Session-VII
National Initiatives for Food Security
and Nutrition-Case Studies
Bangladesh Country Paper
On
A Comprehensive Approach to Food Security: the National Food Policy Plan of Action and Country
Investment Plan
Dr Muhammad Abdur Razzaque, MPMinister for Food & Disaster Management
FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy, 12 October 2010
Outline of Presentation
• Background and context
• From National Food Security Policy framework to an investment plan
- NFP : the policy framework- NFP : the policy framework
- NFP PoA : Programming guidance
- Investment planning : CIP
• Lessons learnt
• Way forward
�Situated in the Bengal Delta at the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra
Bangladesh: Introduction
the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal
� Approximate area of 147,570 sq. km with population of about 150 million
Bangladesh: GDP share
33.1
%
17.3
49.6
%
20.2
%
29.9
%
49.9
%
1980-81 2009-10
�The GDP growth over the last five years remained around 6 percent
�Agriculture employs about 45% of labour force
17.3
%
Agriculture Industries
Services
%
Agriculture Industries
Services
The Context: The Context: FoodgrainFoodgrainProduction Production
14975 1
8789
24907
29770
32166
33159
20000
25000
30000
35000
tho
us
an
d m
etr
ic t
on
s
Total foodgrain production
Source: BBS, various years
09887
14975 1
8789
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
FY
1971-7
21972-7
31973-7
41974-7
51975-7
61976-7
71977-7
81978-7
91979-8
01980-8
11981-8
21982-8
31983-8
41984-8
51985-8
61986-8
71987-8
81988-8
91989-9
01990-9
11991-9
21992-9
31993-9
41994-9
51995-9
61996-9
71997-9
81998-9
91999-0
02000-0
12001-0
22002-0
32003-0
42004-0
52005-0
62006-0
72007-0
82008-0
92009-1
0
tho
us
an
d m
etr
ic t
on
s
The Context: Price Volatility…The Context: Price Volatility…
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
US
D/M
T
Rice price
-
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
Jan-0
6
Mar-
06
May-
06
Jul-06
Sep-0
6
Nov-
06
Jan-0
7
Mar-
07
May-
07
Jul-07
Sep-0
7
Nov-
07
Jan-0
8
Mar-
08
May-
08
Jul-08
Sep-0
8
Nov-
08
Jan-0
9
Mar-
09
May-
09
Jul-09
Sep-0
9
Nov-
09
Jan-1
0
Mar-
10
May-
10
Jul-10
Sep-1
0
US
D/M
T
Thai A1 super National rice
The Context: Price Volatility…The Context: Price Volatility…
The context: PovertyThe context: Poverty
Long term positive trend affected by the price crisis
19.5%
28.4%
40.4%
47.7%
40
50
60
Nu
mb
er
in m
illi
on
s
30%
40%
50%
% o
f to
tal
po
pu
lati
on
Source: BBS; Absolute poor < 2122 kcal/day: Hard core poor < 1805 kcal/day
19.5%
0
10
20
30
1988-89 1991-92 1995-96 2000 2005
Nu
mb
er
in m
illi
on
s
0%
10%
20%
30%
% o
f to
tal
po
pu
lati
on
Number of hard core poor Number of absolute poor
Percentage of hard core poor Percentage of absolute poor
The context: undernourishmentThe context: undernourishment
Undernutrition trends among <5 children in Bangladesh
47.8
57.4
68.3
51
65.8
51.4
64.264.6
50
60
70
80
47.8
17
13
44.6
41
43
43.1
51.448.3
42.4
14.416.7 16.6
12 12.7
10
20
30
40
50
1989/90 1992 1995 2000 2005 2007 2009
Source: 1990-2005 CMNS; 2007 BDHS; 2009 HFSNA
Pe
rce
nt
Underweight <5 Stunting <5
Wasting <5 MDG target for underweight
The Context: Growth & Malnutrition
GDP/capita
60
80
100
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
66%
GDP/capita ($)
Underweight children < 5 years
44.6%
0
20
40
0
100
200
300
400
500
1992 1995 2000 2005 2009
Economic growth alone not sufficient to improve the nutrition to meet the MDG 1 target
MDG-1 target: 33%
but not included because it was not year average
44.6%
2007
Context: Aid flow decreased
1500
2000
2500
Qu
an
tit
y ('0
00 m
t)
Food aid to Bangladesh: commitment vs disbursement (ERD. 2009)
�Food aid reduced drastically
�ODA to global agriculture reduced from 18% to 4%
0
500
1000
1500
1971/7
2
1973/7
4
1975/7
6
1977/7
8
1979/8
0
1981/8
2
1983/8
4
1985/8
6
1987/8
8
1989/9
0
1991/9
2
1993/9
4
1995/9
6
1997/9
8
1999/0
0
2001/0
2
2003/0
4
2005/0
6
2007/0
8
Qu
an
tit
y ('0
00 m
t)
Year
Total commitment Total disbursement
�Funding for family planning reduced globally (from 55% in 1995 to about 5% in 2007
Climate change impacts (IPCC)
• Average temperature changed
• Frequency and intensity of natural disasters increased
• Salinity intrusion
• Decline of precipitation resulted droughts
• Extinction of plant and animal species- loss of biodiversity• Extinction of plant and animal species- loss of biodiversity
• Sea-level rise by one meter in the current century, likely to:
– one third of the country’s land under threat of salt water inundation
– loss of livelihoods of 40 million people
– 20 million might need relocation by 2050
FloodFlood
Drought
CycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCycloneCyclone
Context: Context: Environmental Environmental
vulnerabilitiesvulnerabilities
Context: Climate change & disaster impacts ….
