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Development of Thermal Waste Treatment Facilities in Larger German Cities and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
JW Marriott HotelHong Kong
March 07, 2008
Seminar on Thermal Waste Treatment
Authors: Dr-Eng Gerrit ErmelDipl-Eng Holger SchroederDipl-Geogr Michael Ruestmann
Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr ErmelAchim, Frankfurt, Dresden (Germany)Sofia (Bulgaria)Kuching (Malaysia)Hong Kong SAR (P.R. China)
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Content of Presentation
1. Introduction of Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel
2. Development of Thermal Waste Treatment and Measures of Emission Control in Germany
3. Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment
4. Example of WTE Plants in Larger German Cities:City of Frankfurt
5. Recommendations for Hong Kong
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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
Introduction
Engineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel
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Waste-to-Energy PlantCity of Kiel
Sanitary Landfill Hoefer
Mechanical-Biological Treatment Plant
Asslar
IntroductionEngineering Group Dr Born – Dr Ermel
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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
Development of Thermal Waste Treatment and Measures of Emission Control
in Germany
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Development of Thermal Waste Treatment in Germany
First WTE Plant established in Hamburg in 1893
Development of WTE Capacity since 1965: • 1965: 7 WTE plants with 718,000 tons per year• 2007: 75(*) WTE Plants with 17.8 million tons per year
(*) including RDF Plants
• In future: > 90% of Solid Waste to be treated thermally
Continuous development of emission control regulations in Germany and the EU, especially since 1970
Major Milestones:• Technical Instruction Air (1974/1986) – TA Luft• 17th Ordinance to Federal Emission Law (1990/1999/2003) –
17. BImSchV• EU-Regulation 2000/76/EG – Adoption of 17. BImSchV
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Parameter TA Luft(general demand)
13th BImSchV(for Power Plants
> 300 MW)
17. BImSchV(for WTE)
Operational Emission Data of WTE(*)
Ctot (mg/m³) 50 --- 10(daily average)
<5
CO (mg/m³) 100 200 50(daily average)
<20
HCl (mg/m³) 30 not relevant 10(daily average)
<5
HF (mg/m³) 3 not relevant 1(daily average)
<0.5
SO2 (mg/m³) 350 200 50(daily average)
<10
NOx (mg/m³) 350 200 200(daily average)
<100
Dust (mg/m³) 20 20 10(daily average)
<1
PCDD/PCDF (ng TE/m³)
0.1 0.1(mean during sampling)
<0.005
Comparison of Legal Emission Limits and Operational Data(*) average of all existing WTE in Germany
Development of Measures for Emission Control
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Options of Flue Gas Treatment Standard installation
• Emission parameters acc. to actual legal limits
• High operational security
• Low operational costs and investment
Flue gas from boiler
Recirculation
Bag-Filter
StackInduced Draught
Fan
Water
Reactor
Lime, active carbon
Filter ash
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Options of Flue Gas Treatment
Multi-stage installation
Flue gas from boiler
Water
Reactor Induced Draught Fan Stack
CatalystHeat Exchanger
Wet Scrubber
Lime, active carbon
Recirculation
• Emission parameters < 30% below actual legal limits
• High operational efforts
• High operational costs and investment
Bag-Filter
Filter ash
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Dioxin balance of a modern WTE Plant
Input by Waste: average 60 µg TE per ton(11 – 255 µg/ TE per ton)
Residues from flue gas cleaning: 50 µg TE per ton
Flue gas: 0.5 µg TE per ton(Legal Limit of 17. BImSchV)
Slags: 4 µg TE per ton
Environmental Impact of WTE EmissionsExample Dioxin
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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment
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Comparison of Specific CO2-Emissions by Electricity from Waste
Electricity from Waste
6,589
0,578 0,337 0,195 0,1010
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Landfill andbiogas
engines
WTE(conventional)
WTE(optimised)
WTE(conventional
+ CHP)
WTE(optimised +
CHP)
kg C
O2/
kWh
Climatic Relevance of Thermal Waste Treatment
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WTE in combination with residential area
Introduction: Environmental Impact of WTE Emissions
WTE
Heat for Households and Commercial Areas
40 – 50%
District Cooling for Households and
Commercial Areas50 – 60 %
Electrical Energy25 %
>= 65 – 75 %
>= 75 – 85 %
WTE in combination with steam consumers
WTE
Steam for Industry
Steam for Power Plants
> 90 %
> 95 %
Efficiency:
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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
Examples of WTE Solutionsin Lager German Cities
WTE Plant in the City of Frankfurt
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WTE Plant FrankfurtWhy do we normally find WTE Plants in the City Centres in Germany?
