GSHP Unit
• Heat Pump Components
-Compressor
-Refrigerant Reversing Valve
-Fluid Heat Exchanger (Coax)
-Metering Device (TXV)
-Air Heat Exchanger (Air Coil)
- Electrical Controls
Heating Cycle
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil Reversing
Valve
To
DHW Tank
To Loop
Source
COAXExpansion
Device Coax
HWG
Refrigeration Circuit
10/10/28/05vcbrev3
Option
Heat of Extraction/Rejection
• No refrigeration gauges needed
• Verifies equipment performance by measuring amount of heat being rejected and extracted
• Water pressure gauge and digital thermometer needed
• Compare numbers to factory catalog
• Use pressure/temperature (PT) ports at unit
• Use HE / HR worksheet
• Note: Always Disconnect HWG Pump during this checkout
Water Side Performance Check
Steps in Diagnostic Performance Check
Always Start up new
unit(s) in the Cooling
Mode at the initial
Start Up
Disable HWG Pump
Steps in Diagnostic Performance Check
Disable
desuperheater per
manufacturer
recommendations
Always allow the unit to operate approx. 15 minutes (Run Time) before collecting Temperatures and Pressures to allow
“Steady State” conditions to occur with the system
Steps in Diagnostic Performance Check
Formula Basics
• Delta T: Temperature Difference between Entering
and Leaving Water -> EWT - LWT = dT
• GPM (dP = Pressure Differential between EWT and
LWT - dP converts to GPM using pressure drop table
for each unit at the correct EWT) -> EWP - LWP =
dP
• Fluid Factor is the ability of a solution to transfer
heat in a certain period of time.
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater Hot Water Generator off before checking equipment
performance
Q (BTUH) = dT X GPM X Fluid FactorHE and HR
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
HWG
RVExpansion
Device CoaxCoaxFilter
Dryer
FP2
Liquid
°F °F
40 PSI
SAT°F
°F °F
40°F 34°F
45.5 PSI
°F
PSI
12/22/05Rev3vcb
SC =
-
SH =
-
Heating CycleTTV038 Full load Methanol 1250 CFM
°F
SAT°FPSI
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor
Water Side Unit Performance
• HE = ______ X ______ X ______
• HE = ______BTU’s
• Specification is______BTU’s
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater (Hot Water Generator) off before checking
unit performance
HE = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
HWG
RVExpansion
Device CoaxCoaxFilter
Dryer
FP2
Liquid
°F °F
40 PSI
SAT°F
°F °F
40°F 34°F
45.5 PSI
°F
PSI
12/22/05Rev3vcb
SC =
-
SH =
-
Heating CycleTTV038 Full load Methanol 1250 CFM
°F
SAT°FPSI
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor ?
?
Use hand out
Water Side Unit Performance Check
• HE = 6 X ______ X _______
• HE = _______BTU’s
• Spec. is_____________BTU’s
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater (Hot Water Generator) off before
checking unit performance
PCA0404290126
HE/HR = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
HWG
RVExpansion
Device CoaxCoaxFilter
Dryer
FP2
Liquid
°F °F
40 PSI
SAT°F
°F °F
40°F 34°F
45.5 PSI
°F
PSI
12/22/05Rev3vcb
SC =
-
SH =
-
Heating CycleTTV038 Full load Methanol 1250 CFM
°F
SAT°FPSI
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor
Use Handout Worksheet
6
5.5
Water Side Unit Performance Check
• HE = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
• HE = 6 X 9 gpm X 485(antifreeze)
• HE = ___________BTU’s
• Specification is_____________BTU’s
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater (Hot Water Generator) off before checking
equipment performance
PCA0404290126
HE/HR = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
• HE = 6 X 9 gpm X 485
• HE = 26,190 BTU’s
• Specification is_______ BTU’s
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater (Hot Water Generator) off
before checking equipment performance.
