Smart® Products Technical Bookletfor Offshore & General use – April 2015
Smart® Band
Smart® Tie
Smart® Installation Tools
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BelowistheindexforHCLClampingSolutions’Smart®BandandSmart®TieTechnicalBooklet.ThroughmanyyearsofexperienceinthemanufactureofSmart®Band,Smart®Tieandotherplasticclampingsolutions,HCLhasbuiltupextensivesupplierrelationshipsandknowledgeofin-depthtechnicalinformation.Shouldyourequireanyinformationoutsideofthescopeofthisbooklet,pleasecontactHCLdirectly.
Smart® Products for Offshore & General use
1] Smart Product Guide
1.1]Smart®ProductOptions
1.2]PolymerChoice
Technical
2] Dimensions and Weights
2.1]Smart®TieDimensionsandWeights
2.2]Smart®BandDimensionsandWeights
Installation
3] Design Guidelines
3.1]RecessDimensions
3.2]Generalpointsfordesignconsideration
4] Fitting Tools
4.1]ManualInstallationToolTensions
4.2]PneumaticInstallationToolTensions
Performance
5] Tensile Strength
5.1]StraightBandTensiletests–Introduction
5.2]StraightBandTensileTests
5.3]SystemTensiletests–Introduction
5.4]Smart®TieSystemTensiletests
5.5]Smart®BandSystemTensileTests–StandardBuckle
5.6]Smart®BandSystemTensileTests–HybridBuckle
6] Effects of Moisture on Tensile Strength
6.1]Post8-monthFreshWaterImmersionSmart®BandStraightBandTensileTests
6.2]Post8-monthFreshWaterImmersionSmart®BandHybridSystemTensileTests
7] Creep and Stress Relaxation
7.1]StressRelaxation
8] Impact Strength
8.1]Smart®BandImpactStrength
9] Piggyback Pipe Lay
9.1]Smart®BandPiggybackPerformance
10] Half Shell Minimum Bending Radius
11] Hydrostatic Compression
11.1]HydrostaticCompressionTestSimulation
12] Abrasion and Marine Growth
12.1]AbrasionComparison
12.2]MarineGrowth
Material
13] Temperature Resistance and Flammability
14] Material Properties
14.1]PolymerMaterialProperties
14.2]GlassFibreYarn–Ø1mmMaterialProperties
15] Offshore/Subsea Environments
15.1]ChemicalResistanceandAgeing
16] Chemical Resistance 16.1]GeneralChemicalResistance
17] Weathering
Quality
18] Quality
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1 Smart® Product Guide1.1] Smart® Products Options
The following table provides a simple overview of available Smart products, their size and material variations. Fitting tools that compliment each product are listed for reference.
Banding Product
Size Options
Band Dimensions Material Options Product StrengthFitting Tool
OptionsNominal Length
Width Thickness Buckle Band N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie
20mm (¾”)
450mm 600mm 750mm
20mm (0.79”)
3.6mm (0.14”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 5030 513 1128SM-FT-1000-20ST SM-FT-2000-19
SM-FT-3000-20ST
PA12 (Nylon 12) 4061 414 911
PA11 (Nylon 11) 3920 400 879
PPS 5039 514 1130
32mm (1¼”)
550mm 850mm
32mm (1.26”)
4.6mm (0.18”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) TBC TBC TBC
SM-FT-1000-32ST SM-FT-2000-32
SM-FT-3000-32ST
PA12 (Nylon 12) TBC TBC TBC
PA11 (Nylon 11) TBC TBC TBC
PPS TBC TBC TBC
PEEK TBC TBC TBC
Smart® Band Standard
7mm (¼”)
30m (100’) 250mm (820’)
6.9mm (0.27”)
2.6mm (0.10”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 880 90 197 SM-TA-528A
10mm (3⁄8”)
30m (100’) 125mm (410’)
9.8mm (0.39”)
3.6mm (0.14”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 2590 264 581 SM-TA-528A
19mm (¾”)
30m (100’) 60mm (200’)
19.2mm (0.76”)
3.6mm (0.14”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 4310 439 967 SM-FT-1000-19 SM-FT-2000-19PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM (Acetal) 4100 418 919
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”)
30m (100’) 60mm (200’)
19.2mm (0.76”)
3.6mm (0.14”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 13430 1369 3012SM-FT-1000-19 SM-FT-2000-19 SM-FT-3000-19
POM (Acetal) 9980 1017 2238
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 13667 1393 3065
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 12450 1269 2792
32mm (1¼”)
30m (100’)32.2mm (1.27”)
4.7mm (0.19”)
POM (Acetal) 17200 1753 3857 SM-FT-1000-32 SM-FT-2000-32 SM-FT-3000-32
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 24260 2473 5441
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 25010 2549 5609*Refer to the Smart Products Technical booklets for detailed product performance information
1.2] Polymer Choice
The following table gives a general comparison that helps to determine which polymer should be used.
The scoring from 1 to 10 gives a general indication of comparative performance between the most suitable and lease suitable, 10 being the best result.
Characteristic Units PA66 POM PA12 PA11 PPS PEEKDetailed
Section No
Recommended for Subsea use 3 Short Term1 3 3 3 3
High Temp23
High Temp215
Maximum Continuous Temperature1
°C (°F)
125(257)
95 (203)
100 (212)
105(221)
175(347)
250(482)
13
Flammability UL94 V-2 HB HB V-2 V-0 V-0 13
General Chemical ResistanceScale 1-10
3 3 5 5 9 10 16
General Weathering &UV Resistance
Years 1-10
7 4 10 10 6 4 17
ToughnessScale 1-10
8 5 9 10 7 7 14
Densityg/cm3
(oz/inch3)1.14
(0.66)1.41
(0.82)1.01
(0.58)1.03
(0.60)1.25
(0.72)1.30
(0.75)14
Cost(Low to High)
Scale 1-10
2 2 3 4 6 10 N/A
1 Stated temperatures are based on the tensile half-life, e.g. elongation, of the material measured in a controlled environment. Other factors, e.g. the presence of chemicals, may significantly reduce this value
2 Recommended for high temperature subsea applications
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2 Dimensions and Weights2.1] Smart® Tie Dimensions and Weights
2.1.1] Dimensions Table
SizeNominal
Length (mm)Maximum Length (A) Band Width (B) Band Thickness (C) Head Width (D) Head Height (E)
mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch
20mm (¾”)450 470.0 18.50
20.0 0.79 3.6 0.14 35.0 1.38 12.0 0.47600 620.0 24.41750 770.0 30.31
32mm (1¼”)550 573.0 22.56
32.0 1.26 4.6 0.18 50.0 1.97 20.0 0.79850 873.0 34.37
B D
C
A
E
2.1.2] Weight and Density Table
SizeNominal
Length (mm)Material
Weight Density/Averageg oz g/cm3 oz/inch3
20mm (¾”)
450
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 39.5 1.39 1.15 0.66PA12 (Nylon 12) 34.6 1.22 1.04 0.60PA11 (Nylon 11) 34.6 1.22 1.04 0.60
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 43.1 1.52 1.26 0.73PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 44.5 1.57 1.31 0.76
600
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 49.2 1.74 1.15 0.66PA12 (Nylon 12) 43.1 1.52 1.04 0.60PA11 (Nylon 11) 43.1 1.52 1.04 0.60
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 53.7 1.90 1.26 0.73PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 55.5 1.96 1.31 0.76
750
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 59.7 2.11 1.15 0.66PA12 (Nylon 12) 52.3 1.85 1.04 0.60PA11 (Nylon 11) 52.3 1.85 1.04 0.60
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 65.1 2.30 1.26 0.73PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 67.3 2.38 1.31 0.76
32mm (1¼”)
550
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 96.1 3.39 1.15 0.66PA12 (Nylon 12) 86.9 3.07 1.04 0.60PA11 (Nylon 11) 86.9 3.07 1.04 0.60
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 105.3 3.72 1.26 0.73PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 109.5 3.87 1.31 0.76
850
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 139.9 4.94 1.15 0.66PA12 (Nylon 12) 126.5 4.47 1.04 0.60PA11 (Nylon 11) 126.5 4.47 1.04 0.60
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 153.3 5.41 1.26 0.73PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 159.4 5.63 1.31 0.76
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2 Dimensions and Weights2.2] Smart® Band Dimensions and Weights
2.2.1] Band Dimensions
SizeMaximum Width (A) Maximum Thickness (B)
mm inch mm inch7mm (¼”) 6.9 0.27 2.6 0.1010mm (3⁄8”) 9.8 0.39 3.6 0.1419mm (¾”) 19.2 0.76 3.6 0.1432mm (1¼”) 32.2 1.27 4.7 0.19
B
A
2.2.2] Band Weight and Density Table
Size Material No of Glass CordsWeight/Length Density Average
g/m oz/ft g/cm3 oz/inch3
7mm (¼”)PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
0 14 0.15 1.14 0.6610mm (3⁄8”) 2 30 0.32 1.15 0.66
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
11
70 0.75 1.23 0.71POM (Acetal) 84 0.90 1.48 0.86
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 71 0.77 1.25 0.72PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 72 0.77 1.26 0.73
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal)
21164 1.76 1.33 0.77
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 149 1.61 1.20 0.69PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 151 1.62 1.21 0.70
2.2.3] Standard Buckle Dimensions
SizeMaximum Height (A) Maximum Length (B) Maximum Width (C)
mm inch mm inch mm inch7mm (¼”) 19.2 0.76 76.0 2.99 15.1 0.5910mm (3⁄8”) 21.5 0.85 77.2 3.04 22.9 0.9019mm (¾”) 28.3 1.11 63.8 2.51 30.2 1.19
CA
B
2.2.4] Standard Buckle Weight and Density Table
Size MaterialWeight Density Average
g oz g/cm3 oz/inch3
7mm (¼”)PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
7 0.24 1.14 0.6610mm (3⁄8”) 12 0.41 1.14 0.6619mm (¾”) 24 0.86 1.14 0.66
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2 Dimensions and Weights2.2] Smart® Band Dimensions and Weights
D
A
C
B
2.2.5] Hybrid Buckle Dimensions
SizeMaximum Height (A) Radius (B) Maximum Length (C) Maximum Width (D)mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch
19mm (¾”) 12.8 0.50 200 7.87 99.0 3.90 53.0 2.0932mm (1¼”) 16.8 0.66 300 11.81 135.5 5.33 76.8 3.02
2.2.6] Hybrid Buckle Weight and Density Table
Size MaterialWeight Density Average
g oz g/cm3 oz/inch3
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 36 1.27 1.20 0.70POM (Acetal) 41 1.45 1.37 0.79
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 39 1.38 1.30 0.75PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 39 1.38 1.30 0.75
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) 101 3.57 1.36 0.78PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 95 3.35 1.28 0.74PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 96 3.39 1.29 0.75
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3 Design Guidelines3.1] Recess Dimensions
The following design guidelines for applications utilising Smart® Tie or Smart® Band will ensure maximum performance of the banding product. The underside of the buckles are curved, so it is recommended that the radius on the application is designed to match the radius on the buckle whenever possible. For environments prone to abrasion or impact, it is recommended that the Smart® Band is recessed into the application, in order to give the product greater protection. Certain applications, particularly smaller diameters, may require a special area to be created for the buckle, as shown below.
