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Essay
Online - Practice Test #4
These sample essays were originally handwritten by students but are shown typed here for ease
of reading. The essays are displayed exactly as students wrote them, without any corrections to
spelling, punctuation, or syntax. One handwritten sample essay is provided to illustrate the need
for legible and clear handwriting.
Exemplars:
Essay Prompt
Think carefully about the information presented in the following excerpt and the assignment
below.
People's lives are the result of the choices they make—or fail to make. The path one takes in
life is not arbitrary. Choices and their consequences determine the course of every person's
life. All people, whatever their circumstances, make the choices on which their lives depend.
Are people's lives the result of the choices they make? Plan and write an essay in which you
develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples
taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
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Section 1
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Section 5
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Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
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View Answers and Explanations
Online - Practice Test #4
1 The total cost of equally priced notebooks is If the cost per notebook is
reduced by how much will of these notebooks cost at the new rate?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. Since the total cost of equally priced notebooks was
originally the original cost per notebook was The
cost per notebook is reduced by so the new cost of each notebook is
Therefore, the cost of notebooks at the new rate is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. is the cost of notebooks at the original price,
but is the cost of notebooks at the new rate.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. is the cost of notebooks at the original price,
minus But the reduction in price is for each of the
notebooks: Thus, the total cost of notebooks at the new
rate is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. is the cost of notebooks at the original price,
but the question asks for the cost of notebooks at the new rate, which is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. is the cost of notebooks at the original price,
minus however, to find the cost of notebooks at
the new rate, must be subtracted from the cost of notebooks at the
original price:
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
2If which of the following could be a value of
(A)
(B)
(C)
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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. The value of could be since
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The value of cannot be since
not
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. The value of cannot be since
not
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The value of cannot be since
not
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. The value of cannot be since
not
(D)
(E)
3 The digits of the positive three-digit integer are and How many possible
values are there for
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. For the positive three-digit integer there are three
possibilities for the hundreds digit: it can be or Once the hundreds digit is
determined, there are two possibilities for the tens digit. After the tens digit isdetermined, there is only one possible value for the units digit. Therefore, there are
different possible three-digit numbers with digits and
An alternative solution would be to list and count all possible values of
and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The possible values for each have three digits, but
there are six possible values for
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) is not correct. There are more than four possible three-digit integers
with digits and They are and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
(A) Three
(B) Four
(C) Six
(D) Eight
(E) Nine
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Choice (D) is not correct. This incorrect answer could be the result of using
instead of to count the possible values for
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. This incorrect answer could be the result of using
instead of to count the possible values for
4
In the figure above, and each have measure If what
is the value of
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. Since and each have measure it
follows from the figure that and Since it follows
that which gives Therefore,
so
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The measure of is equal to Since is the
measure of it follows from the figure that Therefore, cannot be
equal to
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The measure of is equal to Since is themeasure of it follows from the figure that Therefore, cannot be
equal to
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. Since and each have measure it
follows from the figure that and Thus,
Since it follows that not
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. This choice, could be the result of visually estimating
but the question does not ask for an estimate.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
5
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In the figure above, if the coordinates of points and are added together, the
result will be the coordinate of a point between which two consecutive integers?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. The coordinate of point is approximately and the
coordinate of point is approximately Therefore, if the coordinates of points
and are added together, the result will be approximately
which is between and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The coordinate of point is greater than If the
coordinate of point which is positive, is added to the coordinate of point the
result must be greater than Therefore, this result cannot be between and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. When the coordinate of point is added to the
coordinate of point the result will be the coordinate of a point located
approximately units to the right of point on the number line, because point
is units to the right of Therefore, this result cannot be between and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The coordinate of point is negative with absolute value
greater than the coordinate of point which is positive. This implies that the sum
of the coordinates of points and must be negative and, therefore, cannot be
between and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. The coordinate of point is negative, and the coordinate
of point is less than This implies that the sum of the coordinates of points
and must be less than Therefore, this sum cannot be between and
(A) and
(B) and
(C) and
(D) and
(E) and
6 In a sequence of numbers, the first number is and each number after the first is
more than times the preceding number. What is the third number in the sequence?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. The second number in the sequence is equal toand the third number in the sequence is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. This choice, is too small. The second and third
numbers in the sequence are and not
and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. This choice, is the second number in the sequence.
The question asks for the third number.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. This choice, is the third number in a different
sequence: one where each number after the first is less than times the
preceding number. The question asks for the third number where each number
after the first is more than times the preceding number.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The third number in the sequence is not This
choice could be the result of mistakenly computing the second number as less
than times the first, instead of more than times the first.
7
It took Kia hours to drive from Ashton to Farley, passing through Belville, Clinton,
Dryden, and Edgewood on the way. The graph above shows where she was along the
route during the hours of the trip. According to the graph, approximately how long,
in hours, did it take Kia to drive from Dryden to Edgewood?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. According to the graph, Kia reached Dryden approximately
hours after she began her trip. She was in Edgewood approximately
hours after the beginning of her trip. Therefore, it took Kia approximately
hour to drive from Dryden to Edgewood.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Choice (B) is not correct. It took Kia approximately hours to drive from Dryden
to Farley, but it took her approximately hour to drive from Dryden to Edgewood.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. It took Kia approximately hours to drive from Ashton
to Dryden. If it had taken more hours for her to drive to Edgewood, she could
not have completed the trip in hours.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. It took Kia approximately hours to drive from Ashton
to Dryden, but it took her approximately hour to drive from Dryden to Edgewood.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. It took Kia approximately hours to drive from Ashton
to Edgewood, but it took her approximately hour to drive from Dryden to
Edgewood.