PCA0404290126
Water Side Unit Performance Check
HE/HR = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
• HE = 6 X 9 gpm X 485
• HE = 26,190 BTU’s
• Specification is 26,800 BTU’s
ALWAYS Turn Desuperheater (Hot Water Generator) off
before checking equipment performance
PCA0404290126
Water Side Unit Performance Check
HE/HR = dT X GPM X Fluid Factor
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Desuperheater
Condenses
Sub Cools
Air
Coil
Liquid
HWG
Saturated
Liquid
Pressure drop
Flash gas
Temperature drop
Evaporation
Super Heat
Increases Pressure
Increase Temperature
Super Heats
Vapor
RV
Vapor
To
DHW Tank
To Loop
Source
Expansion
Device
Heating Cycle
CoaxCoax
Vapor
2/14/06vcb
Tech 1 Page 6 Figure 2
Properties of refrigerant in
the Heating Cycle
(°F) (°F) (°F) (°F) (°F)
R410A R22 R410A R22 R410A R22 R410A R22 R410A R22
-40 11.6 0.5 0 48.7 23.9 40 118.0 68.5 80 235.3 143.6 120 417.7 259.8
-39 12.2 0.9 1 49.9 24.8 41 120.3 69.9 81 239.0 145.9 121 423.2 263.4
-38 12.9 1.3 2 51.2 25.6 42 122.6 71.4 82 242.7 148.3 122 428.8 266.9
-37 13.5 1.7 3 52.5 26.4 43 125.0 72.9 83 246.5 150.7 123 434.5 270.5
-36 14.2 2.2 4 53.8 27.3 44 127.3 74.5 84 250.3 153.2 124 440.2 274.2
-35 14.9 2.6 5 55.2 28.2 45 129.7 76.0 85 254.1 155.6 125 445.9 277.9
-34 15.6 3.0 6 56.6 29.1 46 132.3 77.6 86 258.0 158.1 126 451.8 281.6
-33 16.3 3.5 7 58.0 30.0 47 134.6 79.1 87 262.0 160.6 127 457.6 285.3
-32 17.0 3.9 8 59.4 30.9 48 137.1 80.7 88 266.0 163.2 128 463.5 289.1
-31 17.8 4.4 9 60.9 31.8 49 139.6 82.4 89 270.0 165.8 129 469.5 292.9
-30 18.5 4.9 10 62.3 32.8 50 142.2 84.0 90 274.1 168.4 130 475.6 296.7
-29 19.3 5.4 11 63.8 33.7 51 144.8 85.7 91 278.2 171.0 131 481.6 300.6
-28 20.1 5.8 12 65.4 34.7 52 147.4 87.3 92 282.3 173.6 132 487.8 304.5
-27 20.9 6.4 13 66.9 35.7 53 150.1 89.1 93 286.5 176.3 133 494.0 308.5
-26 21.7 6.9 14 68.6 36.7 54 152.8 90.8 94 290.8 179.0 134 500.2 312.0
-25 22.5 7.4 15 70.0 37.7 55 155.6 92.5 95 295.1 181.7 135 506.5 316.0
-24 23.4 7.9 16 71.7 38.7 56 158.2 94.3 96 299.4 184.5 136 512.9 320.0
-23 24.2 8.5 17 73.3 39.8 57 161.0 96.1 97 303.8 187.3 137 519.3 324.0
-22 25.1 9.0 18 75.0 40.8 58 163.9 97.9 98 308.2 190.1 138 525.8 328.0
-21 26.0 9.6 19 76.6 41.9 59 166.7 99.7 99 312.7 193.0 139 532.4 333.0
-20 26.9 10.1 20 78.3 43.0 60 169.6 101.6 100 317.2 195.9 140 539.0 337.0
-19 27.8 10.7 21 80.1 44.1 61 172.6 103.5 101 321.8 198.8 141 545.6 341.0
-18 28.7 11.3 22 81.8 45.3 62 175.5 105.4 102 326.4 201.7 142 552.3 345.0
-17 29.7 11.9 23 83.6 46.4 63 178.5 107.3 103 331.0 204.7 143 559.1 350.0
-16 30.7 12.5 24 85.4 47.6 64 181.6 109.2 104 335.7 207.7 144 565.9 354.0
-15 31.7 13.2 25 87.3 48.7 65 184.3 111.2 105 340.5 210.7 145 572.8 358.0
-14 32.7 13.8 26 89.1 49.9 66 187.7 113.2 106 345.3 213.8 146 579.8 363.0
-13 33.7 14.4 27 91.0 51.1 67 190.9 115.2 107 350.1 216.8 147 586.8 367.0
-12 34.7 15.1 28 92.9 52.4 68 194.1 117.2 108 355.0 222.0 148 593.8 372.0
-11 35.8 15.8 29 94.9 53.6 69 197.3 119.3 109 360.0 223.1 149 601.0 376.0
-10 36.8 16.5 30 96.8 54.9 70 200.6 121.4 110 365.0 226.3 150 608.1 381.0
-9 37.9 17.2 31 98.8 56.2 71 203.9 123.5 111 370.0 229.5 151 615.4 386.0
