Section 2 VocabularySection 2 Vocabulary
HeianHeian – A.D. 794 new capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu
samuraisamurai – warriors who fought to protect land and enforce laws for nobles of Japan
Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo– defeated the Taira clan in1185
Kamakura Kamakura – town where shogun headquarters was located
Ashikaga TakaujiAshikaga Takauji – general who turned against the emperor and made himself shogun in 1333
daimyo daimyo – military lord who ruled small territories during the rule of Ashikaga shogunate – were loyal to the emperor
vassalsvassals – samurai who gave oath of loyalty to his daimyo in times of war in return for land
feudalismfeudalism – bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal
Defeated the Taira clan in 1185Minamoto Minamoto YoritomoYoritomosamurai who gave oath of loyalty
to his daimyo vassalsvassals
bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal feudalismfeudalism
capital of Japan under Emperor Kammu HeianHeian
Nara, JapanNara, Japan
during A.D. 700s Japan had strong central govt at during A.D. 700s Japan had strong central govt at Nara. Nara was center of govt & religion (Buddhism). Nara. Nara was center of govt & religion (Buddhism).
Nara so important A.D. 700s is called the Nara PeriodNara so important A.D. 700s is called the Nara Period
Emperor’s govt Emperor’s govt
after Prince Shotoku govt. officials organized in ranks after Prince Shotoku govt. officials organized in ranks (levels) – they did not use exam to hire officials like (levels) – they did not use exam to hire officials like China – jobs given to nobles from powerful families. China – jobs given to nobles from powerful families. The job was then passed on within their familyThe job was then passed on within their family
Emperor’s power came from his control of land and Emperor’s power came from his control of land and crops. They did a census and, based on census crops. They did a census and, based on census results, land holders had to pay taxes (rice or silk) to results, land holders had to pay taxes (rice or silk) to emperoremperor
All men counted in census had to serve in the armyAll men counted in census had to serve in the army
Section 2 NotesSection 2 Notes
Buddhism in Japan Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism came to Japan from Korea in A.D. 500s. By Buddhism came to Japan from Korea in A.D. 500s. By A.D. 700 it was a major religion and played a role in A.D. 700 it was a major religion and played a role in govt. and societygovt. and society
Buddhism became so popular that non-Buddhist Buddhism became so popular that non-Buddhist nobles began to fight for control of govt. from nobles began to fight for control of govt. from Buddhist noblesBuddhist nobles
Buddhism so powerful a Buddhist monk tried to take Buddhism so powerful a Buddhist monk tried to take control of govt from the emperor but was stopped by control of govt from the emperor but was stopped by emperor’s family & other nobles. Because of this emperor’s family & other nobles. Because of this attack, the emperor left Nara.attack, the emperor left Nara.
Section 2 NotesSection 2 Notes
Center of government and religion in Japan A.D. 700
NaraNaraWho was given govt. jobs in Japan? Wealthy Wealthy
noblesnoblesHow did emperor gain power
Control of land Control of land and cropsand cropsWhat country brought Buddhism
to Japan? KoreaKorea
in 800s emperor power weakens due to:in 800s emperor power weakens due to:
1.1. Weak emperors (often kids who had Weak emperors (often kids who had regentsregents rule for them) Regents, most from Fujiwara rule for them) Regents, most from Fujiwara clan, ruled while emperors studied Buddhism clan, ruled while emperors studied Buddhism and wrote poetryand wrote poetry
2.2. Nobles gained control of most of land in Nobles gained control of most of land in provinces because govt gave nobles land to provinces because govt gave nobles land to pay them for their workpay them for their work
3.3. Nobles also allowed to keep new land they Nobles also allowed to keep new land they settled farmers onsettled farmers on
4.4. Nobles did not have to pay taxes but could Nobles did not have to pay taxes but could collect taxes from the peasants working the collect taxes from the peasants working the landland
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Samurai “to serve”Samurai “to serve”
Private army of warriors who agreed to:
1.1. Protect the land of noblesProtect the land of nobles
2.2. Enforce laws for the noblesEnforce laws for the nobles
In return samurai received land
Samurai lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido “way of the warrior”
In war they fought on horseback using swords,
daggers, bows and arrows.
They wore armor of leather or steel scales
laced together with silk cords.