8 If the average of and is and the average of and is what is the
average of and
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. If the average of and is then satisfies the
equation so and If the average of and is
then Therefore, the average of and is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The average of and is but the question asks for
the average of and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The average of and is but the question asks for
the average of and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. If the average of and is then the value of is
but the question asks for the average of and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. If the average of and is then the value of is
but the question asks for the average of and
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
9Which of the following could be the graph in the -plane of the function
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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. The graph in the -plane of the function is
a line with a slope of and a -intercept of All five choices show the graph of
a straight line, but only the line in choice (D) has a positive slope and a positive -
intercept.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The graph in the -plane of the function
is a line with a positive slope and a positive -intercept. The line in choice (A) is
horizontal and, therefore, has a slope of
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The graph in the -plane of the function
is a line with a positive slope and a positive -intercept. The line in choice (B) is a
vertical line and, therefore, has an undefined slope and no
-intercept.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. The graph in the -plane of the function
is a line with a positive slope and a positive -intercept. The line in choice (C) has
a negative slope.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. The graph in the -plane of the function
is a line with a positive slope and a positive -intercept. The line in choice (E) has
a negative -intercept.
10 If is a positive odd integer, then could equal which of the following?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. If is a positive odd integer, then is a positive even
integer, and is the next integer after Thus, the only integers between
and that can be written as where is a positive odd
integer, are and Therefore, of the numbers
given, only can be written as where is a positive odd
integer.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The only number less than that can be written as
where is a positive odd integer, is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The only number less than that can be written as
where is a positive odd integer, is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The only numbers less than that can be written as
where is a positive odd integer, are and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. but this product does not satisfy all the
given conditions. In the product the value of
would be However, the question states that is a positive odd integer.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
11
Point is the point with the greatest -coordinate on the semicircle shown above.
What is the -coordinate of point
(A)
(B)
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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. Let be the point at the right-hand end of the semicircle; let
point be the midpoint of as shown below.
Since is the midpoint of the diameter it must be the center of the
semicircle. Thus, the distance from to any point on the semicircle must be thesame. Since is the point with the greatest -coordinate on the semicircle, the
radius must be parallel to the -axis, that is, a vertical line segment. Thus,
has coordinates and the semicircle has radius It follows that point
is units to the left of on the -axis and, therefore, has
-coordinate
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The -coordinate of is not found by summing the
coordinates of and then taking the negative of this sum.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. Since the center of the semicircle is not the origin, the -
coordinate of is not equal to the negative of the greatest -coordinate on the
semicircle.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. This choice may be the result of visually estimating the
answer instead of applying geometric principles.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. This choice may be the result of visually estimating the
answer instead of applying geometric principles.
(C)
(D)
(E)
12
For bottles of shampoo of various brands, the cost and volume of each are
displayed in the scatterplot above, and the line of best fit for the data is shown. Ofthe following, which is closest to the average (arithmetic mean) cost per ounce for
the bottles?
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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. The vertical axis of the graph gives the cost of the bottle of
shampoo, and the horizontal axis gives the number of ounces of shampoo in the
bottle. Since the line of best fit for the data passes through the origin, the price of a
bottle of shampoo is about directly proportional to the number of ounces in the
bottle. The slope of the line of best fit, therefore, gives the approximate average
cost per ounce of shampoo for the bottles. At the horizontal coordinate of
ounces, the vertical coordinate of the line of best f it is slightly more than
Therefore, the average cost per ounce for the bottles is very slightly more than
per ounce.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. Every bottle of shampoo shown costs more than
per ounce. Therefore, the average price per ounce for all bottles must be
greater than
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. Every bottle of shampoo shown costs at least per
ounce, and many of the bottles cost more than this. Therefore, the average price
per ounce for all bottles must be greater than
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D : Choice (D) is not correct. Although some of the bottles of shampoo cost more than
per ounce and some cost less than this, the line of best fit has a slope that
is much closer to per ounce than to per ounce.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. Almost every bottle of shampoo shown costs less than
per ounce. Consequently, the line of best fit has a slope that is much less
than per ounce. Therefore, the average price per ounce for all bottles
must be less than
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
13 The graph of a quadratic function and the graph of a linear function in the-plane can intersect in at most how many points?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. The graph of a quadratic function and the graph of a linear
function in the -plane can intersect in at most two points. The quadratic function
must be of the form where and are constants, and
the linear function must be of the form where and are
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) More than four
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constants. The -coordinates of the intersection points can be found by setting the
two functions equal, and then solving for When
simplified, this becomes a quadratic equation, so there can be at most two solutions
for Therefore, the two graphs can intersect in at most two points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The graphs could have only one point in common, but
they could also have two points in common. For example, and have
two points in common, and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. The graph of a linear function is a line, and the graph of a
quadratic function is a parabola, and a line and a parabola cannot intersect in three
points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The graph of a linear function is a line, and the graph of a
quadratic function is a parabola, and a line and a parabola cannot intersect in four
points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. The graph of a linear function is a line, and the graph of a
quadratic function is a parabola, and a line and a parabola can intersect in at most
two points.