-8 39.0 17.9 32 100.8 57.5 72 207.2 125.6 112 375.1 232.7 152 622.7 390.0
-7 40.2 18.6 33 102.9 58.8 73 210.6 127.8 113 380.2 236.0 153 630.1 395.0
-6 41.3 19.3 34 105.0 60.1 74 214.0 130.0 114 385.4 239.3 154 637.5 400.0
-5 52.4 20.0 35 107.1 61.5 75 217.4 132.2 115 390.7 242.7 155 645.0 405.0
-4 43.7 20.8 36 109.2 62.8 76 220.9 134.4 116 396.0 246.0 156 652.5 409.0
-3 44.9 21.6 37 111.4 64.2 77 224.4 136.7 117 401.3 249.4 157 660.2 414.0
-2 46.1 22.4 38 113.6 65.6 78 228.0 138.9 118 406.7 252.9 158 667.3 419.0
-1 47.3 23.1 39 115.8 67.0 79 231.6 141.3 119 412.2 256.3 159 675.6 424.0
160 683.4 429.0
PSIGPSIG PSIG PSIG PSIG
11/16/05vcb
Temperature - Pressure ChartR410A - R22
Liquid Line - Filter Drier
On Every R410A Unit
The same desiccant (XH-11) MUST BE used as replacement
ANYTIME Refrigerant Circuit has been Opened.
Typical TXV Cutaway
10/29/05REV3vcb
Diaphragm
Valve Seat
Pushrods
Pin
Bulb Pressure
Opens Valve
Evaporator Pressure
Closes ValveSpring Pressure
Superheat
Su
ctio
n L
ine
Tech1 Figure 6 page 10
Closes Valve
TXV Pressure Force Balance
Force Description:
1. (opening force): Pressure
exerted on top of diaphragm
and created by the temperature
of the bulb and refrigerant in
the charge.
2. (closing force): Suction
pressure exerted under
diaphragm
3. (closing force): Factory preset
superheat spring
4. (opening force): Liquid
pressure acting on pin area.
This force is eliminated in the
balanced port construction.
1
2
3
4
Diaphragm
Rules of Movement
1 + 4 > 2 + 3 Valve will move open
1 + 4 < 2 + 3 Valve will move close
1 + 4 = 2 + 3 Valve will stay in position
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
FP2
Liquid
HWG
Reversing
ValveExpansion
Device CoaxCoaxFilter
Dryer
92°F
PSI
SAT
70°F 90°F
30°F °F
PSI
160°F
290 PSI
TXV - Example Problem - 1
37°F
SAT°F74 PSI
12/22/05REV3vcb
SH =
-
SC =
-
TTV038 Heating
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor
°F
Use Handout Worksheet
28
038 Heating
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
FP2
Liquid
HWG
Reversing
ValveExpansion
Device CoaxCoax
12/22/05Rev5vcb
Filter
Dryer
92°F °F
PSI
94 SAT °F
70°F 90°F
30°F
PSI
160°F
290 PSI
TXV - Example Problem - 2
37°F
17 SAT°F74 PSI
SH =
-
SC =
-
TTV038 Heating
28°F
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor
Use Handout Worksheet
Need to know
EWT 30
Superheat
subcool
Get your saturation temps
Suction
Compressor
Discharge
Air
Coil
FP2
Liquid
HWG
Reversing
ValveExpansion
Device CoaxCoax
12/22/05Rev4vcb
Filter
Dryer
92°F
PSI
94 SAT °F
70°F 90°F
30°F 28°F
160°F
290 PSI
TXV - Example Problem - 3
37°F
17 SAT°F74 PSI
TTV038 Heating
PSISH = 37
- 17
SC = 94
- 92
20 2
°F
Saturated
Liquid Line
FP1
Sensor
Use Handout Worksheet
Need to know
EWT 30
Do your math
Evacuation
• Deep Vacuum Method
– Preferred Method
– Pump must be capable of 500 micron vacuum
– Must use micron gauge
• Triple Evacuation
– Only if pump cannot attain 500 microns
– Not covered by warranty labor
PCM0404290064
R-410A Review
• R-410A Refrigerant Operates at 50%-70% Higher Pressures than R-22
– Be Sure that Servicing Equipment and Replacement Components are Designed to Operate with R-410A.
