UDP
SSL
Raw-
ip
COM
port
https Telnet Adaptation interface
Authentication &
Encryption
Application Data Data from the serial
interface
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for Smart Networks Page 10
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Communication Interface Conversion
• Circuit Emulation Services over packet networks
– SAT over packet : RFC 4553
– CES over packet : RFC 5086
– AAL1 (ATM) over packet : RFC 5087
• Significant overhead on lower rate TDM applications
– Negligible on multiple T1’s, DS3, SONET
TDM frames
CES – SAT – TDMoIP header (4x B)
RTP option (12x B)
UDP (8x B)
IP (20x B)
Ethernet (18x B+)
1x T1 frame : 24x Bytes
Header : up to 62x Bytes
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Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Communication Interface Conversion
• Circuit Emulation Services over Packet Network
• Adaptive Clock Recovery
– G.823 compliant
– Accuracy : 10-7 to 10-9 according to the oscillator quality.
TDM Network Packet Network
Circuit / connection mode Connected or non-connetced mode
Guaranteed throughput Shared bandwidth
Negligible overhead Large overhead
Negligible network lattency Significant and variable network lattency
Constant bit rate Unpredictable throughput if best effort
Carries synchronization No synchronization, requires Sync-e & PTP
Negligible bit error rate and data loss Packet loss, QOS, congestion
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for Smart Networks Page 12
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Communication Interface Conversion
• Circuit Emulation applications
Packet
Network
CES
Over
IP
T1, voice
T1, DS3, SONET
BTS
FXO/FXS
E&M, leased line
RTU
RS-530 / X.21
Pseudo-Wire Domain
CES
Over
IP
Clock Recovery
TDM
Network
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for Smart Networks Page 13
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Communication Interface Conversion
• Case for Legacy interfaces : E&M, RS-232
• DS-0 interfaces in T1 multiplexers / channel banks
• Ethernet / IP integrated access devices with embedded Circuit Emulation Services
Packet
Network
E&M
FXS
Eth
SCADA - RTU
T1
RS232
Ethernet
MW
Voice
CES - IAD
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for Smart Networks Page 14
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Customer Application Case #1
• A Utility network, based on legacy T1 multiplexers over Microwave
– High availability and resiliency : multiple loop design
– Redundant synchronization network
– Add T1’s when need to grow and add new services
– Substation : RS-232, E&M, Ethernet, FXS
T1 MW
Fiber
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for Smart Networks Page 15
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Customer Application Case #2
• A Utility network based on SONET
– High availability and resiliency inherent to SONET and T1
– Scalability : OC-3 / OC-12 / OC-48 / etc.
– High Ethernet bandwidth : Ethernet over SONET
– RTU communication interfaces from
• T1 channel bank
• SONET + T1 DACS combined equipment
SONET
OC-n
RTU
Ethernet
Video
Voice
Eth
FXS
RS-232
E&M
SCADA, video, Ethernet, voice
SCADA, video, Ethernet, voice
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for Smart Networks Page 16
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Customer Application Case #3
• A Utility telemetry network based on public 3G mobile network
– Requirements : no network access, autonomous operation
– Digital input to metering devices
– RS-232
– Control
• RS-232 over IP
• SMS text messaging
• Dial-up / modems
3G
IP
Dial-up
Remote site
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for Smart Networks Page 17
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Customer Application Case #4
• Modern transportation communication network
– Ethernet optical network
– CES over packet and RS-232 to IP conversion for legacy SCADA
– CES over packet for PBX voice services
– Ethernet / IP services : VLAN & QOS
• Customer requirements : Communications cost savings, Internet access
Public
Network
Ethernet Optical Network
Station
Ethernet
RS-232
E&M
T1
Control
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for Smart Networks Page 18
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
Conclusions
• Remote Monitoring is not yet full IP!
• Overall architecture is made of hybrid technologies, and will be for quite a while
– Significant cost already to build existing infrastructure
– Nobody wants a forklift upgrade!
• Conversion solutions required at the remote sites
• Each application has different constraints for QOS / SLA, resilience and availability, latency, security, cost, scalability
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks Page 19
Smart Solutions
for Smart Networks
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