14If the length of is and the length of is which of the following could be
the length of
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. The length of could be Since (and
), the points and could form a triangle with sides of
length and
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. Since the shortest distance between two points is a
straight line, the length of must be less than the distance between and
plus the distance between and Thus, the length of must be less than
and cannot equal
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. Since the shortest distance between two points is a
straight line, the length of must be less than the distance between and
plus the distance between and Thus, the length of must be less than
and cannot equal
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. Since the shortest distance between two points is a
straight line, the length of must be less than the distance between and
plus the distance between and Thus, the length of must be less than
and cannot equal
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. Since the shortest distance between two points is a
straight line, the length of must be less than the distance between and
plus the distance between and Thus, the length of must be less than
and cannot equal
15If and are positive integers and what is in terms of
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. Substituting for in the equation gives
The expressions and are equivalent, so
Since the expressions and are equivalent, the exponents
and must be equal. Therefore, which gives
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. If were equal to then would be equal to
This together with would
imply that was equal to However, this could only be true if and
were equal, which is not possible.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. If were equal to then would be equal to
This together with would imply that
was equal to However, this could only be true if and were
equal, which is not possible.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. If were equal to then would be equal to
This together with
would imply that was equal to However, this could only be true ifand were equal, which is not possible.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. If were equal to then would be equal to
This together with
would imply that was equal to However, this could only be true if
and were equal, which is not possible.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
16
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The tin can in the figure above is a cylinder that is inches high and has a base of
radius inches. Of pencils with lengths inches, inches, inches,
inches, and inches, how many CANNOT fit entirely inside the can?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. In the figure below, the diameter of the base of the can
and segment which is perpendicular to form the two legs of a right
triangle,
By the Pythagorean Theorem, the hypotenuse, of this right triangle has length
inches, and it is the longest line segment within the can.
Therefore, any pencil with length greater than inches cannot fit entirely inside
the can. The lengths of the pencils are inches, inches, inches,
inches, and inches. Exactly two of these pencils are longer than inches, so
these two pencils are the only ones that cannot fit entirely inside the can.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. Any pencil longer than inches cannot fit entirely inside
the can. Two of the pencils are of lengths inches and inches, so there is
more than one pencil that is too long to fit entirely inside the can.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is not correct. Three pencils ARE short enough to fit entirely within the
can. These are the pencils with lengths inches, inches, and inches. Of
the pencils, there are two that CANNOT fit entirely inside the can.
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) Five
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. Of the pencils, fewer than four are too long to f it
entirely inside the can. Exactly two of the pencils are too long to fit.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. It is not true that all pencils cannot fit entirely inside
the can. There are three pencils that are short enough to fit inside the can.
17 When the number is multiplied by the result is the same as when is added to
What is the value of
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. When the number is multiplied by the result is
When is added to the result is Since the results of these two
operations are the same, it follows that Subtracting from both
sides of this equation gives
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. The statement in the question yields the equation
This incorrect answer is the value of but the question asks for the
value of which is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. The statement in the question yields the equation
This incorrect answer may arise from mistranslating the statement as
and then finding the value of instead of the value of
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. The statement in the question yields the equation
It follows that the value of is but the question asks for the
value of which is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. The statement in the question yields the equation
This incorrect answer may arise from mistranslating the statement as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
18
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A circle (not drawn) passes through point in the figure above. What could be the
total number of points of intersection of this circle and
I.
II.
III.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer E :
Choice (E) is correct. In the figure below,
the circle passes through point and the total number of points of intersection of
the circle and is
In the figure below,
the circle passes through point and the total number of points of intersection of
the circle and is
In the figure below,
the circle passes through point and the total number of points of intersection of
the circle and is
Therefore, I, II, and III each give a number that could be the total number of points
of intersection of and a circle that passes through
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is not correct. A circle can be drawn that passes through point and
intersects in only point. However, another circle can be drawn that
passes through point and intersects in points. Also, a third circle can
be drawn that passes through point and intersects in points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. A circle can be drawn that passes through point and
intersects in points. However, another circle can be drawn that passesthrough point and intersects in only point. Also, a third circle can be
drawn that passes through point and intersects in points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. A circle can be drawn that passes through point and
intersects in point. Another circle can be drawn that passes through
point and intersects in points. However, a third circle can be drawn
that passes through point and intersects in points.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is not correct. A circle can be drawn that passes through point and
intersects in points. Another circle can be drawn that passes through
point and intersects in points. However, a third circle can be drawn
that passes through point and intersects in point.
