SENTENCE ELEMENTSSENTENCE ELEMENTS
CLAUSE ANALYSISCLAUSE ANALYSIS SENTENCESSENTENCES
INDEPENDENT MAIN CLAUSEINDEPENDENT MAIN CLAUSE
Group of words that carry main idea Group of words that carry main idea of the sentenceof the sentence
Always has subject and main verbAlways has subject and main verb Makes sense on its ownMakes sense on its own
Eg Billy loves ClaireEg Billy loves Claire
DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) DEPENDENT (SUBORDINATE) CLAUSECLAUSE
Adds extra information about the subject Adds extra information about the subject in the independent main clausein the independent main clause
Also has subject and a main verbAlso has subject and a main verb Dependent clause is incompleteDependent clause is incomplete Is dependent on the IMC for meaningIs dependent on the IMC for meaning Is subordinate to it in importanceIs subordinate to it in importance
Eg Although Claire loved Paul, she went Eg Although Claire loved Paul, she went back to her husbandback to her husband
PHRASESPHRASES
Group of words that adds further Group of words that adds further information about the MC or DCinformation about the MC or DC
Phrases have no verb at all, or have a Phrases have no verb at all, or have a verb in form of present or past participleverb in form of present or past participle
Eg however, fortunately, on the other Eg however, fortunately, on the other handhand
Talking about poetry, having painted the Talking about poetry, having painted the picture, having won the prizepicture, having won the prize
SIMPLE SENTENCESIMPLE SENTENCE
Consists of a simple independent Consists of a simple independent main clausemain clause
Eg the dog barkedEg the dog barked
COMPOUND SENTENCECOMPOUND SENTENCE
Consists of two or more simple Consists of two or more simple sentences joined together, usually by sentences joined together, usually by conjunctions such as ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘but.conjunctions such as ‘and’, ‘as’, ‘but.
As long as there is only one verb it is a As long as there is only one verb it is a simple sentencesimple sentence
Eg the dog barked and the baby woke Eg the dog barked and the baby woke upup
Eg in the middle of the night, the dog Eg in the middle of the night, the dog barkedbarked
COMPLEX SENTENCECOMPLEX SENTENCE
Consists of one or more independent Consists of one or more independent main clauses, and one or more main clauses, and one or more dependent clausesdependent clauses
Eg the dog barked because it was Eg the dog barked because it was lonelylonely
SENTENCE MOODSENTENCE MOOD
Main clauses can have one of three Main clauses can have one of three moodsmoods
Declarative is used to make Declarative is used to make statementsstatements
Imperative is used to issue Imperative is used to issue orders/commandsorders/commands
Interrogative is used to ask questionsInterrogative is used to ask questions
TENSESTENSES
Present participle – ends in ‘ing’Present participle – ends in ‘ing’ Past participle – ends in ‘en’, ‘t’, ‘ed’Past participle – ends in ‘en’, ‘t’, ‘ed’
PARALLELISMPARALLELISM
Patterning of pairs of sounds, words or Patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures to create a sense of balancestructures to create a sense of balance
Eg I am the way, the life and the truthEg I am the way, the life and the truth
Eg of Eg of repetitionrepetition: Onward, onward rode the : Onward, onward rode the six six
hundredhundredEg of Eg of parallelismparallelism: Those I fight I do not hate: Those I fight I do not hate Those I guard I do not loveThose I guard I do not love
Distinguish the dependent clauses from the Distinguish the dependent clauses from the independent main clauses in the following independent main clauses in the following
sentences:sentences:
Mary refuses to marry Peter, unless he will Mary refuses to marry Peter, unless he will get a proper jobget a proper job
Because he prefers the past, Hugh ignores Because he prefers the past, Hugh ignores the real wordthe real word
Hugh drinks so he can escape realityHugh drinks so he can escape reality When Matt teaches her to speak, Sarah When Matt teaches her to speak, Sarah
finds her identityfinds her identity She has hope until he abandons herShe has hope until he abandons her Although he knows the language well, Although he knows the language well,
Pierre refuses to speak EnglishPierre refuses to speak English
Noun PhraseNoun Phrase
Begins with a determiner and has a Begins with a determiner and has a noun as its important word. It can act noun as its important word. It can act as a subject, and object or a as a subject, and object or a compliment in a clause compliment in a clause
Adverbial clauseAdverbial clause
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