FA/B
D
EH
C
G
A-A
A
A
3.1.1] Buckle Recess Dimensions
Product Size
Recommended Buckle Radius (A)
Minimum Buckle Radius (B)
Minimum Recess Depth (C)
Minimum Recess Length (D)
Minimum Recess Width (E)
mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch
Smart® Tie20mm (¾”) 100 3.94 30 1.18 13 0.51 80 3.15 39 1.54
32mm (1¼”) 100 3.94 30 1.18 20 0.78 100 3.94 55 2.17
Smart® Band Standard
7mm (¼”) 300 11.81 50 1.97 21 0.83 86 3.39 19 0.75
10mm (3⁄8”) 300 11.81 38 1.48 23 0.91 88 3.46 27 1.06
19mm (¾”) 100 3.94 38 1.48 30 1.18 75 2.95 34 1.34
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”) 200 7.87 100 3.94 14 0.55 110 4.33 57 2.24
32mm (1¼”) 300 11.81 200 7.87 18 0.71 145 5.71 81 3.19
3.1.2] Band Recess Dimensions
Product Size
Minimum Band Radius (F)
Minimum Recess Depth (G)
Minimum Recess Width (H)
mm inch mm inch mm inch
Smart® Tie20mm (¾”)
10 0.39
5 0.20 22 0.87
32mm (1¼”) 6 0.24 36 1.42
Smart® Band
7mm (¼”) 4 0.16 9 0.35
10mm (3⁄8”) 5 0.20 12 0.47
19mm (¾”) 5 0.20 22 0.87
32mm (1¼”) 6 0.24 36 1.42
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3 Design Guidelines3.2] General points for design consideration are as follows:
1. Ideally, the Smart® Band or Smart® Tie buckle should be positioned on a radius; please see the opposite page for recommendations. If the buckle must be positioned on a diameter smaller than is recommended, then the banding product may require installation at a reduced tension and the system strength should be expected to be lower than the published values.
2. If it is not possible for the buckle to be positioned on a suitable radius, then the buckle should be positioned on a flat surface. If positioning the buckle on a flat surface, avoid sharp corners near to the buckle (see bottom of this page); it may also be necessary to reduce the installation tension, and the system strength should be expected to be lower than the published values.
3. Where possible, avoid suspending the buckle in mid-air. If this is unavoidable, then the banding product may require installation at a reduced tension and the system strength should be expected to be lower than the published values.
1
3
2
– Where possible, avoid having a sharp band radius near to the end of the buckle. If this is necessary, e.g. on a smaller diameter application, then the recess length for the buckle (dimension ‘D’ on the opposite page) should be increased in order to move the sharp band radius away from the buckle. If this is unavoidable, then the banding product may require installation at a reduced tension and the system strength should be expected to be lower than the published values.
✓✗
>15mm
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4 Fitting ToolsSmart® Tie tests conducted on 200mm diameter half-shells Smart® Band 7mm (¼”) and 10mm (3⁄8”) tests conducted on 600mm diameter half-shells Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) tests conducted on 400mm diameter half-shells Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) tests conducted on 600mm diameter half-shells
F*
F*
F/2F/2
*F= System Force or Global Strap Tension
4.1] Manual Installation Tool Tensions
4.1.1] SM-TA-528A
Smart® Band Standard, 7-10mm width – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-TA-528ADIMENSIONS 215x130x30mmWEIGHT 0.43kgBOX QUANTITY 1This lightweight ergonomic tool is designed for single-handed operation, both tightening and cutting the 7mm (¼”) and 10mm (3⁄8”) Smart® Band sizes.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Band Standard
7mm (¾”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 400 41 90 200 20 4510mm (3⁄8”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 1800 184 405 750 77 169
4.1.2] SM-FT-2000-19
Smart® Band 19mm & Smart® Tie 20mm – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-FT-2000-19DIMENSIONS 370x285x55mmWEIGHT 0.75kgBOX QUANTITY 1Incorporating both tensioning and cutting mechanisms; this tool is fully corrosion resistant, lightweight, ergonomic and easy to use, ensuring that the 19mm (¾”) Smart® Band and the 20mm (¾”) Smart® Tie can be fitted quickly and efficiently.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 3000 306 674 1800 184 405PA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) 3000 306 674 1800 184 405PA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) 3000 306 674 1800 184 405
PPS PPS 2200 224 495 1000 102 225
Smart® Band Standard
19mm (¾”)PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 4000 408 899 1200 122 270PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM (Acetal) 3600 367 809 1200 122 270
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 4500 459 1012 2000 204 450POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 4500 459 1012 2000 204 450
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12Glass-filled) 4500 459 1012 2000 204 450PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 4500 459 1012 2000 204 450
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4 Fitting Tools4.1] Manual Installation Tool Tensions
4.1.3] SM-FT-2000-32
Smart® Band 32mm & Smart® Tie 32mm – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-FT-2000-32DIMENSIONS TBCWEIGHT TBCBOX QUANTITY 1Incorporating both tensioning and cutting mechanisms; this tool is fully corrosion resistant, lightweight, ergonomic and easy to use, ensuring that the 32mm (1¼”) Smart® Band and the 32mm (1¼”) Smart® Tie can be fitted quickly and efficiently.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie 32mm (1¼”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
PPS PPS TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPEEK PEEK TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
Smart® Band Hybrid
32mm (1¼”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPOM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12Glass-filled) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
4.1.4] SM-FT-1000 with Torque Wrench
Smart® Band or Smart® Tie – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-FT-1000-19, SM-FT-1000-20ST, SM-FT-1000-32 or SM-FT-3000-32STDIMENSIONS 410x255x135mmWEIGHT 2.75kgBOX QUANTITY 1Depending on setup, this fully corrosion resistant manual tool can accurately tension the 19mm (¾”) Smart® Band, 20mm (¾”) Smart® Tie, 32mm (1¼”) Smart® Band or 32mm (1¼”) Smart® Tie (with the use of a torque wrench), as well as trim the excess band following tightening.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie
20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 3300 337 742 2000 204 450PA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) 2800 286 629 1400 143 315PA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) 2800 286 629 1400 143 315
PPS PPS 2400 245 540 1000 102 225
32mm (1¼”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
PPS PPS TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPEEK PEEK TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
Smart® Band Standard
19mm (¾”)PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 3500 357 787 1200 122 270PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM (Acetal) 3500 357 787 1200 122 270
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 6500 663 1461 3500 357 787
POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 6000 612 1349 2500 255 562
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12Glass-filled) 7000 714 1574 3500 357 787
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 7000 714 1574 3500 357 787
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 10000 1020 2248 6000 612 1349
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 14000 1428 3147 7000 714 1574
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 14000 1428 3147 7000 714 1574
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4 Fitting Tools4.2] Pneumatic Installation Tool Tensions
4.2.1] SM-FT-3000-19 or 20ST
Smart® Band 19mm or Smart® Tie 20mm – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-FT-3000-19 or SM-FT-3000-20STDIMENSIONS 530x240x130mmWEIGHT 6.40kgBOX QUANTITY 1HCL’s premium pneumatic tool is capable of fitting a Smart® Band or Smart® Tie strap in four-seconds flat, competing favourably with traditional titanium or nickel alloy systems.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 3800 388 854 1800 184 405PA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) 3000 306 674 1400 143 315PA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) 3000 306 674 1400 143 315
PPS PPS 3000 306 674 1400 143 315
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 6000 612 1349 3500 357 787POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 6000 612 1349 3500 357 787
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12Glass-filled) 7500 765 1686 5000 510 1124PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 7500 765 1686 5000 510 1124
Final Retention Force may be slightly lower on very small diameters. Final Retention Force will be significantly higher on very large diameters.
4.2.2] SM-FT-3000-32 or 32ST
Smart® Band 32mm or Smart® Tie 32mm – Tensioning & Cutting Tool
PART NUMBER SM-FT-3000-32 or SM-FT-3000-32STDIMENSIONS 600x255x130mmWEIGHT 7.50kgBOX QUANTITY 1HCL’s premium pneumatic tool is capable of fitting a Smart® Band strap in four-seconds flat, competing favourably with traditional titanium or nickel alloy systems, but with many other benefits including cost and retention.
Product Size Buckle Material Band MaterialMaximum System Force
(During Tightening)Minimum Retention Force
(After Tightening)N kgf lbf N kgf lbf
Smart® Tie 32mm (1¼”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA12 (Nylon 12) PA12 (Nylon 12) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPA11 (Nylon 11) PA11 (Nylon 11) TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
PPS PPS TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBCPEEK PEEK TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC
Smart® Band Hybrid
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 12500 1275 2810 8000 816 1798PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 16500 1683 3709 9000 918 2023PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 16500 1683 3709 9000 918 2023
Final Retention Force may be slightly lower on very small diameters. Final Retention Force will be significantly higher on very large diameters.
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5 Tensile Strength
10
5.1] Straight Band Tensile tests - Introduction
Test pre-load: 200N Test Speed: 5mm/min Specimen Length: 200mm (7.9”) Specimen Condition: 23°C at 50% RH
5.1.1] Effective Smart® Band Band Dimensions (ignoring teeth)
SizeWidth Thickness
mm inch mm inch
7mm (¼”) 6.9 0.27 1.6 0.06
10mm (3⁄8”) 9.8 0.39 2.4 0.09
19mm (¾”) 19.2 0.76 2.4 0.09
32mm (1¼”) 32.2 1.27 3.1 0.12
5.1.2] Smart® Band Straight Band Test Overview
Banding Product Band Size Band MaterialBreak Strength Break Strain
N kgf lbf %
Smart® Band
7mm (¼”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 400 41 90 163.5
10mm (3⁄8”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 2020 206 454 3.5
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 9890 1009 2223 4.4
POM (Acetal) 8880 906 1996 5.3
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 13063 1332 2937 4.7
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 11470 1170 2578 4.7
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) 18650 1902 4193 6.4
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 24891 2539 5595 6.1
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 20730 2114 4660 6.1
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5 Tensile Strength
11
5.2] Straight Band Tensile Tests
5.2.1] Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”) Straight Band Test
Line No Band Size Band MaterialTensile Strength Strain
N kgf lbf %
1
20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 24201 2471 5441 121.31
2 PA12 (Nylon 12) 19492 1992 4382 20.42
3 PA11 (Nylon 11) 16412 1672 3692 21.22
4 PPS 24181 2471 5441 14.71
1 Tensile strength and strain recorded at Break2 Tensile strength and strain recorded at Yield
0 50 100 1500
1000
2000
3000
Strain (%)
Forc
e (N
)
1
32
4
5.2.2] Smart® Band 7mm (¼”) & 10mm (3⁄8”) Straight Band Test
Line No Band Size Band MaterialBreak Strength Break Strain
N kgf lbf %
1 7mm (¼”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 400 41 90 163.5
2 10mm (3⁄8”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 2020 206 454 3.5
0 50 100 1500
1500
1000
500
2000
2500
Strain (%)
Forc
e (N
)
1
2
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5 Tensile Strength
12
5.2] Straight Band Tensile Tests
5.2.3] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Straight Band Test
Line No Band Size Band MaterialBreak Strength Break Strain
N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 9890 1009 2223 4.4
2 PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 13063 1332 2937 4.7
3 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 11470 1170 2578 4.7
4 POM (Acetal) 8880 906 1996 5.3
0 2 4 60
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
12000
14000
Strain (%)
Forc
e (N
)
1
3
4
2
5.2.4] Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) Straight Band Test
Line No Band Size Band MaterialBreak Strength Break Strain
N kgf lbf %
1
32mm (1¼”)
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 24891 2539 5595 6.7
2 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 20730 2114 4660 6.1
3 POM (Acetal) 18650 1902 4193 6.4
0 2 4 860
15000
10000
5000
20000
30000
25000
Strain (%)
Forc
e (N
)
2
3
1
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5 Tensile Strength
13
5.3] System Tensile tests - Introduction
System tensile testing of Smart® Tie and Smart® Band is carried out in controlled conditions. A bespoke fixture comprising of two half shells is mounted onto a tensile test machine. The Smart® Tie and Smart® Band Products are fitted to the fixture and are tested and monitored to ascertain the tensile strength of the system. Stress/strain graphs are plotted.
Test Fixture: 2x Steel half-shells Test pre-load: 200N Test Speed: 5mm/min (10mm/min Effective circumferential speed) Specimen Length: As per ‘System Test Diameter and Circumference Table’ below Specimen Condition: 23°C at 50% RH
F*
F*
F/2F/2
*F= System Force or Global Strap Tension
5.3.1] System Test Diameter and Circumference Table
Test Test Circumference
mm inch mm inch
100 3.9 330 13.0
200 7.9 650 25.6
280 11.0 910 35.8
400 15.7 1300 51.2
600 23.6 1950 76.8
800 31.5 2600 102.4
5.3.2] General Notes
The Elastic Modulus (gradient of the curve) increases with the diameter. This is because the recorded strain includes the flexing of the Smart® Band buckle, which is proportionately higher for decreasing diameters.