19
The function graphed above is defined for For which of the following
values of is
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. A number is less than its absolute value if the number is
negative, and equal to its absolute value if the number is nonnegative. Thus,
if and only if is negative. We can see from the graph that
which is negative. Therefore, For all of the other choices
given for is positive.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Choice (A) is not correct. If then must be negative. But we
can see from the graph that which is positive. Therefore,
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. If then must be negative. But we
can see from the graph that is positive. Therefore,
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. If then must be negative. But we
can see from the graph that which is not a negative number. Therefore,
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. If then must be negative. But we
can see from the graph that which is positive. Therefore,
20
If and are numbers such that what is the smallest possible
value of
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. If then either or If
then The smallest possible value of
is the expression will have this value when If then
and The smallest possible value for this
expression is which will occur when In either case, the smallest
possible value of is
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) is not correct. If then both and This is not
possible; if then either or
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is not correct. If then either or
Therefore, either or
In either case, so cannot
be the smallest possible value of
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is not correct. If then either or
Therefore, either or
In either case, so
cannot be the smallest possible value of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is not correct. If and then
However, if and then yet
Therefore, the smallest possible value of
cannot be
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Answers and Explanations
Test Sections
Section 1
Section 2
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
Section 10
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View Answers and Explanations
Online - Practice Test #4
1The architect advised tearing down the old structure, since he did not consider itsufficiently ------- to ------- the heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula was expecting.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. “Robust” means sturdy or strongly constructed. “To
withstand” means to resist the effect of something. If one were to insert these
terms into the text, the sentence would read “The architect advised tearing down
the old structure, since he did not consider it sufficiently robust to withstand the
heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula was expecting.” It is reasonable to
suggest that the architect advised that the old structure be torn down because he
did not think it was “robust,” or sturdy, enough to “withstand,” or resist the
effect of, the heavy winds. A structure that is not strongly constructed would likely
be damaged or destroyed during a tropical storm.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. “Flimsy” means lacking in physical strength or substance.“To forestall” means to prevent by taking precautionary measures. If one were toinsert these terms into the text, the sentence would read “The architect advised
tearing down the old structure, since he did not consider it sufficiently flimsy to
forestall the heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula was expecting.” It isillogical to suggest that a structure, especially a “flimsy” one, could “forestall,”
or prevent, the heavy winds of a tropical storm.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. “Hardy” means capable of withstanding adverseconditions. “To forecast” means to calculate or predict something in advance. If
one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read“
Thearchitect advised tearing down the old structure, since he did not consider it
sufficiently hardy to forecast the heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula
was expecting.” It is illogical to suggest that a structure could “forecast,” or
predict, the heavy winds of a tropical storm.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. “Noteworthy” means deserving notice or attention. “To
justify” means to prove to be right or reasonable. If one were to insert theseterms into the text, the sentence would read “The architect advised tearing down
the old structure, since he did not consider it sufficiently noteworthy to justify the
heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula was expecting.” An old structure
might be “noteworthy,” or deserving of attention, but it is illogical to suggest
that a structure could “ justify,” or prove reasonable, the heavy winds of a
tropical storm.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “Ramshackle” means carelessly or loosely constructed.“To repel” means to drive back or to resist something. If one were to insert these
terms into the text, the sentence would read “The architect advised tearing down
the old structure, since he did not consider it sufficiently ramshackle to repel the
(A) flimsy . . forestall
(B) hardy . . forecast
(C) robust . . withstand
(D) noteworthy . . justify
(E) ramshackle . . repel
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heavy winds of the tropical storm the peninsula was expecting.” It is illogical tosuggest that a structure could be “sufficiently ramshackle” to “repel,” or drive
back, the heavy winds of the tropical storm. A carelessly constructed structure
would be more likely to be damaged by the winds than to repel the winds.
2
When x-rays were discovered around the turn of the twentieth century, doctors
quickly began to ------- their newfound ability to diagnose maladies by peeringbeneath the surface of the human body.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct.“
To exploit”
means to utilize or to make productive use ofsomething. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“When x-rays were discovered around the turn of the twentieth century, doctors
quickly began to exploit their newfound ability to diagnose maladies by peering
beneath the surface of the human body.” Before x-rays were discovered, doctors
did not have the ability to peer beneath the surface of the human body in order to
diagnose maladies. Once x-rays were discovered, doctors were quick to
“exploit,” or make productive use of, this new ability.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. “To bequeath” means to hand down. If one were to insert
this term into the text, the sentence would read “When x-rays were discovered
around the turn of the twentieth century, doctors quickly began to bequeath their
newfound ability to diagnose maladies by peering beneath the surface of the human
body.” In order for the term “bequeath” to make sense in this context the
sentence would have to indicate to whom the ability was bequeathed, or handed
down. Additionally, although doctors still use x-rays to diagnose maladies, it is
awkward to suggest that this ability was handed down to them.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. “To deny” means to claim to have no association with or
responsibility for something. If one were to insert this term into the text, the
sentence would read “When x-rays were discovered around the turn of the
twentieth century, doctors quickly began to deny their newfound ability to diagnose
maladies by peering beneath the surface of the human body.” There is no reasonto believe that doctors were quick to “deny” their new ability. There is nothinginherently negative about x-rays that would cause doctors to “deny,” or disclaim
association with or responsibility for, the abilities that x-rays allowed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. “To finesse” means to handle something with skillful
maneuvering. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“When x-rays were discovered around the turn of the twentieth century, doctors
quickly began to finesse their newfound ability to diagnose maladies by peering
beneath the surface of the human body.” Although doctors might be eager to use
a newfound technology in ever more sophisticated ways, “finesse” contains a
suggestion of subtlety, and even of evasion, that does not really apply to a scientist
doing medical research.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “To divulge” means to make something known, usually
something private or secret. If one were to insert this term into the text, the
sentence would read “When x-rays were discovered around the turn of the
twentieth century, doctors quickly began to divulge their newfound ability to
diagnose maladies by peering beneath the surface of the human body.” Although
doctors may have quickly made it known that they could use x-rays to diagnose
maladies, there is no reason to believe that this ability was a secret or something
private. Therefore, it does not make logical sense to suggest that the doctors were
quick to “divulge” their newfound ability.
