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Session 3: Session 3: Audio editing, Audio editing, Hardware, & time-linkingHardware, & time-linking
University of California at Santa Barbara, June 24-27, 2008
Arienne M. DwyerUniversity of Kansas
Yoshi OnoUniversity of Alberta
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Overview
I. Homework & Session 2 recap Editing in Audacity: chopping, looping ... File naming
II. Analog capture (review) III. Hardware (part 2)
recording devices microphone types and placement
IV. Time-linking + Analysis: Transcriber
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Audio editing Homework from yesterday
From your recording, chop the following: Two whole utterances Any two words from these utterances Any two sounds
Save each of these with systematic names e.g. if the original full-length recording file is called
SA001.wav or SA25Jun08.wav, then.... How to name the utterances, words, & sounds? ISO 639-3 codes (3 letter universal lang codes)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Exercise on systematic file naming
File name should be unique Should be compact yet explanatory
Language code Date Other information (recordist or speaker, etc.)
Should indicate if it’s a part of another audio file (e.g. with ...a, b, c.wav or a timecode)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Cutting utterances, words, and sounds:
Use icons or the following shortcuts Cntrl-X [cut] or Cntrl-C [copy] File-New, Cntrl-V [paste] then save under a new name Other: Cntrl-t [Trim, removes material outside
the selection]; Undo; Trim Silence selection (e.g. to remove a long pause or goat noises from recording); Zoom (+/-) on magnifying glass icon; Loop [Shift-Play]
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Tips
Pause, amplitude, length Weak signal, clipping, white noise Utterance boundaries may have long pauses sonorants have big, fat waveforms, esp
vowels
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Analog capture review
Attach sound card to laptop & player Open audio editing software (e.g. Audacity) Testing: Adjust & monitor the recording level (Troubleshoot computer’s audio settings); rewind audio to
start Capture (while wearing headphones): (1) On player, press Pause & Play(2) In editing software, push the record & pause buttons(3) Release both pauses and let ‘er rip! Monitor levels(4) Stop software, and save.
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Analog capture review
If you have... Reel-to-reel tapes >> bring to professional Cassettes >> professional or d.i.y.
Professional: usually expensive but quality Do-it-yourself
Need cassette player, cable, linear sound card, Audacity Laptop capture (via external card) Desktop capture (via internal or ext. card)
Do not use the built-in sound card of the desktop! Either have a linear sound card built in, or Attach an external sound card to your desktop
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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III. Hardware
Device & technique overview, part 2 Recording devices Microphone types Microphone placement
All of this (and more) is on the handout
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Lossless digital devices (1)
Recommend devices: solid-state recorders Edirol R09(HR) Marantz PMD660: reliable but must change factory defaults to wav & turn off automatic level control and internal mic
Samson Zoom H4ok but sl. noisy & difficult controls (not really recommended: M-audio)ok but non-replaceable battery
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Recommended Devices (2)
New solid-state recorders which look good, but we haven’t tested them
Marantz PMD 620 Sony PCM D50 Olympus LS-10 Tascam DR-1 Fostex FR2 LE
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Other digital recorders (Less recommended)
DAT recorders – great quality, but capture is time-consuming and will soon be obsolete Capture: digital out + special cable(if Sony, need optical cable)
mp3 - designed for putting music in Capture: must have a digital out to be at all useful iPod, Zune, many small music players
Also Minidisc
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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mp3 devices (cont’d): iPods
Older models recorded at 8 kHz. Newer models (in the last 9 months) can
indeed record stereo 16bit/44.1kHz audio iPod Classic & earlier hard drive-based iPod iPod Video (=Gen 5)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Obsolete Recording Devices
Obsolete: reel-to-reel
Obsolete, except when there’s no alternative: analog cassette recorder
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Microphones: Characteristics
Mono vs. Stereo Mono: one channel Stereo: two, from stereo mike or two mono mikes
Dynamic (does not need power, durable, good for loudness)
Condenser (needs power, more sensitive) Battery; plug-in power from device; phantom power (XLR) Pickup pattern
