Seed plants and structure of a
seed
Warm up• What is the difference between vascular and non-
vascular plants?• Specify what type of plant is each of the
following:
Introduction • If plants can’t move, how do they spread their
seeds?• What are the two types of plants that you know
which make seeds?
Objectives • Describe three ways that seed plants differ
from seedless plants.• List three characteristics of seed plants.• Define pollen• Describe the structure of seeds.• Compare angiosperms and gymnosperms.• Recognize xylem and phloem as the main
vascular tissues in plants.• List three functions of roots.• List three functions of stems.
Seed plant
Vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Nonflowering plantsNo fruits
Ex: trees and shrubs
Flowering plantsFruits
Ex: grass and fruit trees
Characteristics of a seed plants
• Seed plants produce seeds.• Seeds nourish and protect young sporophytes.
Characteristics of a seed plants
• The gametophyte of seed plants don’t live independently of the sporophyte. The gametophytes is small and form within the reproductive structures of the sporophyte.
Characteristics of a seed plants
• The sperm of seedless plants need water to swim to the eggs of female gametophyte. Whereas, the sperm of the seed plants are formed inside pollen
• Pollen can be transported by wind or by animals.• 1- List three characteristics of seed plants
Structure of a seed
• A seed is formed after fertilization, when a sperm and an egg join.
• A seed is made up of three parts:1- young plant or the sporophyte2- stored food in the cotyledon3- seed coat which surrounds and protects the seed.
Advantages of seed plants
Seed plants Seedless plants
1- when growing, young plants used food stored in the seed
1- spores don’t have stored food to use when they grow
2- seed plants are spread by animals
2- spores are spread by wind
C.T: 2- how being eaten by an animal help a seed to grow?
Comparison between gymnosperms and
angiospermsGymnosperms Angiosperms Non-flowering plants. No fruits Flowering plants, most abundant
type of plants
Seeds are usually protected by a cone
Seeds are protected by the fruits.
Used for building material, paper, resin, and medicines
Used for food, medicines, fibers for clothing, rubber, and building materials.
Structure of seed plants
Plants
Root system Shoot system
Made of roots Made of stem and leaves
Pollination and fertilization
• What is the main difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
Vascular tissue
Xylem Phloem
Move material from roots to shoots (stem
and leaves)
Move material from leaves to all plant
parts
Found in all plant parts
Roots • Most roots are underground• Roots supply plants with
water and dissolved minerals.
• They support and anchor plants.
• Roots also store surplus food made during photosynthesis. The food is produced in the leaves where it is transported by the phloem to the roots where it is stored as sugar or starch.
Stems • Stems are very various in shape
and size.• Usually located above the ground,
however some can be underground.• Stems support the body of a plant. • They allow transport of material
between the root system and shoot system, (contain xylem and phloem).
• Some stems store materials, such as water.
Wrap up
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