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What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
of circuit
.litar
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasBrightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentol
Circuit
( litar)
Brightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentol
P Bright ( cerah)
Q Brighter ( lebih cerah)
R Brightess (paling cerah)
Type of circuit
jenis litar
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Number of the batteries
Bilangan bateri
Number of the bulbs
Bilangan mentol
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What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
of pupil
.murid
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasLength of one cubit
Panjang hasta
The height of pupil
Ketinggian murid
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
The ruler
Kayu pembaris
Age of pupils
Umur murid
Pupil
Murid
Kumar Majid Zaki Lee
Meng
Length of one cubitPanjang satu hasta
18cm
21cm
20cm
12cm
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What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
Substance
Bahan
Effect on blue litmus
paper
Kesan ke atas kertas
li tmus bir u
Effect on red litmus
paper
Kesan ke atas kertas
l i tmus merah
P No change Turns blue
Q Turns red No change
R No change No changeS Turns red No change
T No change No change
U No change Turns blue
_________of substances
_________bahan
Type of substances
jenis bahan
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
_________ of litmus paper
_________ kertas litmus
Condition of litmus paper
keadaan kertas litmus
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkan
__________ of substances
__________ bahan
Quantity of substances
Kuantiti bahan
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What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasi
The way to prevent the
iron nail
Cara untuk melindungi pakubesi
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasCondition of iron nail
Keadaan paku besi
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
Number of iron nail
Bilangan paku besi
Type of water
Jenis air
nail X
(wipe with grease)nail Z
nail Y (painted)
Nail Z
Paku Z
Nail Y (painted)Paku Y ( dicat)
Nail X (greese)
Paku X ( gris)
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What is to change
Pemboleh ubah manipulasiPresent of water
Kehadiran air
Condition of the roots
Keadaan akar
What is to observed
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balas
What is to keep the same
Pemboleh ubah yang
dimalarkan
Type of the seedling
jenis anak benih
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TREND
What is to observe Temperature ( suhu)
Answer : Increase , remain the same
Bertambah, sama
Duration of experiment
Diagram 3 shows a graph about the temperature of ice
Temperature ( C)
Time
The temperature is Increase and thanremain the same
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VARIABLES
What is to observe Rate of breathing ( kadar perenafasan)
Answer : Increase, decrease
bertambah, menurun
ActivitiesRate
ofbreathing
(times)
Rate of breathing is increase and than decreaseKadar ernafasan ialah bertambah dan menurun
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What is the trend for volume of water absorbed
Apakah pola bagi isipadu air yang tinggal
Increased
meningkat
Volume of water absorbed increased
Isipadu air yang tinggal bertambah
observation
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What is the trend for distance planet from the SunApakah pola bagi jarak planet daripada Matahari
Increased
meningkat
Distance planet from the Sun are increased
Jarak planet daripada Mataharibertambah
observation
Planet Distance from the Sun (km)
Mercury 58 000 000
Mars 228 000 000
Saturn 1 435 000 000
Neptune 4 500 000 000
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What is the trend for size of the Moon during eclipse
Apakah pola bagi saiz bulan ketika gerhana
Increased
menaik
Size of the moon that can be seen is increased
Saiz bulan yang dapat dilihat berkurang
observation
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State one observation based on the table above
State one inference based on the table above
Volume of water absorbed increased
Isipadu air yang diserap bertambahNumber of sponge increased
Isipadu air yang diserap bertambah
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Eclipse of the Moon
Gerhana Bulan
Observation
pemerhatian
At day 15, the phase of the Moon
is fullmoon
Pada hari ke 15, fasa bulan ialah
bulan purnama
Inference
sebab
Revolution of the Moon surround the
earth
Peredaran Bulan mengelilingi Bumi
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Based on the picture, state one observation
Berdasarkan gambar di atas, nyatakan satu pemerhatian
Wto : Condition of root
Keadaan akar
The root bend towards the wet cotton
Akar bengkok ke arah kapas basah
Based on your answer, give a reason
Berdasarkan jawapan anda, beri satu sebab
The root responds to water
Akar bertindakbalas terhadap airInference
Sebab
Observation
pemerhatianSeedling needs water to fullfil their
basic needs
Anak pokok memerlukan air untuk
Memenuhi keperluan asasnya
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Based on the picture, state one observation.
water
. An orange is left on the table and its conditions are observed every week.
Sebiji limau diletakkan di atas meja dan keadaannya diperhatikan setiap minggu.
mould
What can you see fromthe picture ?
.of mould
Answer : Area of mould is increased
Luas kawasan bercendawan( kulat) bertambah
Based on your answer, give a reason .
