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Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome What am i ?
Mild, moderate, or severe viral respiratory infection caused by a distinct coronavirus. It is Believed to be less infectious than the influenza virus. Incubation period estimated to range from 2 to 10 days .Not highly contagious when protective measures are taken Currently no known transmission worldwide.
Two stages❖ Stage 1 : involving flu like
symptoms that begin 2 to 7 days after incubation and last 3 to 7 days
❖ Stage 2: involving the lower respiratory tract
Patho Coronaviruses cause diseases in pigs, birds, and other animals. A theory suggests that a coronavirus may have mutated, allowing transmission to and infection of humans-(SARS-associated coronavirus [SARS-CoV]). Mucous membranes come in direct or indirect contact with infectious respiratory droplets or fomites. The virus attaches itself to human receptor cells, initiating a nonspecific acute lung injury. The result is diffuse, severe, alveolar damage.
Causes❖ Coronavirus
known as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
Assessment Contact with a person known to have SARS. Travel to an endemic area. Flu like signs and symptoms; initially no respiratory signs or symptoms during the first 3 to 7 days, then a nonproductive cough.RESP: Dry cough, Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Rhinorrhea, Crackles, Respiratory distress in later stagesGI/GU: Diarrhea,Nausea and vomiting,Sore throat,MS: MyalgiasDERM: RashMISC: Fever and chills, Headache, Fatigue,Malaise, Anorexia
O: Out of country U: Undeveloped countriesT: Travel to endemic areas
O: Out of breath F: Fever, fatigue
B: Bad muscle aches ( myalgias) R: Rhinorrhea Respiratory distressE: Excess vomitingA: A sore throat/ T: TachypneaH: Headache
Labs & Diagnostics ❖ Antibody testing with enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay and the immunofluorescent antibody test confirm diagnosis.
❖ Sputum culture isolates coronavirus.❖ Complete blood count may show leucopenia and
thrombocytopenia.❖ Liver transaminase level and lactate
dehydrogenase test results may be elevated as may creatine kinase levels.
❖ SARS-specific polymerase chain reaction test detects SARS-CoV ribonucleic acid.
❖ Blood culture identifies the infection.❖ Chest radiography may be normal or may reveal
diffuse interstitial infiltrates or bilateral peripheral infiltrates.
❖ Computed tomography scanning (thorax) may reveal infiltrates that resemble ground glass or may reveal obvious consolidation.
Interventions ❖ Symptomatic treatment❖ Airborne and contact precautions❖ Negative-pressure single room for
hospitalized patients❖ Strict respiratory and mucosal barrier
precautions, including an N95 respirator❖ Quarantine of exposed people to prevent
the spread of the virus❖ Global surveillance and reporting of
suspected cases to national health authorities
❖ Intubation and mechanical ventilation, if indicated
❖ Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis
Treatments ● Antivirals: ribavirin (Virazole) or
oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) (not proven consistently effective)
● Combination of steroids and antimicrobials (not proven consistently effective)
● Interferon alfacon-1 (not proven consistently effective)
● Oxygen therapy● IV fluid supplementation
Education ❖ Educate on disease process❖ Measures to prevent spread of
infection❖ Hand hygiene ❖ Not sharing utensils❖ Educate on treatment regimen. ❖ Educate on the importance of
follow up care.
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