Results shown are for test specimens at 23°C and 50% Relative Humidity. PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) specimens at a higher humidity would be expected to be less stiff (lower Elastic Modulus), have a lower strength and a higher strain; conversely, PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) specimens at a lower humidity would be expected to be stiffer (higher Elastic Modulus), have a higher strength and a lower strain.
5.3.3] Smart® Band System Tensile Test Overview
Banding Product
Size Buckle Material Band Material
Test Diameter1
Break StrengthCircumferential
Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
Smart® Band Standard
7mm (¼”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 100 880 90 198 65.9
10mm (3⁄8”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 600 2590 264 582 1.7
19mm (¾”)PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 600 4310 440 969 0.9
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM (Acetal) 600 4100 418 922 1.5
Smart® Band Hybrid
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 600 13430 1370 3019 2.0
POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 600 9980 1018 2244 2.3
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 600 13667 1394 3072 1.5
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 600 12450 1270 2799 1.8
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) POM (Acetal) 600 17200 1754 3867 2.5
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 600 24260 2475 5454 1.7
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 600 25010 2551 5622 2.3
1 Test diameter quoted, which yielded the highest break strength
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5 Tensile Strength
14
5.4] Smart® Tie System Tensile tests
5.4.1] Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”) System Tensile tests
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Yield Strength
Circumferential Yield Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)100 5250 536 1180 18.0
2 200 5030 513 1131 18.7
3PA12 (Nylon 12)
100 4273 436 959 9.7
4 200 4061 414 911 7.8
5PA11 (Nylon 11)
100 3920 400 881 14.8
6 200 4040 412 908 14.2
7PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide)
100 5302 541 1192 8.3
8 200 5039 514 1133 10.2
0 20 60 80 100400
2000
4000
6000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1 2
5
6
8
7
4
3
Note: Curves offset along x-axis in 5% intervals for clarity
5.4.2] Smart® Tie 32mm (1¼”) System Tensile tests
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Yield Strength
Circumferential Yield Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
32mm (1¼”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)100 TBC TBC TBC TBC
2 200 TBC TBC TBC TBC
3PA12 (Nylon 12)
100 TBC TBC TBC TBC
4 200 TBC TBC TBC TBC
5PA11 (Nylon 11)
100 TBC TBC TBC TBC
6 200 TBC TBC TBC TBC
7PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide)
100 TBC TBC TBC TBC
8 200 TBC TBC TBC TBC
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5 Tensile Strength
15
5.5] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Standard Buckle
5.5.1] Smart® Band 7mm Standard – PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
7mm (¼”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
100 880 90 198 65.9
2 200 860 88 193 59.0
3 280 820 84 184 51.4
4 400 820 84 184 57.6
0 20 60400
200
600
800
400
1000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
34
5.5.2] Smart® Band 10mm (3⁄8”) Standard System Test – PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
10mm (3⁄8”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
100 1761 180 396 3.3
2 200 2140 218 481 2.1
3 280 2140 218 481 1.8
4 400 2300 235 517 1.7
5 600 2590 264 582 1.7
6 800 2540 259 571 1.6
0 1 3 420
1000
3000
2000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
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5 Tensile Strength
16
5.5] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Standard Buckle
5.5.3] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Standard System Test – PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
Line No Band Size Buckle Material Band MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
100 3400 347 764 3.6
2 200 3830 391 861 1.7
3 280 3590 366 807 1.2
4 400 4170 425 937 1.2
5 600 4310 440 969 0.9
6 800 3590 366 807 0.8
0 1 3 420
1000
3000
4000
5000
2000Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.5.4] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Standard System Test – POM (Acetal)
Line No Band Size Buckle Material Band MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM (Acetal)
100 3380 345 760 4.0
2 200 3340 341 751 2.2
3 280 3750 383 843 1.7
4 400 3810 389 856 1.7
5 600 4100 418 922 1.5
6 800 3750 383 843 1.5
0 1 3 420
1000
3000
4000
5000
2000Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
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5 Tensile Strength
17
5.6] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Hybrid Buckle
5.6.1] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Hybrid System Test – PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)
200 11910 1215 2677 3.7
2 280 13190 1345 2965 2.7
3 400 11600 1183 2608 2.2
4 600 12720 1297 2859 2.0
5 800 11460 1169 2576 1.7Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 1 3 420
5000
15000
10000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
5.6.2] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Hybrid System Test – POM (Acetal)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) POM (Acetal)
200 9490 968 2133 4.0
2 280 9110 929 2048 2.6
3 400 9030 921 2030 2.4
4 600 9980 1018 2244 2.3
5 800 11010 1123 2475 2.1Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 1 3 420
8000
6000
4000
2000
10000
12000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
34
5
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5 Tensile Strength
18
5.6] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Hybrid Buckle
5.6.3] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Hybrid System Test – PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled)
200 12530 1278 2817 2.8
2 280 12990 1325 2920 2.0
3 400 12470 1272 2803 1.7
4 600 12950 1321 2911 1.5
5 800 12760 1302 2868 1.5Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 1 320
5000
15000
10000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
5.6.4] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Hybrid System Test – PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
19mm (¾”) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
200 10670 1088 2399 3.4
2 280 10610 1082 2385 2.3
3 400 11230 1145 2525 2.0
4 600 11790 1203 2650 1.8
5 800 11380 1161 2558 1.7Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 1 3 420
8000
6000
4000
2000
14000
10000
12000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
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5 Tensile Strength
19
5.6] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Hybrid Buckle
5.6.5] Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) Hybrid System Test – POM (Acetal)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
32mm (1¼”) POM (Acetal)
200 15180 1548 3412 6.5
2 280 16500 1683 3709 4.2
3 400 16090 1641 3617 3.1
4 600 17200 1754 3867 2.5
5 800 17380 1773 3907 2.4Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 2 6 840
20000
15000
10000
5000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
5.6.6] Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) Hybrid System Test – PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
32mm (1¼”) PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled)
200 20860 2128 4689 5.9
2 280 22580 2303 5076 3.2
3 400 23000 2346 5170 2.3
4 600 22980 2344 5166 1.7
5 800 22650 2310 5092 1.5Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 2 6 840
20000
15000
10000
5000
25000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
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5 Tensile Strength
20
5.6] Smart® Band System Tensile Tests – Hybrid Buckle
5.6.7] Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) Hybrid System Test – PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
Line No Band Size MaterialTest Diameter System Break Strength
Circumferential Break Strain
mm N kgf lbf %
1
32mm (1¼”) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
200 18270 1864 4107 7.0
2 280 20540 2095 4617 4.2
3 400 20380 2079 4581 2.9
4 600 23690 2416 5326 2.3
5 800 23600 2407 5305 2.3Note: Strength is measured using Dry As Moulded components. Values will vary as the product conditions.
0 2 6 840
20000
15000
10000
5000
25000
Forc
e (N
)
Strain (%)
1
2
3
4
5
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6 Effects of Moisture on Tensile StrengthIt is generally considered that hygroscopic saturation occurs within 6 months of water submersion. Smart® Band 32mm samples were immersed in fresh water for 8 months and then tested to determine the effects of moisture absorption on Tensile strength.
6.1] Post 8-month Fresh Water Immersion Smart® Band Straight Band Tensile Tests
Line No Band Size Band Material Test DescriptionBreak Strength
N kgf lbf
132mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) Straight Band 16700 1702 3745
2 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) Straight Band 20720 2112 4647
0 10 20 300
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
Extension (mm)
Load
(N)
2
1
6.2] Post 8-month Fresh Water Immersion Smart® Band Hybrid System Tensile Tests
Line No Band Size Band Material Test DescriptionBreak Strength
N kgf lbf
132mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) System 300mm (11.8inch) Radius 16540 1686 3709
2 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) System 300mm (11.8inch) Radius 20150 2054 4519
0 10 20 300
4000
8000
12000
16000
20000
24000
Extension (mm)
Load
(N)
2
1
21
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7 Creep and Stress RelaxationThe phenomenon known as creep describes how materials strain (stretch/compress) when subjected to a constant stress (tensile/compressive force). Stress Relaxation, which views the same phenomena from a different stand point, describes how materials relieve stress when subjected to a constant strain. In simple terms:
Creep: The test specimen is held at a constant force and the deformation (increase/decrease in length) is measured over time.
Stress Relaxation: The test specimen is held in a constant position and the change in force (increase/decrease) is measured over time.
Smart® Band is made from a combination of engineering polymers, which possess strong creep resistant characteristics, in combination with glass fibre yarn to reduce the effects of creep to a minimum.
The chemical composition of PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) gives good creep resistant properties, as summed up by Arkema in their technical book “RILSAN® Polyamide 11 in oil and gas, page 6”
“The excellent properties of polyamides and in particular polyamide 11 are a result of the amide linkages in the chain which allow a strong interaction between the chains by hydrogen bonds. Low creep, high abrasion resistance, good resistance to fatigue and high
barrier properties are a direct result of these strong inter-chain interactions.”
7.1] Stress Relaxation
This section concentrates on Stress Relaxation, which is generally more relevant in strapping applications. All tests were carried out at 18–20°C.
7.1.1] Stress Relaxation over time for Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”) and Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) systems
Line No Product Band Size Band & Buckle MaterialStarting System
ForceTension after 1 Year Approx
Tension after 5 Years Approx
Tension after 25 Years Approx
N N N N
1
Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 2,000 700 600 450
2 PA11 (Nylon 11) 1,400 350 250 175
3 PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 1,000 750 725 700
4
Smart® Band
19mm (¾”)
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 5,000 4000 3900 3800
5 POM (Acetal) 5,000 3100 2800 2600
6 PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 5,000 3300 3100 2900
7 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 5,000 3300 3100 2900
8
32mm (1¼”)
POM (Acetal) 10,000 6000 5500 4800
9 PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 10,000 6600 5900 5400
10 PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 10,000 6600 5900 5400
7.1.2] Smart® Tie 20mm (¾”) System 7.1.3] Smart® Band 19mm (¾”) Hybrid System
0 100 1000 10000 100000 1exp6 1exp7 1exp8 1exp90
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Log Time (s)
Forc
e (N
)
1 ye
ar
50 y
ears
5 ye
ars
10 y
ears
25 y
ears
3
12
0 100 1000 10000 100000 1exp6 1exp7 1exp8 1exp9
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Log Time (s)
Forc
e (N
)
1 ye
ar
50 y
ears
5 ye
ars
10 y
ears
25 y
ears
5
6
4
7
7.1.4] Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) Hybrid System
0 100 1000 10000 100000 1exp6 1exp7 1exp8 1exp90
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Log Time (s)
Forc
e (N
)
1 ye
ar
50 y
ears
5 ye
ars
10 y
ears
25 y
ears
9
8
10
*Due to the hygroscopic nature of PA66 (Nylon 6.6.), the retention force would be less than shown if immersed in water.
22
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8 Impact StrengthImpact strength is of particular interest in the use of HCL Smart® products. Whether it is a downhole, subsea or a topside application there is often a chance that Smart® products will encounter considerable impact at times.
The following data is derived from various tests involving dropping a known weight from a known height.
The standard energy equation – Energy (Joules) = MGH is applied where: M = Mass Kg G = Gravity 9.81 m/s2 H = Height m
8.1] Smart® Band Impact Strength
The weight is adjusted accordingly to set the correct impact energy but the bottom impact area of the weight is always 100mm (4 inches) in diameter.