(A) bequeath
(B) deny
(C) exploit
(D) finesse
(E) divulge
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3 Though he was fascinated by the ------- behavior of others, Darek was, by contrast,the model of ------- in his own comportment.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. “Unorthodox” means not following tradition or convention.
“Conformity” is a tendency to behave in ways that are socially acceptable. If one
were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read “Though he was
fascinated by the unorthodox behavior of others, Darek was, by contrast, the model
of conformity in his own comportment.” The word “Though” and the phrase“by contrast” indicate that the missing terms will describe opposing types of
behavior. The “unorthodox,” or unconventional, behavior of others contrasts with
Darek’s own “conformity.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. “Hedonistic” means pursuing pleasure and happiness.
“Recklessness” is irresponsibility and a lack of caution. If one were to insert
these terms into the text, the sentence would read “Though he was fascinated by
the hedonistic behavior of others, Darek was, by contrast, the model of
recklessness in his own comportment.” The word “Though” and the phrase “by
contrast” indicate that the missing terms will describe opposing types of behavior.The terms “hedonistic” and “reckless” are not necessarily in opposition to each
other. Hedonism, or the pursuit of pleasure, can sometimes involve irresponsible
behavior and a lack of caution.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. “Restless” means continuously moving or unsettled.“Agitation” is a state of emotional disturbance. If one were to insert these termsinto the text, the sentence would read “Though he was fascinated by the restless
behavior of others, Darek was, by contrast, the model of agitation in his own
comportment.” The word “Though” and the phrase “by contrast” indicate
that the missing terms will describe opposing types of behavior. The terms
“restless” and “agitation” are not necessarily in opposition to each other
because both terms can refer to a state of being unsettled or disturbed.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. “Egotistical” means having an exaggerated sense of self-importance. “Extremity” is a tendency to commit drastic or desperate acts. If onewere to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read “Though he was
fascinated by the egotistical behavior of others, Darek was, by contrast, the model
of extremity in his own comportment.” The word “Though” and the phrase “by
contrast” indicate that the missing terms will describe opposing types of behavior.The terms “egotistical” and “extremity” are not necessarily in opposition to
each other. Someone could have both an exaggerated sense of self-importance and
a tendency to commit drastic acts.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “Unwieldy” means not easily managed or handledbecause of weight or complexity. “Rigidity” is the quality of being unyielding and
inflexible. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would read
“Though he was fascinated by the unwieldy behavior of others, Darek was, by
contrast, the model of rigidity in his own comportment.” Although the second termmakes sense in this context, the first term does not. While the term “unwieldy”
can be used to describe something that is difficult to handle because of its physical
properties or that is difficult to manage because of its complexity, it does not make
sense to describe a person’s behavior as “unwieldy.”
(A) hedonistic . . recklessness
(B) unorthodox . . conformity
(C) restless . . agitation
(D) egotistical . . extremity
(E) unwieldy . . rigidity
4 Teachers who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacy skills
often use class time to ------- these media.
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ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. “To deride” means to ridicule or treat with contemptuous
mirth. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“Teachers who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacy
skills often use class time to deride these media.” Teachers who think cartoons
and comic books are harmful to their students’ literacy skills would probably want
to discourage their students from reading these media. Therefore, it is reasonable
to suggest that these teachers often use class time to “deride,” or ridicule,
cartoons and comic books.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B : Choice (B) is incorrect. “To rationalize” means to cause something to seem
reasonable. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“Teachers who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacy
skills often use class time to rationalize these media.” It is unlikely that teachers
would “rationalize” media that they consider to be harmful to their students’
literacy skills.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. “To vindicate” means to defend or to provide justification.
If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “Teachers
who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacy skills often
use class time to vindicate these media.” It is unlikely that teachers would
“vindicate,” or defend, cartoons and comic books if they consider these media tobe harmful to their students’ literacy skills.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. “To foster” means to encourage or to promote the growth
of something. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“Teachers who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacyskills often use class time to foster these media.” It is unlikely that teachers would“foster,” or promote the growth of, cartoons and comic books if they considerthese media to be harmful to their students’ literacy skills.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “To annotate” means to provide explanatory notes for a
written work. If one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read
“Teachers who consider cartoons and comic books harmful to students’ literacyskills often use class time to annotate these media.” Teachers who considercartoons and comic books to be harmful to students’ literacy skills would probably
not “annotate” these media. It is unlikely that these teachers would use class
time to provide explanatory notes for written works they consider harmful.