• R-410A Systems Should be Charged with Liquid Refrigerant
– Use a Metering Device (Throttling Valve) in the Manifold Hose
PCM0404290070
R-410A Review
• POE Oils Absorb Moisture Rapidly
– Do not Expose Oil to Atmosphere
• Wrap All Filter Driers and Valves (TXV,
Reversing Valve) with Wet Cloth when
Brazing
• Do not Use any R-22 Replacement
Components Unless Approved for R-410A
PCM0404290072
R-410A Review
• Always Use Dry Nitrogen when Brazing
• Replace Filter Drier when System is Opened
• Do not Vent R-410A Into the Atmosphere
PCM0404290073
Liquid Line Drier
100% Molecular Sieve only*
- Must be XH-11 desiccant
- Only Way to Get Moisture to Acceptable
Level
ALWAYS Replace Filter Drier When
System is Opened
Suction Line Drier Should Be Used Only in
Burn-Out (for Short Time)*Activated alumina can remove the R32 molecule
PBR0404290041
POE Oil and Moisture
• Always Change Filter Drier When System is
Opened
• Use Pump to Transfer Oil (Don’t Pour Oil)
• Containers of POE Oil Should Not be Reused
if not Needed Immediately
• Immediately Seal All Components
• Pulling a Vacuum Does not Remove All
Water Trapped in the Oil
POE Oil and Moisture
• Filter Drier is the Only Way to Remove Moisture from the Oil
• Oil Smells Like Coconut Suntain Oil
• Avoid Exposure to Skin– Over-exposure Can Cause Skin Irritation and/or
Redness
– Use Vinyl or Nitrile Gloves (not Latex)
R-410A
Refrigerant Charging
• Field Charging
– Preferred Charging Method is to Charge Liquid Refrigerant Before Starting the Unit.
• Correct Amount of Refrigerant Should be Weighed in
• Liquid Charging is Faster
– Vapor Charging was Recommended in the Past for Small Systems
• Can be Appropriate for R-410A with Proper Tools (See Next Slide)
Liquid Charging
in Vapor Line
Throttling Valve Allows Liquid
Refrigerant to be Throttled (Added
as a Vapor) to the Low Side.
Duct Installation
• Size to handle airflow quietly-400 cfm/ton
• Flexible Duct Connectors recommended for
metal duct systems
• Use internal lining to minimize blower noise in
both supply and return plenums
• Inspect duct system for proper size, sealing, and
delivery of proper air distribution.
• Always inspect system.
• ACCA Manual D should apply to duct Design
Unit Installation
Vertical Unit Installation
Oversize supply plenums, use start collarsizes sent with unit. Use transitional takeoffs/good duct design for proper air flow
H/V Packaged IOM Page 19
DO NOT oversize supply plenums. Use"take off" collar included with unit. Usetransistional take-off's with good ductdesign for proper airflow.
Size S/A Plenum to MatchMain Trunk for ProperDuct Design and Good AirFlow.
Use Air Pad PNASP30 or polystyreneinsulation board forquietest operation.Bricks, blocks orvibration pads.
Internally insulate returntransistion duct to reducenoise
Rounded returntransistion
Use turning vanes insupply transistion
Internally insulate supplytrunk for first 4' each wayto reduce noise.