Size/Component Material Maximum Impact Energy Without Loss of Integrity or Tension J
19mm (¾”) BandPA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled)
5000+*
19mm (¾”) Buckle 5000+*
19mm (¾”) BandPA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
5000+*
19mm (¾”) Buckle 5000+*
32mm (1¼”) BandPA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled)
5000+*
32mm (1¼”) Buckle 5000+*
*The material maintained integrity after impacts of maximum possible energy from apparatus used 176Kg x 9.81 m/s2 x 2.91m = 5000 Joules (2 sig fig).
23
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9 Piggyback Pipe Lay9.1] Smart® Band Piggyback Performance
The following tests were carried out to obtain a comparison in the performance between the Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) Hybrid system and 32mm (1¼”) Nickel Alloy 625 when used in a Piggyback Pipe Lay application. During the tests a Piggyback saddle arrangement was loaded with radial, axial and lateral forces. For axial and lateral loading, the movement of the saddle was measured relative to the carrier pipe; for radial loading, the system break strength was recorded.
Radial Load
Axial LoadLateral Load
9.1.1] Tool Tightening Forces
Pneumatic Tightening Tool TypeAir Pressure System Retention
MPa Bar psi N Kg lbs
32mm (1¼”) Smart® Band – Air ratchet W2301 0.4 4.0 58 8000 815 1794
32mm (1¼”) Steel strap – Signode PRHR-114 0.6 6.0 87 6200 632 1390
9.1.2] Test Results
32mm (1¼”) Smart® Band PA11GF Strap 32mm (1¼”) Nickel Alloy Strap
3 Straps 2 Straps 1 Strap 3 Straps 1 Strap
Loading Direction
Saddle TypePipe Diameters
Surface Movement1
Installation2 Operational3 Operational4 Installation2 Operational4
mm inch mm Loading kN Loading kN Loading kN Loading kN Loading kN
AxialPolypropylene 600 + 120 24 + 5 50 9.2 7.3 2.9 5.9 2.9
Rubber 600 + 120 24 + 5 50 15.4 13.5 8.4 17.0 8.2
LateralPolypropylene 600 + 120 24 + 5 50 4.1 3.4 1.8 4.1 1.6
Rubber 600 + 120 24 + 5 50 6.3 7.6 4.3 4.9 2.1
RadialPolypropylene 600 + 120 24 + 5 N/A 50+* 33.5 19.3 50+* 26.6 (22.1**)
Rubber 600 + 120 24 + 5 N/A 50+* 31.1 15.6 50+* 24/4 (20.1**)
1 Surface movement is the surface lateral movement of the saddle against the pipe 2 Installation Arrangement includes 2 x carbon steel straps and 1 x Smart® Band Strap or 1 x super nickel alloy strap 3 Operational Arrangement includes 2 x Smart® Band Strap or 2 x super nickel alloy strap 4 Operational Arrangement includes 1 x Smart® Band Strap or 1 x super nickel alloy strap **System yield, where lower than break strength *System survived maximum tensile force of 50kN
Conclusion
r Smart® Band 32mm (1¼”) PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) performed slightly better than the 32mm (1¼”) Nickel Alloy 625 under Lateral and Axial loading, due to the higher tightening force produced by the fitting tool.
r Nickel Alloy 625 performed slightly better under Radial loading, due to its system break strength being higher than that of Smart® Band.r The Rubber piggyback saddle performed better than the polypropylene piggyback saddle for Axial and Lateral loading, due to having a higher
coefficient of friction against the steel pipe.It should be noted that these tests were carried out on two particular arrangements as defined in the table above and that clients should carry out their own tests, as Piggyback arrangements vary from application to application.
24
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10 Half Shell Minimum Bending RadiusDue to a dynamic environment, umbilical’s and risers are often subjected to aggressive bending.The test MBR (Minimum Bend Radius) is usually a few metres but to ensure absolute compliance and to give a good safety factor, they are often subjected to a much tighter radii.Smart® Band has been well proven to stand an MBR of less than one metre for this type of application.
Photo courtesy of Lankhorst/Mouldings BV 19mm/¾” Smart® Band PA11GF clamped on a UraGUARD Half Shell Test Minimum Bend Radii: 0.68m Water depths: 600m to 1200m Final Installation Location: West Coast of Angola
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11 Hydrostatic CompressionIn deep water applications hydrostatic compression is a factor that needs to be taken into account when objects are clamped. Inapplications such as strake, cable/riser protection and buoyancy the high pressures in deep water have a crushing effect on thematerial causing the overall diameter to reduce. The strapping solution needs to be able to take up the reduction in diameter to givecontinual retention to the object being clamped.
Smart® Band is better suited to cope with Hydrostatic Compression when compared with traditional steel strapping solutionsbecause of its lower strap stiffness. Elongation is higher under tension than steel and so as compression takes place, band tensionreduces less than steel which will lose tension quickly as compression takes place.
11.1] Typical Hydrostatic Compression Test Simulation
The following graphs give an example using 32mm Smart® Band PA11GF around a 353mm diameter half shell arrangement. The two steel half shells have a polyethylene surface to simulate a polyethylene strake. The Smart® Band is tightened using a calibrated SM-FT-1000 torque shut-off tool. Over a period of 24 hours the diameter is reduced by 2.7mm to simulate the strake being lowered and experiencing hydrostatic compression. The system is then left for 10 days to determine any creep that might take place. On graph 3.8.1 log time has been extrapolated to give the estimated retention over many years. Note: The polyethylene surface is smoother than the steel surface and so friction does not have as much effect. The initial tension is therefore higher at around 10%.
1 2 4 10 30 100 1000 10000 100000 1e+6 1e+7 1e+8 1e+9 1e+100
5000
10000
15000
Log Time (s)
Syst
em F
orce
in N
1 ye
ar
50 y
ears
5 ye
ars
10 y
ears
25 y
ears
Steel Surface – Smart Band® PA11GF.Tightened with PS tool BFT-1171HDPE Surface – Smart Band® PA11GF.Tightened with PS tool BFT-1171HDPE Surface – Alloy 625.Tightened with Columbia STSR-32 @ 6.5bar
Note: Customer tests can be performed for individual applications
Graph 3.8.1 shows retention Force (N) against Log Time (s) Graph 3.8.2 shows retention Force (N) against Time (s)
0 100000 200000 300000 400000 5000000
5000
10000
15000
Time (s)
Syst
em F
orce
in N
Steel Surface – Smart Band® PA11GF.Tightened with PS tool BFT-1171HDPE Surface – Smart Band® PA11GF.Tightened with PS tool BFT-1171HDPE Surface – Alloy 625.Tightened with Columbia STSR-32 @ 6.5bar
26
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
12 Abrasion and Marine Growth12.1] Abrasion Comparison
Smart® Band has been widely used in offshore applications where abrasion is a factor.The banding has been proven to withstand abrasive conditions and shock from foreign debris that are often evident near the shore line.
Description Standard
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM
(Acetal)
PA12 (Nylon 12)
PA11 (Nylon 11)
PA11GF (Nylon 11
Glass-filled)
Dry As Moulded
Dry As Moulded
Dry As Moulded
Dry As Moulded
Mechanical Properties
Abrasion Resistance
The susceptibility to wear caused by abrasion. The figures shown are relative to Nylon 11, ‘2.8’ means 2.8 times more wear than Nylon 11.
NFT 46-102 2.8 10 1 1 2
12.2] Marine Growth
Smart® Band has been well proven in applications such as pile wrapping where marine growth is a common factor. The integrity of the buckle and band is not compromised by marine growth and the banding remains permanently tight in this aggressive environment.
The photo on the left shows Smart® Band 10mm (³⁄8”) in Nylon 6.6. fitted to a pier pile jacket on the southern coast of the United Kingdom. The second photo on the right shows the same pile after 5 years. Smart® Band is still performing well and is unaffected by the barnacle growth.
Photos courtesy of Winn & Coales (Denso) Ltd. Location: UK South Coast
The photo on the left shows Smart® Band 25mm Low Profile Buckle* system fitted to a pile jacket in Western Australia 2009. The second photo on the right shows the same pile after 5 years. Smart® Band is still tight and holding firm in spite of the significant barnacle growth and wave action over this time.*Please note that the 25mm Low profile buckle system has now been superseded by the next generation Smart® Band hybrid buckle system.
27
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
13 Temperature Resistance and FlammabilityThe following information gives maximum and minimum temperature recommendations for the base polymers used in the production of the Smart® product range. It should be noted that as temperatures increase, mechanical properties generally reduce.
It is important that full well tests are carried out to ensure suitability for applications especially where raised temperatures are an issue. There may also be other chemicals in the vicinity that can adversely affect the performance of the polymers especially at higher temperatures and should be considered when specifying Smart® products. In aggressive high temperature environments it is recommended to select either flexible PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) or PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) as the base polymer.
The data on flammability gives UL94 ratings for the different polymers. With the introduction of flexible PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) and PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) the Smart® product range now boasts VO rated flammability.
Description Standard Units
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) POM
(Acetal)
PA12 (Nylon 12)
PA11 (Nylon 11)
PPS (Polyphe-
nylene Sulphide)
PEEK (Poly Ether
Ether Ketone)
Dry As Moulded
Dry As Moulded
Dry As Moulded
Temperature Recommendations
Working Temperature
General guidelines on permissable application temperatures
Minimum °C°C
(°F)-30
(-22)-30
(-22)-40
(-40)-40
(-40)-60
(-76)
Maximum Continuous* °C
°C (°F)
125 (257)
95 (203)
100 (212)
105 (221)
175 (347)
250 (482)
Occasional Peaks °C°C
(°F)170
(338)130
(266)150
(302)130
(266)200
(392)310
(590)
Thermal Properties
Melting PointThe temperature at which the Polymer melts, i.e. turns from a solid to a liquid
ISO 11357°C
(°F)260
(500)178
(352)189
(372)280
(536)343
(649)
Heat Deflection Temperature A measure of short-term heat
resistance. A test specimen is loaded in a 3-point bending configuration, then heated until a specified deflection is reached
1.82 MPa ISO 75°C
(°F)70
(158)95
(203)45
(113)50
(122)103
(217)160
(320)
0.45 MPa ISO 75°C
(°F)200
(392)156
(313)115
(239)145
(293)/
Vicat Softening Temperature
The temperature at which a flat-ended needle penetrates a test specimen to a depth of 1mm under a specified load
50N ISO 306°C
(°F)236
(457)154
(309)160
(320)225
(437)/
10N ISO 306°C
(°F)255
(491)160
(320)166
(331)180
(356)270
(518)/
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
A measure of the change in size of an object as its temperature changes
2mm - Parallel, 23°C - 55°C
ISO 1135910-5 mm/mm/°C
1.1 10 1.2 8.5 8 4.95
2mm - Normal, 23°C - 55°C
ISO 1135910-5 mm/mm/°C
1.2 1.4 8.5 4.92
Flammability
Flame Resistance (0.75 - 3.0mm Thickness):
Flammability Ratings Defined: V-2 burning stops within 30 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of flaming particles allowed.V-0 burning stops within 10 seconds on a vertical specimen; drips of particles allowed as long as they are not enflamed.
UL 94 Class V-2 HB HB V-2 V-0 V-0
*Stated temperatures are based on the tensile half-life, e.g. elongation, of the material measured in a controlled environment. Other factors, e.g. the presence of chemicals, may significantly reduce this value
28
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
14 Material Properties14.1] Polymer Material Properties
Description Standard Units
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)POM
(Acetal)
PA12 (Nylon 12) PA11 (Nylon 11) PPS (Polyphenylene
Sulphide)
PEEK (Poly Ether Ether
Ketone)Dry As
MouldedConditioned
(50% RH)Dry As
MouldedConditioned
(50% RH)Conditioned
(50% RH)
Physical Properties
Density Mass per Volume, also known as ‘Specific Gravity’. The units g/cm3 = g/ml ISO 1183g/cm3
(oz/inch3)1.14
(0.66)1.41
(0.82)1.01
(0.58)1.03
(0.60)1.25
(0.72)1.30
(0.75)
Water Absorption at 23°C: The mass of water absorbed from the atmosphere as a % of the total mass:
24 hours at 50% RH - 24 hours after moulding. ISO 62 % 1.1 0.7 0.03 0.1
Equilibrium at 50% RH - When an equilibrium (constant quantity) is reached. ISO 62 % 2.4 <0.25 1.5 0.9 0.05 0.1
Saturation (in water) - The maximum mass of water that can potentially be absorbed. ISO 62 % 8.5 <0.25 1.6 1.9 0.05 0.25
Mechanical Properties
Tensile: Material properties exhibited whilst under tension. A test specimen is held at both ends and loaded so that the specimen is stretched under tension.