Their helmets had horns or crests and they wore masks designed to be
terrifying
Samurai – “to serve”
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Bushido – Samurai code of conductBushido – Samurai code of conductDEMANDED:
• Samurai be devoted to his master
• Be courageous
• Loyal
• Honorable
• Not care for wealth
Samurai would rather die in battle than betray his lordIt would be a disgrace to be captured
Samurai agreed to protect noble land and law and they got ____________ in returnlandland
Samurai code of conduct is called ______________BushidBushid
oo
Shogun – Shogun – commander of all emperors military commander of all emperors military forcesforces
By 1100s powerful Japanese families fighting each By 1100s powerful Japanese families fighting each other over land, and control of emperor and his other over land, and control of emperor and his govt. They fought using their samurai armies.govt. They fought using their samurai armies.
Gempei WarGempei War
Began in 1180 – was a civil war between 2 most Began in 1180 – was a civil war between 2 most powerful clans – powerful clans – Taira family and Minamoto Taira family and Minamoto familyfamily. In 1185 Minamoto family won.. In 1185 Minamoto family won.
The leader of Minamoto family was Minamoto The leader of Minamoto family was Minamoto Yoritomo.The emperor rewarded him in order to Yoritomo.The emperor rewarded him in order to keep him loyal. He gave him the title keep him loyal. He gave him the title ShogunShogun so he wouldn’t try to take the place of Yamato so he wouldn’t try to take the place of Yamato family as rulers. family as rulers.
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Giving Minamoto title of Shogun created two govt in Giving Minamoto title of Shogun created two govt in Japan.Japan.
Emperor stayed in Haian and was the official Emperor stayed in Haian and was the official head but he now had no power.head but he now had no power.
Shogun set up his own shogunate govt in Shogun set up his own shogunate govt in Kamakura. For the next 700 years Japan run by Kamakura. For the next 700 years Japan run by shogunsshoguns
The shogun appointed samurai to serve as advisors The shogun appointed samurai to serve as advisors and run the provinces. and run the provinces.
Samurai lords: ruled the villages, kept the peace and Samurai lords: ruled the villages, kept the peace and collected taxescollected taxes
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Commander of all emperors military forces shogunshogun
____________ was the civil war between the Taira & Minamoto family
Gempei WarGempei War
The_______________ family won the Gempei War.
MinamotoMinamoto
Mongols Attack – Mongols Attack –
In 1274 and 1281 Kublai Khan, from China, sent ships and warriors to invade Japan. Both times China was defeated because of typhoons.
The Japanese named the typhoons kamikaze “divine wind” to honor the spirits that saved their islands.
The Kamikaze pilots who deliberately crashed into planes during WWII were named after these typhoons.
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Kamakura shogunate falls – Kamakura shogunate falls –
By 1333 many samurai were resentful & poor. They divided their land among their sons the land they owned became smaller & smaller.
Without enough land samurai became poor. They began to loose loyalty to the shogun because he did not give them enough land.
In 1331 emperor rebelled against shogun and many samurai came to help the emperor. The rebellion did not succeed because the emperor would not give samurai more land. After the rebellion Ashikaga Takauji became the new shogun and his new govt was called Ashikaga shogunate
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Ashikaga shogunate – Ashikaga shogunate –
Began in 1333. The Ashikaga were weak rulers and revolts broke out across Japan. Japan divided into territories that were headed by military lords called diamyo
Diamyo –
Pledged loyalty to emperor and Kamakura shogunate but ruled their lands as independent kingdoms. They even had their own armies made up of samurai warriors
Samurai who gave oath of loyalty to a diamyo became vassals in return samurai received land – more land then they got from the shogun.
The bond between lord and vassal = feudalism
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
Breakdown of the central govt – Breakdown of the central govt –
The central govt was in ruins as Japan’s warriors fought each other. 1467-1477 Onin War
For 100 years after Onin War many shoguns tried to unite Japan but daimyo stopped them.
In 1567 Ashikaga shogunate was defeated.
Section 1 NotesSection 1 Notes
ShogunBothBoth
Under the
DaimyoUnder the
Draw this Venn Diagram in your notes and then use your book and/or notes to write two details for each section
YOU HAVE 15 MINUTES – Use your time wisely
ShogunBothBoth
Under the
DaimyoUnder the
•United Japan
•One shogun ruled entire central govt
•Japan divided into territories
•Each territory ruled by a diamyo
•Leaders pledged loyalty to emperor
•Samurai exchanged loyalty for land
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