12/23/05vcb
Flexible canvas ductconnector to reducenoise and vibration
VERY IMPORTANT
Ground-Water Heat Pump Applications
Basic Design Rules:
Well Water Requirements
- EWT > 55 deg. F - 1.5 GPM/Ton
- EWT < 50 deg. F – 2.0 GPM/Ton
Example:
(EWT 50 deg. F 3 ton unit @ 2 GPM = 6 GPM
required)
- Water Well Capacity (max. GPM) should be
verified before application
- Water Quality should be verified before
application (compare results to Standards as
published in IOM)
Taco Water ValveWiring Diagram
R Water Source Unit
Low Voltage Terminal
Strip
C
Thermostat
Y
12
3
Y
AVM
Taco ValveHeater Switch
C
Ground Loop Heat Pump Applications
Always be on the alert for this, make sure you and your contractors
use new, clean containers. Check Product MSDS Sheets for details.
Design all Closed Loops Here
Methanol Specific Gravity
Freeze Protection - Degrees °F
Methanol
Flow Controller 2 IOM Chart 1A Page 8
Unit Installation
Hot Water Generator (HWG)
• Electric Domestic Water Tanks best. If using Gas
or Oil use “Pre-Heat” tank.
• Use 50 gallon (minimum) Electric Storage tank
• Maximum piping not to exceed 50 ft.
• Use 5/8 O.D. Copper Tubing or larger
• Insulate HWG piping with Closed Cell Insulation
(3/8 min.)
• HWG option is separate-factory installed (except
Outdoor unit) “Double Wall, Vented” Coaxial Heat
Exchanger suitable for Potable use.
Unit Installation
Hot Water Generator (HWG)
Initial Start Up & Check out
• Purge air from piping…open valves before energizing
HWG pump
• Confirm DHW Tank lower heating element thermostat is
set at 100 degree °F or lowest setting
• After unit has operated 10-15 minutes, connect 230V
HWG Pump wiring to unit HWG “PB1” terminals
• Adjust HWG piping valves until apx. 5-10 deg F rise
between HWG Water In/Water Out is achieved. (This will
yield approximately 0.4 gpm/ton flow rate)
Double Wall Vented HWG
Coaxial Heat Exchanger
Use this text to
reference its safe for
direct use with Potable
water systems
Usually, it will satisfy
most inspectors
concerned with
possible cross
contamination or
liability issues
• Same “footprint” as single
speed compressor
• Thicker shell than R22
version
• Anti-rotation device to
insure quiet operation
• Solenoid closes gas bypass
ports and increases
capacity to 100% from 67%
• R-410A compressors have
lower failure rates than R22
Copeland UltraTech
Solenoid Valve
AC/DC
converter
“unloading”
control
How to check the molded plug (two pin)
Voltage Check: Apply control voltage to the plug wires (18 to 28 VAC).
The measured dc voltage at the female connectors in the plug should be around 15 to 27 vdc.
Electric Heat Staging JumpersMeasure 18/24 VDC at W1 & 24V on 1st Stage Aux
Measure 18/24 VDC at W2 & 24V on 2nd Stage Aux
DC
ECM Info
P1 to P15 = 14.7 VAC
P1 to P6 w Y1 Call = 14.7 VAC
P1 to P14 w Y2 Call = 14.7 VAC
P1 to P2 w W Call = 14.7 VAC
P1 to P5 = 15.1 VAC
P1 to P4 Delay = 15.1 VAC
P1 to P7 in Normal Position = “O” VAC
P1 to P7 in Plus Position = 15.1 VAC
P1 to P7 in Minus Position = 15.1 VAC
P1 to P8 = “0” VAC
P1 to P9 w No Call from “O” = “0” VAC
P1 to P9 w Call from “O” = 14.6 VAC
P1 to P10 w Power to HP = 27.9 VAC
P1 to P11 w Power to HP = 15.4 VAC
P1 to P12 = 27.9 VAC
P1 to P13 = “0” to 3.9 VAC
P1 to P16 w “G” Call = 6.6 VAC
P1 to P16 No “G” Call = “0” VAC
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