Modulus A measure of the stiffness of a material during elastic (non-permanent) deformation. Tensile Modulus = Tensile Stress / Tensile Strain
= (Force / Area) / (Increase in Length / Original Length)ISO 527 MPa 3000 1400 2550 1100 1450 1230 2300 4000
Strength at Yield The Stress (Force per Area) required to yield a test bar, i.e. to cause plastic (permanent) deformation
ISO 527 MPa 83 66 40 42 40 58 104
Strength at Break The Stress (Force per Area) required to break a test bar ISO 527 MPa 63 50 69 55 65-75
Elongation at Yield The % increase in length of a test bar at the Yield point, i.e. at the onset of plastic (permanent) deformation. Elongation = Strain x 100
ISO 527 % 4.5 25 12 6 8 7 5.0
Elongation at Break The % increase in length of a test bar at the break point, i.e. when the material fractures. Elongation = Strain x 100
ISO 527 % 25 105 60 >50 380 25 10-20
Flexural: Material properties exhibited whilst under flexure (bending). A test specimen is supported at both ends and a load applied at the mid-point of the specimen in order to cause 3-point bending.
Modulus A measure of the stiffness of a material during elastic (non-permanent) deformation. Flexural Modulus = Flexural Stress / Flexural Strain = {(3 x Force x Length) / (2 x Width x Height2)} /
{(6 x Deflection x Height) / (Length2)} = (Force x Length3) / (4 x Width x Height3 x Deflection)
ISO 178 MPa 2900 1350 2600 1100 1100 2300 3900
Strength Also known as ‘Modulus of Rupture’ or ‘Bend Strength’. The Stress required to break a test bar through 3-point bending.
ISO 178 MPa 86 22 88 75 134
Impact Resistance: The relative susceptability to fracture under stresses applied at high speeds.
Charpy at +23°C (73°F)
The energy required to fracture a sample held in a 3-point bending configuration.
ISO 179 kJ/m2 No break >100 No break No break No break
Charpy at -30°C (-22°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 >100
Charpy at -55°C (-67°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 No break No break 80 No break
Charpy notched at +23°C (73°F)The energy required to fracture a notched sample held in a 3-point bending configuration.
ISO 179 kJ/m2 6.6 7 10 15 5.5
Charpy notched at -30°C (-22°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 5.3 9 6 12 8
Charpy notched at -55°C (-67°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 4.9
Electrical Properties
Dielectric Strength (step-by-step) 3.2mm
The voltage required to produce dielectric breakdown of the material, i.e. the maximum voltage the material can insulate per unit thickness.
DIN IEC 60243 kV/mm 20 30 13 15.1
Volume Resistivity 3.2mm The resistance to the flow of electric current through the body of a material. DIN IEC 60093 x1011 ohm-m 400 10 10 650 3.8
Surface Resistivity 3.2mm The resistance to the flow of electric current along the surface of a material. DIN IEC 60093 x1012 ohm 100 3000 >1,9
Comparative Tracking Index 3.0mm The voltage which causes tracking after 50 drops of 0.1% ammonium chloride solution have fallen on the material. The results of testing at 3 mm thickness are considered representative of the material's performance in any thickness. Tracking is an electrical breakdown on the surface of an insulating material. A large voltage difference gradually creates a conductive leakage path across the surface of the material by forming a carbonized track.
DIN IEC 60112 V 400-599 125 150
29
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
14.1] Polymer Material Properties
Description Standard Units
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)POM
(Acetal)
PA12 (Nylon 12) PA11 (Nylon 11) PPS (Polyphenylene
Sulphide)
PEEK (Poly Ether Ether
Ketone)Dry As
MouldedConditioned
(50% RH)Dry As
MouldedConditioned
(50% RH)Conditioned
(50% RH)
Physical Properties
Density Mass per Volume, also known as ‘Specific Gravity’. The units g/cm3 = g/ml ISO 1183g/cm3
(oz/inch3)1.14
(0.66)1.41
(0.82)1.01
(0.58)1.03
(0.60)1.25
(0.72)1.30
(0.75)
Water Absorption at 23°C: The mass of water absorbed from the atmosphere as a % of the total mass:
24 hours at 50% RH - 24 hours after moulding. ISO 62 % 1.1 0.7 0.03 0.1
Equilibrium at 50% RH - When an equilibrium (constant quantity) is reached. ISO 62 % 2.4 <0.25 1.5 0.9 0.05 0.1
Saturation (in water) - The maximum mass of water that can potentially be absorbed. ISO 62 % 8.5 <0.25 1.6 1.9 0.05 0.25
Mechanical Properties
Tensile: Material properties exhibited whilst under tension. A test specimen is held at both ends and loaded so that the specimen is stretched under tension.
Modulus A measure of the stiffness of a material during elastic (non-permanent) deformation. Tensile Modulus = Tensile Stress / Tensile Strain
= (Force / Area) / (Increase in Length / Original Length)ISO 527 MPa 3000 1400 2550 1100 1450 1230 2300 4000
Strength at Yield The Stress (Force per Area) required to yield a test bar, i.e. to cause plastic (permanent) deformation
ISO 527 MPa 83 66 40 42 40 58 104
Strength at Break The Stress (Force per Area) required to break a test bar ISO 527 MPa 63 50 69 55 65-75
Elongation at Yield The % increase in length of a test bar at the Yield point, i.e. at the onset of plastic (permanent) deformation. Elongation = Strain x 100
ISO 527 % 4.5 25 12 6 8 7 5.0
Elongation at Break The % increase in length of a test bar at the break point, i.e. when the material fractures. Elongation = Strain x 100
ISO 527 % 25 105 60 >50 380 25 10-20
Flexural: Material properties exhibited whilst under flexure (bending). A test specimen is supported at both ends and a load applied at the mid-point of the specimen in order to cause 3-point bending.
Modulus A measure of the stiffness of a material during elastic (non-permanent) deformation. Flexural Modulus = Flexural Stress / Flexural Strain = {(3 x Force x Length) / (2 x Width x Height2)} /
{(6 x Deflection x Height) / (Length2)} = (Force x Length3) / (4 x Width x Height3 x Deflection)
ISO 178 MPa 2900 1350 2600 1100 1100 2300 3900
Strength Also known as ‘Modulus of Rupture’ or ‘Bend Strength’. The Stress required to break a test bar through 3-point bending.
ISO 178 MPa 86 22 88 75 134
Impact Resistance: The relative susceptability to fracture under stresses applied at high speeds.
Charpy at +23°C (73°F)
The energy required to fracture a sample held in a 3-point bending configuration.
ISO 179 kJ/m2 No break >100 No break No break No break
Charpy at -30°C (-22°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 >100
Charpy at -55°C (-67°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 No break No break 80 No break
Charpy notched at +23°C (73°F)The energy required to fracture a notched sample held in a 3-point bending configuration.
ISO 179 kJ/m2 6.6 7 10 15 5.5
Charpy notched at -30°C (-22°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 5.3 9 6 12 8
Charpy notched at -55°C (-67°F) ISO 179 kJ/m2 4.9
Electrical Properties
Dielectric Strength (step-by-step) 3.2mm
The voltage required to produce dielectric breakdown of the material, i.e. the maximum voltage the material can insulate per unit thickness.
DIN IEC 60243 kV/mm 20 30 13 15.1
Volume Resistivity 3.2mm The resistance to the flow of electric current through the body of a material. DIN IEC 60093 x1011 ohm-m 400 10 10 650 3.8
Surface Resistivity 3.2mm The resistance to the flow of electric current along the surface of a material. DIN IEC 60093 x1012 ohm 100 3000 >1,9
Comparative Tracking Index 3.0mm The voltage which causes tracking after 50 drops of 0.1% ammonium chloride solution have fallen on the material. The results of testing at 3 mm thickness are considered representative of the material's performance in any thickness. Tracking is an electrical breakdown on the surface of an insulating material. A large voltage difference gradually creates a conductive leakage path across the surface of the material by forming a carbonized track.
DIN IEC 60112 V 400-599 125 150
14 Material Properties
30
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
14.2] Glass Fibre Yarn - Ø1mm Material Properties
Description Units Description
Physical Properties
Density Mass per Volume, also known as ‘Specific Gravity’. The units g/cm3 = g/mlg/cm3
(oz/inch3)2.60
(1.50)
Moisture Content (ISO 3344) Moisture content lost after drying at 105°C % 0.70
Mechanical Properties
Tensile:Material properties exhibited whilst under tension. A test specimen is held at both ends and loaded so that the specimen is stretched under tension.
Strength at BreakThe Tensile Strength of an individual yarn at the Break point, i.e. when the material fractures
N 960
Elongation at BreakThe % increase in length of an individual yarn at the break point, i.e. when the material fractures. Elongation = Strain x 100
% 2
Thermal Properties
Melting Point The temperature at which the Glass melts, i.e. turns from a solid to a liquid°C
(°F)750
(1382)
Flammability
Loss on Ignition The mass of material lost following ignition (volatile substances are burned off) % 1
14.3] Virgin E-Glass Material Properties
Physical Properties
Density Mass per Volume, also known as ‘Specific Gravity’. The units g/cm3 = g/mlg/cm3
(oz/inch3)2.08
(1.20)
Hardness (Vickers 50g-15s)A measure of the hardness of the material as determined by the Vicker's test method; in this case a 50g weight was used for a duraton of 15s
5.6
Thermal Properties
Littleton Softening TemperatureThe temperature at which glass deforms visibly under its own weight; defined as the log10 (viscosity) is 6.6 Pa s.
°C (°F)
840 (1544)
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
A measure of the change in size of an object as its temperature changes 10-5 mm/mm/°C 53
Specific Heat
The heat capacity per unit mass of a material20°C J/g°K 0.764
200°C J/g°K 0.958
Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity A measure of a material's ability to conduct heat W/m°K 1.0
Electrical Properties
Dielectric ConstantThe voltage required to produce dielectric breakdown of the material, i.e. the maximum voltage the material can insulate per unit thickness.
1 MHz 6.4
1 GHz 6.13
Volume Resistivity The resistance to the flow of electric current through the body of a material. Ohm-cm 1014 - 1015
Surface Resistivity The resistance to the flow of electric current along the surface of a material. Ohm 1013 - 1014
14 Material Properties
31
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
15.1] Chemical Resistance and Ageing
One of the main benefits of using PA11 (Nylon 11) and PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) in offshore applications is the very low degradation due to water and a whole variety of petrochemicals. Track records since PA11 (Nylon 11) and PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) were first introduced over 50 years ago, show extremely high resistance to a whole variety of offshore chemical environments.
15.1.2] Overview: compatibility between PA11 (Nylon 11) grades BESNO 15.1.1] Lifetime of Rilsan PA11(Nylon 11) in water (PH 7) P40 TLO, TL and TLX and different chemical classes
20 40 60 80 100 120 1401.E-02
1.E-01
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
Temperature (°C)
Tim
e (y
ears
)
40 years lifetime
120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
Temperature (°C)
Tim
e (d
ays)
1 year
5 years
10 years
20 years
Water
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Class 4
Water is the critical chemical medium for Polyamides (such as PA11). Deionised water (pH = 7) does not contain salts (such as Sodium Chloride), so the probability of chemical interaction between the water molecules and the amide groups is maximised. Salt water contains salts which do not interact with the Polyamide. The salts bind a certain amount of water by forming a shell of water molecules around each salt ion. The presence of salts therefore reduces the speed of the water absorption of the Polyamide.