Mould growth
Kulat membesar
The mould has enough food and water
Kulat mendapat makanan dan air
yang mencukupi
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Observation
pemerhatian
Size of the shadow is bigger than imej
Saiz bayang-bayang lebih besar
Daripada imej
Inference
sebab
The hand is near to the torch
Tangan berada dekat dengan lampu
suluh,
Wto : Size of the shadow
saiz bayang-bayangWtc : Distance of hand from torch
Jarak tangan dari lampu suluh
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Wihthout pulley, number of pupilss
needed to lift the load is more
compared with has pulleysTanpa takal, bilangan orang yang
diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban
Adalah lebih banyak berbanding
tanpa takal
Wihthout pulley, the friction is the
Greatest compared with has pulleyTanpa takal daya geseran adalah
Paling kuat berbanding
tanpa takal
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Observationpemerhatian Eclipse of the Moon occurs
Gerhana bulan berlaku
Inferencesebab
WtoEclipse of the Moon
gerhana Bulan
Wtc :Position of Sun, Earth and the Moon
Tahun
The Sun, Earth and the Moon liesin a straight line
Matahari, Bumi dan bulan berada
dalam satu garisan lurus
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Observation
pemerhatian
The roots bend/ response
towards water
Akar bengkok /bertindakbalas
terhadap air
Inference
Sebab
To carry out nutrients throughout
the plant.
Untuk mengangkut nutrient ke
seluruh pokok
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Observationpemerhatian
The brightness of the bulbs is the most
When 3 batteries is used compared withUsed 1 battery
Kecerahan mentol paing cerah apabila
Menggunakan 3 bateri berbanding 1
bateri
Give other
observation
Wto
Brightness of the bulbs
Kecerahan mentolThe power in cirsuit R is the most compared
With circuit P
Kuasa dalam litar R paling banyak
berbandig PInference
Number of batteries in circuit R is the most
compared With circuit PBilangan bateri dalam litar R paling banyak
berbanding P
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How to write hypothesis/ conclusion / relationship
between the variables
1. Hypothesis / relationship / conclusion.
Use increase / decrease or if / when
example:
the more ( pattern) (manipulated variable)the more ( trend ) ( responding variable )
if ( trend ) ( manipulated variable ) so ( trend )( responding variable )
2. Relationships between.
1. Manipulated variable ( affect ) PB
2. Responding variable ( is affected by/depends) on
responding variable.
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Bilangan telur yang
menetas
Number of eggs
Bilangan telur
trend
pola
trend
Pola
wtc
Mv
wto
RV
Decrease number of eggs increase number of youngthat hatcheds
Berkurang bilangan telur bertambah bilangan telur
yang menetas.
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Temperature ( C)
Suhu ( C)
10 15 20 25 30
Time taken for bread to start turningbad / hour
Masa yang diambil oleh roti untuk
menjadi rosak ( jam)
72 60 50 42 36
The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )
The increased the temperature the decreased the timeTaken for bread to start turning bad
Semakin bertambah suhu semakin bertambah masa yang
Diambil oleh roti untuk manjadi rosak
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Needle
The ability of the needle to
pierce the paper
Kebolehan jarum menembusikertas
T Easy ( mudah)
U Moderate ( sederhana)
V Difficult ( sukar)
If we used needle T, the ability of the needle to pierce the
paper is increased compared with needle V
Jika gunakan jarum t, kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas
bertambah berbanding jarum V
The increase the sharpness of needle the increase the
ability of the needle to pierce the paper.
Semakin bertambah ketajaman jarum semakin bertambah
Kebolehan jarum menembusi kertas
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Planet Time taken to complete one revolution
Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap
P 88 days ( 88 hari)Q 225 days ( 225 hari)
R 365 days (365 hari)
U 30 years ( 30 tahun)
V 84 years ( 84 tahun)
W 165 years ( 165 tahun)
X 249 years ( 249 tahun)
The ( trend ) the ( wtc ) The ( trend ) the ( wto )
The increased the distance of planet from the sun the increased
The time taken to complete one revolution
Semakin bertambah jarak planet dari Matahari semakin
Bertambah masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap
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Hypothesis / Conclusion / relationshipThe number of trees left can affect the
temperature of surrounding
Bilangan pokok yang tinggal mempengaruhisuhu persekitaran
What is to change
Number of trees left.
Bilangan pokok yang tinggal
What is to observetemperature of surrounding
Suhu persekitran
The increase the number of trees left the
decrease the temperature of surrounding
Semakin bertambah bilangan pokok yangtinggal semakin berkurang suhu persekitaran
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To investigate the relationship between (wtc)With .(wto.
Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara (mv)
dengan ..RV
Aim / Purpose
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Aim / Purpose
To investigate the relationship between ..
With
Wtc : the timeWto : The number of ant
Wtc :the timeWto :The number of ant
Some grain of sugar is left near the ant trails in the class at 9.00 am.
The number of ant coming is recorded as fallow.
9.00 am
9.00 pagi
9.05 am
9.05 pagi
9.10 am
9.10 pagi
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Aim / Purpose
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Aim / Purpose
To investigate the relationship between ..
With
Wtc :
Location of the cities
Lokasi bandar
Wto :
duration of day time
Tempoh waktu siang
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