(A) deride
(B) rationalize
(C) vindicate
(D) foster
(E) annotate
5Because he had decided not to ------- himself through the sales of his new product,the inventor anonymously donated all profits to charity.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
(A) compromise
(B) invigorate
(C) impoverish
(D) aggrandize
(E) debilitate
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Choice (D) is correct. “To aggrandize” means to make wealthy. If one were toinsert this term into the text, the sentence would read “Because he had decided
not to aggrandize himself through the sales of his new product, the inventor
anonymously donated all profits to charity.” Donating profits to charity is a logical
result of the inventor’s decision not to “aggrandize” himself, or make himself
wealthy.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A : Choice (A) is incorrect. “To compromise” means to expose oneself to suspicion. If
one were to insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “Because he
had decided not to compromise himself through the sales of his new product, the
inventor anonymously donated all profits to charity.” Nothing in the sentence
indicates that the inventor would be compromised, or exposed to suspicion, if he
kept the profits from his new product. There is not necessarily anything suspicious
about making a profit from the sale of a product.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. “To invigorate” means to energize. If one were to insert
this term into the text, the sentence would read “Because he had decided not to
invigorate himself through the sales of his new product, the inventor anonymously
donated all profits to charity.” Although one might find it invigorating to
successfully sell a new product, it is illogical to suggest that the inventor’s decision
to anonymously donate his profits was a result of his decision not to “invigorate,”
or energize, himself.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. “To impoverish” means to make poor. If one were to
insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “Because he had decided
not to impoverish himself through the sales of his new product, the inventor
anonymously donated all profits to charity.” It is illogical to suggest that the
inventor would donate his profits in order to avoid making himself poor.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “To debilitate” means to weaken. If one were to insertthis term into the text, the sentence would read “Because he had decided not to
debilitate himself through the sales of his new product, the inventor anonymously
donated all profits to charity.” There is no reason to believe that keeping profits
from the sales of the product would weaken the inventor, so it does not make sense
to say that the inventor donated the profits in order to avoid debilitating himself.
6 Once he had ------- sufficient ------- information, Randall felt confident in publishinghis daring article incriminating the local politician.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. “To obtain” means to gather or to gain. “Corroborating”
means supporting or confirming with evidence. If one were to insert these terms
into the text, the sentence would read “Once he had obtained sufficient
corroborating information, Randall felt confident in publishing his daring article
incriminating the local politician.” If Randall wrote an article that would
incriminate, or expose the crimes or fault of, the local politician, he would need
evidence to support his claims. Obtaining, or gathering, “corroborating”
information would most likely make Randall feel confident in publishing his article.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. “To write” means to compose a written work.“Substantial” means important and essential. If one were to insert these terms
into the text, the sentence would read “Once he had written sufficient substantial
(A) written . . substantial
(B) believed . . sensational
(C) obtained . . corroborating
(D) reported . . hackneyed
(E) discovered . . contradicting
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sense to say that notifying the police was the homeowner’s only “bromide.”
Requesting the help of the police is not a tiresome or hackneyed statement or idea.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. “Reckoning” is a settling of accounts. If one were to
insert this term into the text, the sentence would read “Since her personal pleas
had failed to make her noisy neighbors change their ways, the homeowner felt that
her only reckoning was to notify the police.” While the homeowner might see
notifying the police as a settling of the problem with her neighbors, it does not
really make sense in this context to refer to the problem as an account that could
be settled.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “Forbearance” is an act of patience. If one were to insert
this term into the text, the sentence would read “Since her personal pleas had
failed to make her noisy neighbors change their ways, the homeowner felt that her
only forbearance was to notify the police.” It is somewhat illogical to say that
notifying the police was an act of patience. On the contrary, it is most likely that the
homeowner decided to notify the police because she had lost her patience with her
noisy neighbors.
8Despite pressure from reporters to discuss the scandal in which Senator Scottsdale
was currently ------- , the press secretary would not ------- the details of the
senator’s upcoming public address.
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. “Embroiled” means involved in a difficulty or conflict. “To
divulge” means to reveal or make public. If one were to insert these terms intothe text, the sentence would read “Despite pressure from reporters to discuss the
scandal in which Senator Scottsdale was currently embroiled, the press secretary
would not divulge the details of the senator’s upcoming public address.” The useof “despite” implies that the reporters were applying pressure in order to get thepress secretary to give them details about the senator’s upcoming speech; in
spite of this pressure, however, the press secretary refuses to make public the
contents of this speech so that the reporters, interested in news about the scandal,
do not know what to expect.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. “Imbued” means inspired, influenced thoroughly, or
pervaded.“
To rescind”
means to remove or take back. If one were to insertthese terms into the text, the sentence would read “Despite pressure from
reporters to discuss the scandal in which Senator Scottsdale was currently imbued,
the press secretary would not rescind the details of the senator’s upcoming publicaddress.” Neither term makes sense in this context. Even if the senator had been
influenced by the scandal or it had pervaded his life, it would not make sense to say
he was “imbued” in it. It is also illogical to say that the press secretary refused
to take back information that has not yet been given out.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. “Connected” means linked. “To consort” means to
unite or associate. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence
would read “Despite pressure from reporters to discuss the scandal in which
Senator Scottsdale was currently connected, the press secretary would not consort
the details of the senator’s upcoming public address.” While the senator
certainly could be linked to a scandal, it does not make sense to say that the
secretary would not "consort," or associate with, the details.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. “Entangled” means involved, usually in a perplexing ortroublesome situation. “To repeal” means to revoke or rescind by an
(A) imbued . . rescind
(B) connected . . consort
(C) entangled . . repeal
(D) embroiled . . divulge
(E) compliant . . quash
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authoritative act. If one were to insert these terms into the text, the sentence would
read “Despite pressure from reporters to discuss the scandal in which Senator
Scottsdale was currently entangled, the press secretary would not repeal the details
of the senator’s upcoming public address.” The first term makes sense here: the
senator could certain be involved in a troublesome way in a scandal. But it makes
little sense to say that the secretary refused to “repeal,” or revoke, information
that has not yet been given out.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. “Compliant” means submissive or willing to comply. “To
quash” means to suppress or extinguish. If one were to insert these terms into the
text, the sentence would read “Despite pressure from reporters to discuss the
scandal in which Senator Scottsdale was currently compliant, the press secretary
would not quash the details of the senator’s upcoming public address.” It is
unlikely that a senator would be submissive to or willing to comply with a scandal.
