SMART DUST
SMART DUSTfrom
K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser, and S. Morris
Presented for Software Design
by Xiaozhou David Zhu
June 22, 2001
Kent state University
SMART DUST
Goals
• Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3
• MAV delivery
• Thousands of motes
• Many interrogators
• Demonstrate useful/complex integration in 1 mm3
SMART DUST
COTS Dust
GOALS:
• Create a network of sensors
• Explore system design issues
• Provide a platform to test Dust components
• Use off the shelf components
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - RF Motes
• Atmel Microprocessor• RF Monolithics transceiver
• 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps• 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
N
S
EW 2 Axis Magnetic Sensor
2 Axis Accelerometer
Light Intensity Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensor
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - Distributed Algorithms
• 1”, $100 Sensor nodes are easy• algorithms?
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
SMART DUST
COTS Dust - Optical Motes
Laser mote
• 650nm laser pointer
• 2 day life full duty
CCR mote
• 4 corner cubes
• 40% hemisphere
SMART DUST
CCR Interrogator
Top View of the Interrogator
CCD Camera Lens
Frequency-Doubled Beam45o mirror
Polarizing Beamsplitter
Quarter-wavePlateFilter
0.25% reflectance on each surface
YAG Green Laser Expander
SMART DUST
Video Semaphore Decoding
Diverged beam @ 300m
Shadow or full sunlight
San Francisco (Coit Tower) to
Berkeley (Cory Hall)
SMART DUST
1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver
Photosensor
Signal ProcessingA/D Conversion
SIPO ShiftRegister
CRC CheckLocal Bus Driver
Off ChipBus Driver
Pixel Array
Put an asynchronous receiver
at every pixel
Funded by DARPA/MTO/STAB
0.25 um CMOS in fab
SMART DUST
Micro Mote - First Attempt
300 um
SMART DUST
2D beam scanning
laser
lens
CMOS ASIC
Steering Mirror
AR coated dome
SMART DUST
6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror
10 20 30 400
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Time (seconds)
Nor
mal
ized
bea
m p
ositi
on
• Open loop control
• Insensitive to disturbance
• Potentially low power
SMART DUST
~8mm3 laser scanner
Two 4-bit mechanical DACs control mirror scan angles.
~6 degrees azimuth, 3 elevation
SMART DUST
Power and Energy
• Sources• Solar cells• Combustion/Thermopiles
• Storage• Batteries ~1 J/mm3
• Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3
• Usage• Digital control: nJ/instruction• Analog circuitry: nJ/sample• Communication: nJ/bit
SMART DUST
Combustion
• Solid rocket propellant
• integrated igniter
• thermoelectric generator
SMART DUST
Dust Delivery
• Silicon maple seeds
• Silicon dandelions
LO
AD
SOI Solar Cell Performance
-6.E-06
-4.E-06
-2.E-06
0.E+00
2.E-06
4.E-06
6.E-06
8.E-06
-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Voltage (V)
Cu
rren
t (A
) an
d P
ow
er (
W)
Current
Power
SMART DUST
MAV Delivery
• 60 mph
• 18 min
• 1 mi comm
Built by MLB Co.
6”
8”
SMART DUST
24” Bat
40 mph top speed30 minute loiterautopilot: pressure
sensor, gyros, XLs2 planes, 1 ground station,
in 1 suitcase
spyplanes.com
SMART DUST
Marine LOE 4
3 MAVs participated, 1 flew
7 sortieson station in minutes
SMART DUST
Goal for ‘01
SMART DUST
Virtual Keyboard
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