Crops, business, fish ponds, rural houses, livestock/poultry, fishing boats
Promoting Food SecurityPromoting Food Security
Achieving MDG 1 and the World Food Summit target requires policy commitment and
investments.FOOD SECURITY POLICIES should:
• flexibly adjust to the changing market situationsituation
• combine short term and structural responses, i.e. twin track approach
• be comprehensive including: - availability and stability of supply- economic, social and physical access- food utilization for safe and balanced nutrition
••The National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008The National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008--15) 15)
Bangladesh Food Security
Policy Frameworks
••The National Food Policy (2006)The National Food Policy (2006)
••National Agricultural Policy 1999National Agricultural Policy 1999••National Fisheries/Livestock PolicyNational Fisheries/Livestock Policy••National Plan of Action for Nutrition National Plan of Action for Nutrition ••PRSPPRSP--IIII••Other relevant sectoral policiesOther relevant sectoral policies
••Bangladesh Country Investment Plan 2010Bangladesh Country Investment Plan 2010
Approved by the FPMC
on 5 August 2008
The NFP Plan of Action (2008-15)
Officially launched on 28 May 2009
with the participation of USA and EC Ambassadors
A major step towards a coordinated implementation and monitoring of the NFP, and better
alignment of DPs’ interventions, in line with Paris Declaration on Aid
Effectiveness and Accra commitments
26 areas of intervention and 314 actions
Consistent with other policies/plans
The NFP Plan of Action (2008-15)
Emanates from wider participation and
consultative process
Target/result oriented
It is the result of a policy process started in 1999
The The PoAPoA ApproachApproach
Balance between short term (subsidies, safety nets, PFDS) and medium/long term (agricultural productivity, diversification, employment etc)
Increased climate risks
Sustained efforts towards better nutrition and health (diet diversification, food safety etc) as part of food utilization strategies
Development of effective Food security Information and Early Warning systems for informed policy-making and programming
The Monitoring Report 2009
Assess implementation progress:(a)NFP three core objectives(b)26 PoA areas of intervention
Monitoring the Monitoring the PoAPoA……
•Based on a “Roadmap” produced through consultation•Consultations of the Technical Teams on indicators, data etc. •Recent studies by Civil Society institutions
Prepared under Government leadership, with NFPCSP assistance
NFP NFP PoAPoA Monitoring Monitoring Institutional SettingInstitutional Setting
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC)
Food Policy Working Group [12 member Interministerial Committee]
Supporting Professionals
Interministerial Committee]
Four Technical Teams (Availability, Social access, Economic access, Nutrition
Approved on 14 June 2010following:• the Food Security Investment Forum, May 26-27 2010 • extensive consultations within government and development
Country Investment PlanCountry Investment Plan
government and development partners•translation of the Plan of Action, relevant policy frameworks, six technical papers
Enabled Bangladesh to qualify as the first Asian country for US $ 52.5 million grant under the GAFSP
CIP Comprehensiveness….