Additionally, it makes little sense to say that the secretary refused to “quash,” or
suppress, information that has not yet been given out.
Modern historians use the terms “ feudalism” and “ manorialism” to refer to the
ways that medieval European societies were organized.
Passage 1
Passage 2
“Feudalism” is one of those words that have taken on so many extended and figurative meanings that the originalLine meaning has been obscured. Today any5 oppressive government, greedy landholder, or brutal exploiter of labor is called feudal—always with disapproval. This is unfair to feudalism. The word is also often confused with the “manorial
10 system,” which tied peasants to the land
they worked. Feudalism is a total organization of society. It is a scheme of political organization, based in law and overlapping with social and economic15 organization.
Older historians used the term “feudalism” for the whole medieval social order, which was a peasant society dominated by a
military, land-owning aristocracy. Modern20 usage generally restricts the word to the network of relations between tenants and lords within the aristocracy. The system governing the peasant’s relation to the lord, which was the economic foundation25 of medieval society, is usually designated the “manorial system.” The relationships embodied in the feudal and manorial systems were simple enough in theory: In the manorial system, a peasant labored30 for a lord in return for land of his own; in the feudal system, a lord held lands from the king or the overlord in return for
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supplying soldiers on demand.
9 Which of the following is closest to what the author of Passage 1 means by the phrase“This is unfair to feudalism” (line 8)?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer D :
Choice (D) is correct. In this section of the passage, “this” refers back to the
previous sentence: “Today any oppressive government, greedy landholder, or
brutal exploiter of labor is called feudal—always with disapproval.” The author of
Passage 1 has also just reminded us that “the original meaning [of feudalism] has
been obscured” through overuse and misuse. It can be inferred, then, that the
unfairness the author sees is a result of this oversimplification and that the term, in
the author’s view, should not have “only negative connotations,” or should not
be associated only with greed, oppression, and brutality.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not comment on whether or
not the term “feudalism” should be used figuratively, but, rather, is concerned
that the term has unfortunately taken on nothing but negative connotations. This
author is not stating or suggesting that “feudalism” should be used only in the
literal sense.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not say that “feudalism”
should not be used to refer to a system of government; rather, the author says that
the term should not be associated only with oppressive forms of government.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does not comment on how those
who lived under feudalism would have felt about the term itself, nor that they even
used the term.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. The author of Passage 1 does think that the term
“feudalism” has been misused, but does not say that the term has becomemeaningless; on the contrary, the author says that the “original meaning” of theword has become “obscured,” and that in current usage, the term has only
negative connotations.
(A) “Feudalism” should not be used figuratively.
(B) “Feudalism” should not be used to refer to a system of government.
(C) Those who lived in feudal societies would disapprove of the way the termis currently used.
(D) “Feudalism” should not necessarily have only negative connotations.
(E) “Feudalism” has been misused to the extent that the term no longer has
a meaning.
10The word “extended” in line 2 most nearly means
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. In this sentence, the author is saying that the term
“feudalism” has acquired so many “extended and figurative” meanings that its
original meaning has been mostly forgotten. Before finally defining feudalism at the
end of Passage 1, the author goes through various negative meanings that the
(A) prolonged
(B) expanded
(C) removed
(D) allocated
(E) intensive
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word has “taken on” to its detriment. From its start as “a total organization ofsociety,” feudalism has, in the modern mind, come to symbolize oppression,
servitude, and other such woes; these are part of its “extended,” or expanded,
meanings—in the author’s view, erroneous ones.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. In this sentence, the author is decrying the “extended and
figurative” meanings that the term “feudalism” has acquired. While the newdefinitions may indeed be “prolonged” in the sense of being long-lasting, it is the
number of new connotations that the author is concentrating on here—the term’s“expansion.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. In this sentence, the author is decrying the “extended and
figurative” meanings that the term “feudalism” has acquired. While
“removed” can mean “distanced,” and while the author can be said to be
speaking of definitions that are “distanced” from the original, this would be a
cumbersome and awkward way of getting at the intended meaning—that the term
has “expanded” in definition.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. In this sentence, the author is decrying the “extended andfigurative” meanings that the term “feudalism” has acquired. In this context, it
would make little sense to say that the term has taken on “allocated,” ordesignated, new meanings.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. In this sentence, the author is decrying the “extended andfigurative” meanings that the term “feudalism” has acquired. In this context, itwould make little sense to say that the term has taken on “intensive,” or
concentrated, new meanings.