15.1.3] Overview of Chemical Classes
Chemical Liquid Base Functions Compatibility Class
oxypropylated and/or oxyethylated alkylphenols “non ionic surfactants”
hydrocarbon, water/glycol demulsifier < water
ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers hydrocarbon demulsifier < water
glycol esters hydrocarbon demulsifier < water
fatty amines hydrocarbon, water, water/glycol corrosion inhibitor class 1
imidazoline derivatives hydrocarbon, water, water/glycol corrosion inhibitor class 1
sulphite derivatives water, water/glycol corrosion inhibitor class 2
bisulphite salts water oxygen scavenger class 2
quaternary ammonium salts, “quats”, ammonium salts
water, water/glycol biocides < water
aldehydes water, water/glycol biocides class 2
polyacrylateswater, water/glycol
paraffine inhibitors scale inhibitors
class 1
organic phosphonateswater, water/glycol
scale inhibitors corrosion inhibitors
class 3
organic sulfonateswater, water/glycol
scale inhibitors corrosion inhibitors
class 3
hydrochloric acid 15% water well stimulation class 4
hydrofluoric acid 15% water well stimulation class 4
The sign “< water” means that the chemical is less aggressive than water.
NB. For the effects of moisture absorption on Smart® Band Tensile Strength, please see section 3.3
15 Offshore/Subsea Environments
32
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
16 Chemical Resistance16
.1]
Gen
eral
Che
mic
al R
esis
tanc
e
All
poly
mer
s us
ed in
the
pro
duct
ion
of S
mar
t® T
ie a
nd S
mar
t® P
rote
ctor
com
pone
nts
are
spec
ialit
y po
lym
ers
that
exh
ibit
out
stan
ding
che
mic
al r
esis
tanc
e. S
peci
fica
lly t
hey
have
exc
elle
nt
resi
stan
ce t
o or
gani
c an
d in
orga
nic
subs
tanc
es a
nd a
re n
ot a
ffec
ted
by, n
or d
o th
ey a
ffec
t: lu
bric
atin
g oi
ls, g
reas
es, a
lipha
tic
and
arom
atic
hyd
roca
rbon
s in
clud
ing
conv
enti
onal
fue
ls.
How
ever
the
re a
re d
iffer
ence
s be
twee
n th
e po
lym
ers
whe
n lo
okin
g at
the
eff
ects
of
chem
ical
s on
the
ir p
rope
rtie
s th
at m
ean
that
cer
tain
pol
ymer
s ar
e m
ore
suit
able
tha
n ot
hers
in s
peci
fic
appl
icat
ions
.
The
follo
win
g Ch
emic
al r
esis
tanc
e ta
ble
help
s to
spe
cify
whi
ch p
olym
er is
mos
t su
itab
le f
or t
he d
esir
ed a
pplic
atio
n:
Chem
ical
Age
ntCo
ncer
tra-
tion†
PA66
(Nyl
on 6
.6.)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n
POM
(Ace
tal)
Perf
orm
ance
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
2 (N
ylon
12)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
1 (N
ylon
11)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PPS
(Pol
yphe
nyle
ne
Sulp
hide
) Pe
rfor
man
ceCo
ncen
tra-
tion†
PEEK
(P
oly
Ethe
r Et
her
Keto
ne)
Perf
orm
ance
unkn
own
°C23
°C
(73.
4°F)
49°C
(1
20.2
°F)
82°C
(1
79.6
°F)
20°C
(6
8°F)
40°C
(1
04°F
)60
°C
(140
°F)
90°C
(1
94°F
)Te
mp
°CPe
rfor
-m
ance
Gene
ral
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Min
eral
Aci
ds
Boric
aci
d7%
24P
100%
G10
% A
queo
us20
GG
Carb
onic
aci
d10
%24
G10
0%G
GG
Chlo
roac
etic
aci
d10
%24
P10
0%P
10%
Pur
e20
PG
G
Chlo
rosu
lpho
nic
acid
10%
24P
100%
PP
G
Chro
mic
aci
d -
Pota
ssiu
m c
hrom
ate
10%
24P
10%
P1%
Aqu
eous
10%
Aqu
eos
20L P
10%
PP
PP
30%
80G
G
Hydr
ochl
oric
aci
d2.
5%
5%
10%
23
77
25
G P P
20%
37%
100%
100%
G G G
P
1% A
queo
us
10%
Aqu
eous
20
20
L P
1%
10%
G G
L L
P P
P P
10%
10%
36%
23
80
G P P
37%
G G
Nitri
c ac
id10
%23
P5-
10%
50%
P
P Al
l Con
cent
ra-
tions
20P
10%
PP
PP
10%
40%
G P
<10
%
>10
%
>20
%
G L PPe
rchl
oric
aci
d10
%24
P10
0%G
G
Phos
phor
ic a
cid
5%
98P
100%
100%
P P
10%
Aqu
eous
50%
Aqu
eous
20L P
5% 50%
G L
P P
G
>40
G
Sulp
hur d
ioxid
e10
0%38
P10
0%G
<5%
20L
LP
PP
GG
Sulp
huric
aci
d1%
3%
10%
30%
23
P
3%
30%
G P
Pure
2% A
queo
us
10%
Aqu
eous
36%
Aqu
eous
L P P P
1%
10%
G G
L L
L L
P P
10%
10%
20%
30%
23 80 180
180
G G G G
<10
%
>10
%
G P
Sulp
huro
us a
cid
10%
23P
100%
GL
G
Min
eral
Sal
ts
Alum
iniu
m h
ydro
xide
10%
10%
23
52
L P
10%
G*G*
Sol
G
Alum
ina
sulp
hate
10%
10%
23
52
L P
100%
pCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Satu
rate
dG
Aque
ous
(Sat
)G
Amm
oniu
m c
arbo
nate
10%
23L
100%
PAq
ueou
sG
G
Amm
oniu
m c
hlor
ide
10%
52P
100%
G10
% A
queo
us20
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Amm
oniu
m h
ydro
xide
10%
100%
23
70
G**
P**
100%
GL
Sol
G
Amm
oniu
m s
ulph
ate
100%
100%
GCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
LAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Antim
ony
trich
lorid
e10
%24
PAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Bariu
m c
hlor
ide
10%
24
P
100%
GCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Bariu
m s
ulph
ate
10%
24G
100%
G
Bariu
m S
ulph
ide
10%
24L
100%
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Calc
ium
ars
enat
eCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
G
Calc
ium
chl
orid
e 5%
60
P
100%
P10
% A
queo
us
20%
Alc
ohol
20G P
Conc
entra
ted
or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Satu
rate
d80
GAq
ueou
sG
Calc
ium
hyp
ochl
orite
Sat.
Sol.
35P
100%
PAq
ueou
sP
Aque
ous
G
Calc
ium
thio
cyna
te50
%P
Copp
er c
hlor
ide
10%
24P
100%
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Copp
er s
ulph
ate
100%
PCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Copp
er s
ulph
ite10
%24
P
33
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
16 Chemical ResistanceCh
emic
al A
gent
Conc
ertr
a-tio
n†
PA66
(Nyl
on 6
.6.)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n
POM
(Ace
tal)
Perf
orm
ance
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
2 (N
ylon
12)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
1 (N
ylon
11)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PPS
(Pol
yphe
nyle
ne
Sulp
hide
) Pe
rfor
man
ceCo
ncen
tra-
tion†
PEEK
(P
oly
Ethe
r Et
her
Keto
ne)
Perf
orm
ance
unkn
own
°C23
°C
(73.
4°F)
49°C
(1
20.2
°F)
82°C
(1
79.6
°F)
20°C
(6
8°F)
40°C
(1
04°F
)60
°C
(140
°F)
90°C
(1
94°F
)Te
mp
°CPe
rfor
-m
ance
Gene
ral
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Di-a
mm
oniu
m p
hosp
hate
Conc
entra
ted
or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
L
Hydr
ogen
sul
phid
eSa
t. So
l.23
P10
0%G
Aque
ous
LAq
ueou
sG
Mag
nesi
um c
hlor
ide
100%
G50
%G
GG
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Pota
ssiu
m c
arbo
nate
20%
98
G
100%
G50
%G
LP
PAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Pota
ssiu
m c
hlor
ide
90%
23G
100%
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Pota
ssiu
m h
ydro
xide
30%
98L
100%
GAq
ueou
sL
Aque
ous
G
Pota
ssiu
m n
itrat
e10
0%G
10%
Aqu
eous
20G
Conc
entra
ted
or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
G*L*
PP
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Pota
ssiu
m s
ulph
ate
100%
G10
% A
queo
us20
GCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Pota
ssiu
m th
iocy
nate
Sat.
Sol.
P
Sodi
um c
arbo
nate
2%
35
G
2%
2%
20%
G G G
10%
Aqu
eous
20G
Conc
entra
ted
or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
LP
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Sodi
um c
hlor
ide
10%
23
G
Satu
rate
d
10%
G G*
All C
once
ntra
-
tions
20G
Satu
rate
d
10%
GG
GG
Aque
ous
G
Sodi
um h
ydro
xide
(C
aust
ic S
oda)
10%
70
P**
1%
10%
10%
60%
G G
G*
G*
40%
Aqu
eous
20G
10%
23G
Aque
ous
G
Sodi
um n
itrat
e5%
24G
100%
G10
% A
queo
us20
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Sodi
um s
ulph
ate
90%
24G
100%
G10
% A
queo
us20
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Sodi
um s
ulph
ide
90%
24G
10%
Aqu
eous
20G
Conc
entra
ted
or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
LAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Sodi
um th
iosu
lpha
te25
%G
G10
% A
queo
us20
GAq
ueou
sG
G
Stan
nic
chlo
ride
10%
24P*
*10
0%G
Stan
nic
sulp
hate
10%
24P
Tric
resy
l Pho
spha
te10
0%66
G
Tris
odic
pho
spha
teCo
ncen
trate
d or
boile
d so
lutio
ns
GG
GG
Zinc
chl
orid
e10
0%G
10%
Aqu
eous
20L
Satu
rate
dG
GL
PSa
tura
ted
80G
Aque
ous
G
Min
eral
bas
es
Amm
onia
Sat.
Sol.
100%
-33
24
G G
100%
P10
% A
queo
us
Gase
ous
All
Conc
entra
tions
20G
Conc
entra
ted
GG
GG
anhy
drou
s
liqui
d
Pan
hydr
ous
liqui
d
G
Amm
onia
sol
utio
n
10%
24
P
Liqu
id o
r gas
GG
Aque
ous
G
Pota
ssiu
m c
arbo
nate
100%
G50
%G
LP
P
Sodi
um b
icar
bona
te50
%24
G10
0%G
All C
once
ntra
-
tions
20G
50%
GL
PP
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Othe
r min
eral
bod
ies
Agric
ultu
ral s
pray
sol
utio
nG
G
Blea
ch
(sod
ium
hyp
ochl
orite
)5%
23L
5%P
LP
PP
5%80
LAq
ueou
sG
Brom
ine
100%
24P
100%
PAl
l Con
cent
ra-
tions
20P
PP
liqui
d pu
reP
liqui
d pu
reP
Brom
ine
wat
er25
%23
G**
Carb
onat
ed w
ater
100%
GG
GG
GG
G
Chlo
rine
100%
23P
100%
PPu
re20
PP
PP
PGa
s -
dry
Gas
- w
et
Liqu
id -
pur
e
P P P
Gas
- dr
y
Gas
- w
et
Liqu
id -
pur
e
G P PCh
lorin
e w
ater
Sol.
Sat.
Sol.
23
23
L PCh
loro
x10
0%23
G10
0%P
Fluo
rine
100%
PP
PP
PDr
y -
pure
Wet
- p
ure
P P
Dry
- pu
re
Wet
- p
ure
P P
16.1
] G
ener
al C
hem
ical
Res
ista
nce
34
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
16 Chemical ResistanceCh
emic
al A
gent
Conc
ertr
a-tio
n†
PA66
(Nyl
on 6
.6.)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n
POM
(Ace
tal)
Perf
orm
ance
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
2 (N
ylon
12)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
1 (N
ylon
11)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PPS
(Pol
yphe
nyle
ne
Sulp
hide
) Pe
rfor
man
ceCo
ncen
tra-
tion†
PEEK
(P
oly
Ethe
r Et
her
Keto
ne)
Perf
orm
ance
unkn
own
°C23
°C
(73.