• Integrated research and extension - focus on climate change
• Improved water management and irrigation
• Sustained agricultural inputs
• Fisheries development programme
• Livestock development programme
• Markets, agriculture value addition, non-farm income
CIP Comprehensiveness
• Capacity strengthening to formulate and implementfood policies and related investments
• Enhanced public food management systems
• Development of integrated multi year safety net programmeprogramme
• Community based nutrition activities through livelihood development
• Orientation of food and nutrition actions through information/data
• Food safety and quality improvement
CIP: Costs and Gaps (US$ million)
Prog. no Currently projected financing Total Cost Financing Gap
1 175 1,559 984
2 813 1,186 373
3 171 890 453
4 98 1,091 993
5 109 624 5155 109 624 515
6 560 1,082 522
7 24 107 83
8 359 625 266
9 435 1,665 1,230
10 230 1,254 1,024
11 0 50 50
12 11 187 176
Total 2,984 10,054 7,070
GoB efforts: Agriculture production
�Input support to farmers
�Reduced prices of non urea fertilizer
�Reduced price of diesel
�Increased electricity supply for irrigation
�Input availability made easierRecord harvests
�Input availability made easier
�Cards for direct subsidy provision
�Increased provision of credit
�Process made easier (at door steps)
�Bank account for farmers (at taka 10)
�Output price support increased: intervention buying
�Others: Piloted salinity resistant and short duration variety; Allocated fund for research
harvests
GoB efforts : Public Food Management
�Increased domestic Procurement of Food grain:From 1.34 MMT in 2008-09 to 1.6 MMT in 2009-10
�Increased size of Public distribution: 1.3 MMT in 2007-08 to 2.16 MMT in 2008-09 and 2.67 MMT in 2009-10 (budget)2009-10 (budget)
�Increased Safety Net Programs: from 2.6 % of GDP (in 2008-09) to 2.8% of GDP (in 2009-10)
�Initiative for increasing storage capacity: 2.2 MMT by next 3-4 years; 3.0 MMT by 2020
GoB efforts : Disaster
Management
�Paradigm shift: relief >> risk reduction >>development
��Policy and Planning ReformsPolicy and Planning Reforms:: NDMAP,NDMAP, Revised SoD, Draft DM Act, DM Corporate Plan, DRR in Dev. Planning; Comprehensive Disaster Management programme
��Strengthening DM and Risk Reduction CapacityStrengthening DM and Risk Reduction Capacity: : Learning and Learning and Development Strategy, Standardized toolDevelopment Strategy, Standardized tool--CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, Development Strategy, Standardized toolDevelopment Strategy, Standardized tool--CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, CRA Guidelines/ RRAPs, Strengthening DMIC & DMCsStrengthening DMIC & DMCs
��Nurturing partnershipNurturing partnership:: GOGO--NGO, GONGO, GO--DP, GODP, GO--PrivatePrivate
��Enhancing community level capacityEnhancing community level capacity
��Structural measuresStructural measures:: 2,023 cyclone shelters; 200 flood shelters; 2,023 cyclone shelters; 200 flood shelters; 4,000 km coastal embankment ; drainage channels 4,774 km4,000 km coastal embankment ; drainage channels 4,774 km
�� Non structural measuresNon structural measures:: Training and Awareness, Training and Awareness, Cyclone Preparedness Programme, Disaster volunteers
GoB efforts: Towards Nutrition
�Diversification of crop agriculture
��Fisheries and Livestock initiativesFisheries and Livestock initiatives
��Scale up nutrition programmesScale up nutrition programmes��Scale up nutrition programmesScale up nutrition programmes
��Improving health care/service deliveryImproving health care/service delivery
��Food safety initiativesFood safety initiatives
Lessons learnt…..
• Adequate availability of food is necessary but not sufficient, improving access through safety nets and PFDS needs to be strengthened
• Investment in multi sectoral/multi stakeholder consultative processconsultative process
• Knowledge based dialogue - key to improveddecision making and consensus building
• Policy and programming documents should be‘dynamic’
• Nationally owned Food Policy and Programming Frameworks –cornerstones for aligning investment planning
Lessons learnt-Global food crisis
Global Food Crisis 2007 & 2008Recent forecast of wheat production shortfall and
Russian ban in exports
•Added to volatility and uncertainty in imports•Increase and sustain domestic food production
through increased investment in agriculture•Strengthen Public Food Management capacity
•Improve regional and bilateral cooperation
Lessons learnt
• Investment planning to be followed up byproactive resource mobilization
• Institutional set up for co-ordination at policy,technical and operational levels
• Strengthening capacity of implementation is also• Strengthening capacity of implementation is alsonecessary alongside policy capacity
• Coordination among development partners isneeded for aligning with GoB priorities
• Technical assistance plays a significant role in building capacities for policy making and implementation
Way Forward….
• Translating the achievements needs more strategic multi-sectoral approach
• The National Food Policy and Plan of Actionprovide the reference policy framework for this provide the reference policy framework for this multi-sectoral approach
• The Country investment Plan serves as the framework for mobilizing additional resources in the context of renewed international commitmentto support food security, agriculture and nutrition.
Way Forward
• The challenge is to achieve development results by sustaining the commitment of all stakeholders at all stages of the policy process, implementation, monitoring and evaluation monitoring and evaluation
• Development partners need to align resource mobilisation with our country’s policies, priorities and institutional frameworks
• CFS can play a role in providing technical support for elaboration of investments, do advocacy for earning DPs support and assist fine tuning policies
Thank you all
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