Omnidirectional (sound from most all directions) Directional (picks up sound from one main direction)
Cardioid, hypercardioid (heart-shaped pickup)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Some common mics
Shotgun (US$50-$3000 and up)A highly-directive microphone with a narrow elliptical pattern and
extremely reduced pickup from the sides and rear. Lavalier (clip-on) ($100-350)A miniature microphone that is usually worn fastened to clothing
somewhere near the user's mouth. Also referred to as a lapel (or clip-on) microphone. But so-so sound
Headset mics ($60 and up) Advantages: Makes excellent quality recordings, as it follows the
speaker's movements Disadvantages: Can seem invasive for speakers
Boundary (not usually used for linguistics; can be good for people sitting around a table)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Microphone pickup characteristics
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Mic pickup patterns
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Shotgun microphones: uses
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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“Fur” windscreen
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Microphone techniques
Site assessment (in advance) - acoustics Turn off TVs, fans, florescent lights, fridges, clocks that ring or tick
loudly, cell phones If boisterous, you could hang a mic from a rafter with a long cable
If the room echoes, hang cloth on wall Using one microphone (and in general)
Keep mics close to speaker/singer Use foam filter to prevent pops from mouth Use “fur” filter for windy conditions Avoid placing mic directly on hard surface
Use a tripod and/or put cloth or towel on table
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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IV. Audio Analysis
Annotation software: Transcriber and other tools Basics; Analytic methods; Export methods Hands-on practice, including bringing
transcriptions into another piece of software (e.g. MS-Word, Excel, etc).
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Types of Software
Audio editing Audio analysis
Acoustic (e.g. phonetic) analysis - Spectrogram, f0, intensity
Time-linking + annotation (audio only) Time-linking + annotation (audio + video)
Consider: Proprietary ($$, code is business secret) vs. non-proprietary (usually free, open source); platform
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Audio Editing Software
Non-Proprietary (shareware, freeware) Audacity, Goldwave, SoundEdit.......
Proprietary (can be exp., but greater functionality) SoundForge, Cold Fusion...
Proprietary (but often bundled w/DVD drive) WaveLabLite, ....
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Audio analysis software
Acoustic analysis (e.g. for phonetics) Praat - also allows light editing & some
programming (taught in this workshop) WinPitch
Time-linking + annotation (audio) – Transcriber (taught in this workshop) SoundIndex, ...
Time-linking + annotation (audio + video) ELAN (taught here), Eclipse, EXMARALDA
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Transcriber
Advantages: stable, easy, for whole sessions Disadvantages: one annotation tier only; Mac
version not very good
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Transcriber: Settings
Open Transcriber & one of your audio filesText window: Topic/Session; Speaker; TurnAudio window: controls, waveform, trsJumps to audio+transcription at cursor [play]
Settings: encoding & fonts Options – General – Encoding – UTF-8 (usually)
Options – Events – Fonts – Text – ArUnicode Options – Save Configuration
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Encoding problems in Western Latin (instead: set Options – General – UTF-8)
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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What can you do with Transcriber?
Time-aligned text in any (L-to-R?) encoding; Extra/Para-linguistic features (laughter;
codeswitching) Latin-script example CJK (Asian character) example
Speech overlap (mostly) English-language example
...demo...
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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Exercise
Transcribe your own short recording: Open a new transcription (File – New) Open audio (Cntrl-A or File-Open Audio) Fill in the headers by clicking on them:
Report (=topic); Speaker (name or code) Listen to first unit (phrase or utterance) Stop cursor with [Tab], and type after green dot; then (with cursor at end of text line) hit [Enter]
Save your transcription file (...trs).
June 24-27, 2008 &June 30-Jul 3, 2008
Dwyer/Ono Audio 3: Editing, Hardware, & Time-linking
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So...
If you have time, Practice annotating in Transcriber
(non-keyboard characters must be pasted from another program)
Zoom is “Resolution” (Alt-9=higher, Alt-0=low) Practice chopping with Audacity
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