4°F)
49°C
(1
20.2
°F)
82°C
(1
79.6
°F)
20°C
(6
8°F)
40°C
(1
04°F
)60
°C
(140
°F)
90°C
(1
94°F
)Te
mp
°CPe
rfor
-m
ance
Gene
ral
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Hydr
ogen
GG
GG
Pure
GPu
reG
Hydr
ogen
per
oxid
e3%
5%
23
43
G P
10%
50%
100%
P P P
2% A
queo
us
10%
Aqu
eous
36%
Aqu
eous
20P P P
GL
0.5%
30%
L L
0.50
%
30%
G G
Mer
cury
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
GG
G
Ozon
e10
0%G
< 1
ppm
Gase
ous
Gase
ous
All
Conc
entra
tions
20G P
LP
PP
Wet
& D
ryP
Wet
& D
ryL
Oxyg
enG
GG
PG
G
Pota
ssiu
m p
erm
anga
nate
5%23
P10
0%G
1% A
queo
us20
P5%
PP
Aque
ous
PAq
ueou
sG
Sea
wat
er10
0%G
GG
GG
GG
Sulp
hur
Pure
20G
GG
Wat
er
100%
GG*
*Pu
re20
GG
GG
GDi
stille
dL
G
Orga
nic
base
s
Anilin
ePu
reG*
,**
Pure
20L
Pure
LP
PP
G
Diet
hano
lam
ine
100%
G20
%G
G**
G**
L
Pyrid
ine
100%
GPu
re20
GPu
reL
PP
PPu
reL
Pure
G
Urea
100%
G20
% A
queo
us20
GG
GL
LAq
ueou
sG
Orga
nic
acid
s an
d an
hydr
ides
Acet
ic a
cid
5%23
P**
5%
20%
80%
G P
G10
% A
queo
us
40%
Aqu
eous
Pure
20P
LP
PP
100%
GPu
reG
Acet
ic a
nhyd
ride
100%
PPu
re20
PL
PP
PPu
reG
Benz
oic
acid
10%
23P
100%
GPu
re20
LG
Aque
ous
Satu
rate
d
G
Buty
ric a
cid
10%
24P
100%
GPu
re20
LAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Citri
c ac
id10
%24
P10
%G
GG
LP
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Form
ic a
cid
23P
100%
G10
% A
queo
us
40%
Aqu
eous
85%
Aqu
eous
20P P P
GP
PP
Aque
ous
Pure
G G
Aque
ous
Pure
G L
Glyc
olic
aci
d70
%P
100%
GAq
ueou
sG
Lact
ic a
cid
10%
35G
100%
G5%
Aqu
eous
50%
Aqu
eous
90%
Aqu
eous
20L P P
GG
GL
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Olei
c ac
id10
0%G
GPu
re20
GG
GG
L
Oxal
ic a
cid
Cold
G10
% A
queo
us20
LG
GL
PAq
ueou
s (S
at)
GAq
ueou
s (S
at)
G
Picr
ic a
cid
100%
GL
PP
P
Stea
ric a
cid
100%
GG
GG
GG
Tarta
ric a
cid
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
LAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Uric
aci
dG
GG
L
Hydr
ocar
bons
Acet
ylene
100%
GG
GG
GG
Benz
ene
100%
23G
100%
G**
Pure
20G
GG*
*L
LPu
reL
G
Buta
ne10
0%G
Pure
20G
GG
GGa
s &
Liqu
idG
Gas
& Li
quid
G
Cycl
ohex
ane
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GL
Pure
GPu
reG
Deca
line
Pure
20G
GG
GL
FORA
NE®
12
- Di
chlo
rodi
fluor
omet
hane
GG
G10
0%10
0G
FORA
NE®
22
GG
G
R-13
4a -
Tet
raflu
oroe
than
e10
0%G
G10
0%10
0G
Hept
ane
Pure
20G
Pure
GPu
reG
Hexa
deca
ne10
%23
G**
100%
G
Met
hane
100%
GG
GG
Pure
GPu
reG
Naph
thal
ene
100%
GG
Pure
20G
GG
GL
NUJO
L10
0%70
GLi
quifi
edG
Prop
ane
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
Gas
& Li
quid
GGa
s &
Liqu
idG
16.1
] G
ener
al C
hem
ical
Res
ista
nce
35
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
16 Chemical ResistanceCh
emic
al A
gent
Conc
ertr
a-tio
n†
PA66
(Nyl
on 6
.6.)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n
POM
(Ace
tal)
Perf
orm
ance
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
2 (N
ylon
12)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
1 (N
ylon
11)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PPS
(Pol
yphe
nyle
ne
Sulp
hide
) Pe
rfor
man
ceCo
ncen
tra-
tion†
PEEK
(P
oly
Ethe
r Et
her
Keto
ne)
Perf
orm
ance
unkn
own
°C23
°C
(73.
4°F)
49°C
(1
20.2
°F)
82°C
(1
79.6
°F)
20°C
(6
8°F)
40°C
(1
04°F
)60
°C
(140
°F)
90°C
(1
94°F
)Te
mp
°CPe
rfor
-m
ance
Gene
ral
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Styr
ene
100%
GG*
*Pu
re20
GG
G**
G
Tolu
ene
100%
50G
100%
GPu
re20
GG
G**
LL
80L
Pure
G
Xyle
ne10
0%G
Pure
20G
GG*
*L
L80
LPu
reG
Alco
hols
Benz
yl al
coho
lPu
re20
PL
PP
PPu
reG
Buta
nol
100%
50G
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
80G
Aque
ous
G
Etha
nol
100%
100%
23
50
G**
G**
100%
GG*
*Pu
re20
GG
GG
5%80
GPu
reG
Ethy
lene
glyc
ol50
%23
G50
%P
Pure
GPu
reG
Glyc
erin
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
Aque
ous
GAq
ueou
sG
Glyc
olPu
re20
GG
GG
P12
0G
Aque
ous
G
Met
hano
l10
0%23
G**
100%
GG
GG
60L
G
Met
hano
l (60
%)
55G
G
Met
hano
l (15
%)
60G
G
Alde
hyde
s an
d ke
tone
s
Acet
one
100%
100%
23
50
G G
100%
G**
Pure
20G
GG*
*L
P10
0%55
GPu
reG
Acet
alde
hyde
100%
52L
40%
Aqu
eous
20L
GL
PPu
reL
Pure
G
Form
alde
hyde
38%
23G
40%
100%
G
G40
% A
queo
usP
GL
PAq
ueou
s
Pure
L G
Aque
ous
Pure
L GCy
cloh
exan
one
Pure
20G
GL
PPu
reG
Pure
G
Met
hyle
thylk
eton
e -
Buta
none
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GL
P10
0%58
GPu
reL
Met
hylis
obut
ylket
one
100%
23G
GG
LP
Benz
alde
hyde
100%
GPu
re20
PG
LP
Aque
ous
LAq
ueou
sG
Chlo
rinat
ed s
olve
nts
AROC
LOR
1242
100%
23G
Pure
20G
Carb
on te
trach
lorid
e10
0%
100%
23
50
G G
100%
GG*
*P
Pure
LPu
reG
Dich
loro
etha
ne10
0%66
G10
0%G*
*Pu
reL
Pure
G
Hexa
fluor
oiso
prop
anol
100%
23P
Met
hyl b
rom
ide
100%
PG
P
Met
hyl c
hlor
ide
100%
23L
100%
GG
PPu
reL
Pure
G
Met
hyl t
richl
orid
e10
0%23
G
Met
hyle
ne c
hlor
ide
100%
23L
100%
GPu
reL
Pure
L
Tetra
fluor
opro
pane
L
Tric
hlor
oeth
ylene
100%
PL
PPu
reL
Pure
G
Tric
hlor
oeth
ane
100%
72G
100%
GPu
re20
GL
PP
P10
0%10
0G
Perc
hlor
oeth
ylene
100%
GPu
re20
PL
PPu
reL
Pure
G
Phen
ols
5%23
P5%
G**
PP
PP
Aque
ous
(Sat
)G
Aque
ous
(Sat
)L
Vario
us o
rgan
ic b
odie
s
Anet
hol
G
Carb
on s
ulph
ide
G**
L*P
Pure
G
Dibr
omoe
than
e10
0%50
L
Dim
ethy
l for
mam
ide
100%
PPu
re20
GPu
reL
Pure
G
Ethy
lene
oxid
e10
0%P
GG
LP
Furfu
rol
100%
GPu
re20
LG
G**
LP
Gluc
ose
100%
GG
GG
GAq
ueou
sG
Aque
ous
G
Glyc
ol c
hlor
hydr
ine
PP
Nitro
met
hane
100%
23G
100%
GPu
re20
G
2-Ni
tropr
opan
e10
0%72
G
Tetra
ethy
l lea
dG
LG
Salts
, est
ers,
eth
ers
Amyl
acet
ate
100%
98P
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
LPu
reG
Pure
G
Buty
l ace
tate
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
L10
0%80
GPu
reG
Diet
hyle
ne g
lycol
90%
24G
100%
G
Dim
ethy
l eth
er10
0%G*
*
Diet
hyl e
ther
Pure
20G
100%
23G
Pure
G
16.1
] G
ener
al C
hem
ical
Res
ista
nce
36
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
16 Chemical ResistanceCh
emic
al A
gent
Conc
ertr
a-tio
n†
PA66
(Nyl
on 6
.6.)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n
POM
(Ace
tal)
Perf
orm
ance
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
2 (N
ylon
12)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PA1
1 (N
ylon
11)
Conc
entr
a-tio
n†
PPS
(Pol
yphe
nyle
ne
Sulp
hide
) Pe
rfor
man
ceCo
ncen
tra-
tion†
PEEK
(P
oly
Ethe
r Et
her
Keto
ne)
Perf
orm
ance
unkn
own
°C23
°C
(73.
4°F)
49°C
(1
20.2
°F)
82°C
(1
79.6
°F)
20°C
(6
8°F)
40°C
(1
04°F
)60
°C
(140
°F)
90°C
(1
94°F
)Te
mp
°CPe
rfor
-m
ance
Gene
ral
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Tem
p °C
Pe
rfor
-m
ance
Dioc
tyl p
hosp
hate
GG
GL
Dioc
tyl p
htha
late
100%
G**
G**
GG
GPu
reG
Ethy
l ace
tate
100%
50G
100%
GPu
re20
GG
GG
100%
GPu
reG
Fatty
aci
d es
ters
100%
GG
GG
G
Met
hyl a
ceta
teG
GG
Pure
GPu
reG
Met
hyl s
ulph
ate
GL
Sulp
huric
eth
erG
Trib
utyl
phos
phat
eG
GG
GL
Pure
G
Tric
resy
l pho
spha
te10
0%66
GG
GG
LPu
reG
Mis
cella
neou
s pr
oduc
ts
Antif
reez
e10
0%10
4L
100%
PL
G
Auto
mat
ic tr
ansm
issi
on fl
uid
100%
GG
G
Beer
100%
GCo
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
GG
G
Brak
e Fl
uid
GG*
*Co
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
80G
G
Cide
r10
0%G
GG
G
Coal
gas
GG
GG
Crud
e oi
lG
GG*
*G
G
Dete
rgen
t 10
0%G*
GG
Dies
el10
0%G*
*Co
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
80G
G
Frui
t jui
ceCo
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
GG
GG
Gaso
hol
100%
GG
Grea
se10
0%G
GG
GG
GG
Kero
sene
100%
GG
GG*
*60
GG
Lano
lin s
uspe
nsio
n10
%35
G
2,4-
D Li
ndan
eG
Lins
eed
Cake
100%
82G
100%
GG
GG
G
Milk
100%
GCo
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
GG
GG
GG
Mot
or o
il10
0%G
G80
GG
Mus
tard
100%
GG
G
Naph
tha
100%
98G*
*10
0%G
GG
G**
G
Oil
Com
mer
cial
Grad
e
20G
GG
GG
60G
G
Oxyq
uino
lein
e (a
gric
ultu
ral s
pray
)G
Prem
ium
gra
de g
asol
ine
100%
G**
Com
mer
cial
Grad
e
20G
GG
G**
GG
Regu
lar g
rade
gas
olin
e10
0%G*
*Co
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
GG
G**
80G
G
Soap
Cle
anse
r10
0%G*
*G
Stea
rine
GG
G
Turp
entin
e10
0%G
GG
G**
Vine
gar
100%
GCo
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20L
GG
Win
eCo
mm
erci
al
Grad
e
20G
GG
G
*Dis
colo
urat
ion
occu
rs. *
*Sw
ellin
g ac
tion
. G =
Goo
d. L
= L
imit
ed. P
= P
oor.