• Location near the gravity centre of waste generation avoids transport traffic which will effect additional air pollution
• Modern WTE Plants with appropriate flue gas cleaning equipment are commonly accepted as necessary infrastructure in Germany andEurope
• City Centres are perfect locations for distribution of district heating and/or process energy for industrial purposes
• More than 30 years of experience with such installations prove no significant impacts both to environment and humans
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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
Druckluft
WasserKalkhydratHerdofenkoks
Reststoffe
Reingase zum Saugzug
Abgasaus Dampferzeuger
RezirkulationReaktionsmittel
GewebefilterR kstrom-wirbler
3
12
1
2
3
45
6
7
89
11
12
1413
16
1710
15
2 M l -Krananlage
3 Aufgabeschacht
4 Dosierst廲 el
6 Feuerraum
7 St zfeuerung
8 Kesselanlage
10 Gew ebefilter
11 Saugzuggebl酲 e
12 Kam inanlage
14 Entsch lacker
15 Schlackelager
16 Kesselentaschung
M l
R ost-schlacke
Dam pf-abgabe R kst鄚 de
GereinigtesR auchgas
1 M lbunker 5 Verbrennungsrost 9 W irbelsch ichtreaktor Rostdurchfa llf顤derung13 17 R kstandssilo
WTE Frankfurt
Scheme of WTE plant
Scheme of flue gas cleaning device
Scope of Engineering Work:
Increase of capacity of WTE Plant up to 4 x 20 tons/hour with thermal capacity of 4 x 57 MW (640,000 tons/year)
Implementation of incinerationand flue gas cleaning technologyaccording to state of technique
Connection of WTE and Power Plant to a common facility by making use of any available operational, energeticand economical synergetic effect
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WTE Plant of the City of FrankfurtSite situation
Power PlantWaste-to-Energy Plant
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Optimization of Energy Efficiency:
Increase of steam parameters of WTE plant considering critical corrosive conditions (60 bar at 500°C)
Implementation of high-capacity turbine inside the Power Plant with high power output (i.e. 55 MW electrical power)
Extension of district heating grid by acquisition of additional industrial clients and town districts
Assembly of Turbine
Corrosion diagram
WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
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Overall energy efficiency of former existing setup:
approxapprox. . 3737 %%
Overall energy efficiency of re-engineered facilities:
approxapprox. . > 70> 70 %%
Guarantee of recycling plant of WTE Frankfurt with the possibility of flexible response to entire waste market (access to thermal recyclable waste from commercial and industrial sources)
WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
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New Boiler House
WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
Construction Site
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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
View of WTE Plant Frankfurt
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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
Neighbouring residential area
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WTE Plant of the City of Frankfurt
Adjacent public infrastructure
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Development of Thermal Treatment Facilities in Large Cities of Germany and
Possible Application to Hong Kong
Recommendations for Hong Kong
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Recommendations for Hong Kong
WTE site requires suitable connection to traffic infrastructure(e.g. transport by sea cargo)
Recommended economical capacity of WTE is ≧1,000,000 tons/year
Optimized use of energy shall be considered (electrical/heat/cold)efficiency target > 70%
Operationable thermal system (proven technique: moving grate)
Efficient steam parameters (<60 bar, 450 deg. C)
Flue gas cleaning acc. to state of technique (European standard)
Compliance with above criteria will enable economical and environmental friendly thermal waste treatment
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Thank you for your kind attention!
For further information please contact:
Dr Born – Dr Ermel Engineering Ltd.Suite 2207-09, Tower Two Lippo Centre
89 Queensway, AdmiraltyHong Kong SAR
email: [email protected]
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