SESSION I
Setting the scene: Migration trends and impacts
Venue IFAD, Rome
30 November – 2 December 2016
Interregional workshop
Collecting and using migration-related data for development: Cooperation and exchange in the European-African corridor
Organizer
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs
153 173 222 244
375
578
469
Global number of international migrants likely to increase
International migrant stock, 1990-2050 (millions)
1990 2000 2010
2.9% 2.8%
3.2%
Proportion of international migrants in total population
2015
3.3%
2050
1990-2000 growth rate
2000-2010 growth rate
2010-2015 growth rate
Source: UN/DESA, Population Division (2015). Trends in International Migrant Stock: The 2015 revision
Asia and Europe host the largest numbers of migrants worldwide
Number of international migrants by major area
Middle income
Nearly two thirds of all international migrants worldwide live in Europe or Asia
5
7
15
40
49
56
8
9
21
54
75
76
0 20 40 60 80
Oceania
Latin Americaand the Caribbean
Africa
Northern America
Asia
Europe
Number of migrants (millions)
2015
2000
Between 2000 and 2015, Asia added more international migrants than any other major area
Nearly half of all international migrants worldwide were born in Asia
Number of international migrants by major area of origin
1
3
23
26
52
68
2
4
34
37
62
104
0 50 100 150
Oceania
Northern America
Africa
Latin America and the…
Europe
Asia
Number of migrants (millions)
2015
2000
Between 2000 and 2015, the size of the migrant stock from Asia grew faster than from all other major areas
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74
Per
cen
tag
e
Total population
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0-4 10-14 20-24 30-34 40-44 50-54 60-64 70-74
Per
cen
tag
e
International migrants
58% 72%
Most migrants worldwide are of working age Total population and international migrants by age, 2015
Who is an international migrant? (UNDESA, 1998. Recommendation on statistics of international migration)
Any person who changes her/his country
of residence • Part of this definition:
A move Minimum duration of stay
• Not part of this definition:
Reason (work, family, study, asylum, etc.) Legal status
The contribution of migration to population change – Africa and Europe compared
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1950-1960
1960-1970
1970-1980
1980-1990
1990-2000
2000-2010
2010-2020
2020-2030
2030-2040
2040-2050
mill
ions
-10
40
90
140
190
240
290
340
390
440
490
1950-1960
1960-1970
1970-1980
1980-1990
1990-2000
2000-2010
2010-2020
2020-2030
2030-2040
2040-2050
mill
ions
Total net population change
Immigration-emigration Births-deaths
Europe Slowing population
decline (but not halting)
Africa Reducing
population growth (but little impact)
Demography: a powerful driver of migration
Changes in working age population by major area, 2015 – 2050
106%
-12% -20%
-8%
5%
29%
138%
10%
-21%
17% 9%
37%
Africa Asia Europe LatinAmerica and
theCaribbean
NorthernAmerica
Oceania
20-29
20-59
Source: UN, DESA, Population Division (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision
Trends in global displacement
Source: UNHCR Statistical Yearbook 2014, Annex Table 26. Indicators of host country capacity and contributions, end-2014
Uneven responsibility sharing for refugees Ratio of refugee population to gross domestic product per capita (PPPs)
Under 0.1Between 0.1 and 1Between 1 and 15More than 15
Migration – some key benefits
Remittances In 2014, migrants from developing countries sent home an
estimated US $436 billion in remittances, far exceeding ODA Invested in human capital (health, education, sanitation,
housing, infrastructure, etc.)
Diaspora contributions to countries of origin Transfer of knowledge and skills, trade, FDI, etc. “Brain gain”
Contribution to destination countries Filling labour market shortages Entrepreneurship, job creation Reducing old-age dependency ratios
Migration – some key challenges
Some economic costs of migration Emigration of skilled persons (“brain drain”) Lack of portability of skills and diplomas (“brain waste”) High recruitment fees High costs of transferring remittances
Some social costs of migration Migrant fatalities at borders Violations of human rights Trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants Children left behind in the country of origin Etc.
Ratification of relevant instruments indicates key migration challenges
Chart1
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Refugee Convention 1951
Refugee Protocol 1967
Migrant Worker Convention 1990
ILO Convention Migration for Employment 1949
ILO Convention Migrant Workers 1975
Human Trafficking Protocol 2000
Migrant Smuggling Protocol 2000
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Sheet1
19501951195219531954195519561957195819591960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011
Refugee Convention 19511513162022222226313641464850525357596062636464676875758088909394949799100101102104110120122125127130131133136138141142142143144144144144144145
Refugee Protocol 1967927364247515657586263707078868992939397100100102103105111120123126128131132134136138140142142143144144144144145146
Migrant Worker Convention 199023689912151719242427343740414646
ILO Convention Migration for Employment 1949126810111111111214151819222526282829292929292929303032333434343737373737373737383940404040404040414242424244464748494949
ILO Convention Migrant Workers 1975268910111313141414141414151617171717171717181818181818222323232323
Human Trafficking Protocol 2000421457795110115123131145147
Migrant Smuggling Protocol 2000420406585104109116119128135
����SESSION I��Setting the scene: �Migration trends and impactsGlobal number of international migrants �likely to increaseAsia and Europe host the largest numbers of migrants worldwideSlide Number 4Slide Number 5Who is an international migrant?�(UNDESA, 1998. Recommendation on statistics of international migration) The contribution of migration to population change – Africa and Europe comparedDemography: a powerful driver �of migration�Changes in working age population by major area, 2015 – 2050Trends in global displacementSlide Number 10Migration – some key benefitsMigration – some key challengesRatification of relevant instruments indicates key migration challenges