†100
% u
nles
s ot
herw
ise
stat
ed.
16.1
] G
ener
al C
hem
ical
Res
ista
nce
37
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
17 WeatheringWhen exposed to weathering, polymers have a natural tendency to photo-oxidise and depolymerise to their natural elemental forms. There are variations in natural weathering depending on the intensities of the following components:
1. Solar Radiation (UV)
2. Moisture
3. Heat
4. Pollutants e.g. ozone and acid rain
5. Salt Water
The combination of more than one of these factors can also lead to accelerated degradation and aging.
Weathering intensity varies widely around the world, and may also vary from year to year for a given location, depending on weather patterns. Weather in a subtropical climate, such as Florida, may have twice the effect on a polymer as a more northerly location. A drier climate, such as Arizona, may have increased UV radiation, but because of the lower humidity, the effects of weathering on a polymer will not be so severe. It is impossible to give a precise indication of the effects of weathering in a given location, but by using natural outdoor and accelerated tests, certain predictions can be made.
Photo courtesy of Groupe Courbis Location: Malaysia
The carbon black additive in Smart® Band and Smart® Tie products, acts as a very good UV stabiliser. Heat-stabilised grades, usually copper based, also provide further protection against photo-oxidative degradation by shutting down free radicals. This combination of inhibitors helps to give the polymers many years of life.
Estimated Polymer life expectancy when exposed to weathering
Materials all blackLife in Hot climates Life in Temperate Climates
YRS – Approx YRS – Approx
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) 10+ 15+
POM (Acetal) 5+ 8+
PA12 (Nylon 12) 15+ 20+
PA12GF (Nylon 12 Glass-filled) 15+ 20+
PA11 (Nylon 11) 15+ 20+
PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-filled) 15+ 20+
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) 10+ 15+
PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) 5+ 8+
PA66 (Nylon 6.6.)Compared with other polymers, PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) naturally exhibits a high resistance to weathering and UV degradation, even in its neat state. The graphs below, show the reduction in Tensile strength and Elongation at break of PA66 (Nylon 6.6.), over a 2000 hour period in a weathering chamber. The accelerated weathering is achieved by wet and dry cycles and continuous UVA (320nm) exposure. The dry cycles last for 8 hours at 70°C, and the wet cycles for 4 hours.
38
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
17 WeatheringPA66 (Nylon 6.6.) – reduction in Tensile strength, due to accelerated PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) – reduction in Elongation at break, due to accelerated weathering weathering
0 500 1000 1500 20000
50
40
30
20
10
60
70
80
90
Time – Hours
Ten
sile
Str
engt
h (
MP
a)
Nylon 6.6. Natural
Nylon 6.6. Black
0 500 1000 1500 20000
100
80
60
40
20
120
140
160
180
Time – Hours
% E
lon
gati
on
Nylon 6.6. Natural
Nylon 6.6. Black
Conclusion
r The degradation caused by weathering, in both the black and natural PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) tends to reduce the Tensile strength and the Elongation at break of the material over time. This makes the polymer weaker and more brittle.
r The carbon black UV stabiliser gives a huge increase in weathering resistance to PA66 (Nylon 6.6.).r It is important to note that the sharp fall in Tensile strength and increase in Elongation at break of Black PA66 (Nylon 6.6.) from 0 - 500 hours,
is largely due to a conditioning effect (taking on moisture). However, the UV degradation that occurs in the natural material during this time is enough to annul the conditioning effect and to reduce the Elongation at break to almost zero.
PA12 (Nylon 12), PA11GF (Nylon 11 Glass-Filled) and PA11 (Nylon 11)The following data gives evidence that black PA11 (Nylon 11) is particularly resistant to degradation from the combined effect of the sun’s rays and rain water. Black extruded tubes, 6 inch diameter x 8mm wall thickness; were tested at the following outdoor sites:
Serquigny, France Moderate, moist climate. Typical of central Europe. Bandol, France Warm, moist climate. Typical of Mediterranean. Iguazu, Brazil Tropical climate with high sunlight irradiation. Pretoria, South Africa Hot, dry climate.
Standard Units Control 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year
Serquigny, FranceInherent Viscosity (IV) dl/g 1.42 1.54 1.55 1.64 1.66 1.62 1.63
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) ISO 527 MPa 37 38.5 37.2 42 37 36.5 35
Elongation at break (E) ISO 527 % 357 329 338 347 291 309 316
Impact Test at -40°C (-40°F) DIN 73378 Pass/Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Instantaneous Hoop Stress (σ) MPa 24.3 24.9 25.1 26.0 30.7 29.5 27.0
Bandol, FranceInherent Viscosity (IV) dl/g 1.42 1.64 1.55 1.65 1.59 - -
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) ISO 527 MPa 37 35 37 39 39 37.5 37
Elongation at break (E) ISO 527 % 357 346 320 330 355 333 321
Impact Test at -40°C (-40°F) DIN 73378 Pass/Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Instantaneous Hoop Stress (σ) MPa 24.3 29.5 29.2 27.4 32 29 30
Iguazu, BrazilInherent Viscosity (IV) dl/g 1.42 1.63 1.65 1.66 1.72 1.62 1.57
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) ISO 527 MPa 37 42 38 38 39 37.4 39
Elongation at break (E) ISO 527 % 357 358 295 317 347 374 370
Impact Test at -40°C (-40°F) DIN 73378 Pass/Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass
Instantaneous Hoop Stress (σ) MPa 24.3 28.4 25.6 26.0 31.5 33.0 29.7
Pretoria, South AfricaInherent Viscosity (IV) dl/g 1.42 1.56 1.66 1.83 1.67 1.62 -
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) ISO 527 MPa 37 38.5 39 37 35 36 -
Elongation at break (E) ISO 527 % 357 343 365 335 344 346 -
Impact Test at -40°C (-40°F) DIN 73378 Pass/Fail Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass -
Instantaneous Hoop Stress (σ) MPa 24.3 27.4 23.5 32.6 32.0 27.0 -
39
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
17 Weathering
1Control 2 3 4 650
25
20
15
10
5
30
35
40
45
Exposure (years)
Ult
imat
e Te
nsi
le S
tren
gth
(M
Pa)
Serguigny, France
Bandol, France
Iguazu, Brazil
Pretoria, South Africa
1Control 2 3 4 65
0
200
150
100
50
250
300
350
400
Exposure (years)
Elon
gati
on a
t b
reak
(%
)
Serguigny, France
Bandol, France
Iguazu, Brazil
Pretoria, South Africa
Conclusion
r The degradation to black PA11 (Nylon 11) caused by weathering, can be seen to be minimal during the above tests. This gives great confidence that the life expectancy of PA11 (Nylon 11) is far longer than the exposure periods shown above.
PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide)Although weathering resistance information is not readily available for PPS (Polyphenylene Sulphide) it is generally considered suitable for outdoor applications as long as a carbon black UV inhibitor is used.
PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone)Tensile strength at break Tensile modulus
0 2000 4000 6000 80000
35
150
200
15
30
25
20
100
5
0
10
50
250
Exposure time (Hours)
Ten
sile
str
engt
h a
t b
reak
(M
Pa) Ten
sile strength
at break (kp
si)
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
0
3500
15
20
1500
3000
2500
2000
10
500
0
1000
5
25
Exposure time (Hours)
Ten
sile
mod
ulus
(G
Pa)
Tensile m
odulus (kp
si)
Tensile elongation at break
0 2000 4000 6000 80000
17
2
1
18
Exposure time (Hours)
Ten
sile
elo
nga
tion
at
bre
ak (
%)
Conclusion
r PEEK (Poly Ether Ether Ketone) is affected by simulated weathering. The primary effects are yellowing, loss of surface gloss, and a loss of ductility.
For applications that will be exposed to direct sunlight, it is recommended that parts made of the unfilled grades be painted or pigmented black.
40
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
18 QualityWithin HCL Fasteners Ltd we are committed to provide products and services which meet the customers’ specified contractual and project requirements and those of all applicable regulating authorities.
We are totally committed to setting and achieving quality standards that are capable of meeting, in all respects, the specified requirements and reasonable expectations of our customers, whilst working within the framework of statutory, regulatory and legal requirements.
In order to achieve this objective, it is the policy of HCL Fasteners to maintain an effective quality system based on the requirements of: BS EN ISO 9001-2008.
Goods Received InspectionHCL’s banding products are manufactured to the highest standard using the latest equipment and techniques. The injection-moulding and extrusion machines are computer controlled and the settings for each mould tool are recorded for maximum repeatability. Before a production run can begin, the first-off components must be checked and approved against their specification. The machines also have quality control capabilities where parameters, e.g. melt cushion, are given an acceptable tolerance range. If these parameters go out of tolerance, a quality flap automatically rejects the parts.
Injection Moulding & Extrusion ControlHCL’s banding products are made from polymers that are inspected on receipt from our suppliers, by the quality controller. The material is inspected for: a) Quality b) Type c) Satisfactory packaging
The Goods Inwards inspection information is logged and retained by the Quality Control Department. If the material passes this inspection satisfactorily, it is transferred to raw material stores.
Statistical Process ControlSPC data relating to each manufacturing batch is available to customers upon request. This data is entered into a computer for dimensional verification and weight checks. The SPC sample and a hard copy of the SPC data are stored for reference and product traceability.
First and Last off samples for each batch are tested using a calibrated Zwick Tensile testing machine, to ensure that they meet the required performance.
Routine Production ChecksProducts found to be outside specification are rejected, and the batch concerned isolated. Settings are adjusted until satisfactory yield is achieved and the suspect batch subject to 100% inspection.
Final InspectionAll products are given a final visual and physical inspection. During packaging, quality is confirmed by: a) An inspection ticket packed with the goods. b) A Quality Assurance label attached to the outside of the packaging.
If required, a certificate of conformity to HCL’s product specification can be issued.
Quality PolicyHCL is committed to the highest possible quality standards. Quality control systems are subject to review at appropriate intervals in consideration of the following: a) Changes in technology b) Changes to markets c) Changes in legislation d) External assessor’s reports e) Overall company facilities & policies
41
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
Notes
w w w . h c l f a s t e n e r s . c o m
Notes
Visit www.hclfasteners.com to view our complete range of products.
©2015 HCL Fasteners. All Rights Reserved.
HCL – UK & Rest of the World Tel: +44 (0)1761 417714 Fax: +44 (0)1761 417710 Email: [email protected]
HCL – North America Tel: 281-717-1145 Fax: 281-717-1146 Email: [email protected]
Your attention is drawn to the following:
The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the
conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, HCL expressly disclaims
any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF
FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE
CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the
specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process.
The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under
any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be
sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement.
The information contained in this document is based on trials carried out in our internal laboratory and data selected from the literature,
but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal
specifications define the limit of our commitment. No liability whatsoever can be accepted by HCL with regard to the handling, or use of
the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in
the country or countries concerned.
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