11According to the author of Passage 2, the term “manorial” refers to
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer C :
Choice (C) is correct. In the third sentence of Passage 2—while trying to distinguishbetween manorialism and feudalism—the author says that the manorial system isusually defined as “the system governing the peasant’s relation to the lord,which was the economic foundation of medieval society.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does mention “the whole medievalsocial order,” but connects it with the term “feudalism” rather than with theterm “manorialism”: “Older historians used the term ‘feudalism’ for the
whole medieval social order.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does mention relationships
“between tenants and lords within the aristocracy,” but connects theserelationships with the term “feudalism” rather than with the term“manorialism”: “Modern usage generally restricts the word to the network of
relations between tenants and lords within the aristocracy.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. The author of Passage 2 does mention the exchange of
military protection for land ownership, but connects it with the term “feudalism”
(A) the whole medieval social order
(B) the relationships among the members of the medieval aristocracy
(C) the economic relationship between medieval peasants and lords
(D) the exchange of military protection for land ownership
(E) the system of laws governing overlords
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rather than with the term “manorialism”: “in the feudal system, a lord heldlands from the king or the overlord in return for supplying soldiers on demand.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. The only mention in Passage 2 of overlords has to do with
military protection in feudalism, not manorialism: “in the feudal system, a lord
held lands from the king or the overlord in return for supplying soldiers on
demand.”
12 Compared with the tone of Passage 1, the tone of Passage 2 is more
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. Whereas the tone of Passage 1 is opinionated, evenargumentative—“Today any oppressive government, greedy landholder, or brutal
exploiter of labor is called feudal—always with disapproval. This is unfair to
feudalism”—the tone of Passage 2 is, by comparison, unemotional, or
“objective.” Since Passage 2 is largely concerned with definitions, this objectivity
is appropriate: “Older historians used,” “Modern usage generally restricts,”
and other such phrases inject a decidedly unemotional, rational tone.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. While it might be valid to call Passage 1 “disdainful”—
that is, disdainful of those who have overused and misused the term
“feudalism”—the tone of Passage 2 is objective, dispassionate, and explanatory.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. It would be hard to find anything particularly “lively” or
colorful in Passage 2, either in comparison with Passage 1 or not. The tone of
Passage 2 is objective, dispassionate, and explanatory.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. While it might be valid to call Passage 1
“unsympathetic”—that is, unsympathetic with those who have overused andmisused the term “feudalism—the tone of Passage 2 is objective, dispassionate,
and explanatory.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. While Passage 1 could accurately be called
“argumentative”—that is, it argues that the term “feudalism” has unfairly
been misused and overused—the tone of Passage 2 is, by comparison, objective,dispassionate, and explanatory.
(A) objective
(B) disdainful
(C) lively
(D) unsympathetic
(E) argumentative
In the following excerpt from a novel, Samuel Tyne, a Canadian of Ghanaian descent,
returns to work at the Canadian Ministry of Economics after attending his uncle’s
funeral.
His overt melancholy aggravated his boss, for it made Samuel hard to approach. Just a glance into Samuel’s
Line cubicle gave his co-workers much to gloat5 about. It seemed a wonder he was such an exacting employee, with the swift but pitiful stride that brought him,
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disillusioned, to the threshold of every meeting. Yet he was so indispensable in10 that ministry that his co-workers regretted every slur they flung at him, lest the slights drive him to suicide. For not only would the department collapse without his doting, steady logic to balance it, but it15 seemed at times that the entire Canadian economy depended on the reluctant, soft- wristed scribbling he did in his green ledger. There Samuel sat each day,20 painfully tallying his data, his pencil poised like a scalpel in his hand, frowning at the gruesome but inevitable task ahead of him. Dwarfed by a monstrous blue suit, Samuel would finger the mournful
25 pre-war bowler that never left his head. And it was such an earnest sight, such an intimate window into a man whose nature seemed to be all windows—people wondered if he actually had a public self —
30 that he might have been the only man in the world to claim vulnerability as his greatest asset. The day after the funeral, Samuel returned to work to find a note from his35 bosses on his desk: Come See Us. What could they possibly reprimand him for? He was a fast and diligent worker, with enough gumption to use a little imaginative reasoning when40 some economic nuisance called for it. He was punctual and tidy, not overly familiar with his co-workers; quite simply, the best employee they had. Rather than indignation, though, Samuel only felt fear.45 To buy himself time, he crumpled a few
clean papers from his ledger, and walked the narrow aisles between cubicles to throw them in the hallway garbage bin. He returned to find both bosses,
50 Dombey and Son*, as he’d nicknamed
them, at his desk. Dombey’s German sense of humor failed to translate, at least to Samuel, who always overdid his laugh to mask confusion. Son, whose current55 prestige was pure nepotism, looked at
Samuel with the coldness that cloaked all of his dealings, as if he knew he was inept and needed to compensate.
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“Tyne,” Dombey said, “we need to
60 talk about the Olds account.” Samuel pinched the brim of his hat with his thumbs. “Ah, yes. Sorry, yes. I think, sir, I handed that in before I took day leave for my uncle’s funeral.”
65
“It contains a dreadful error,
” said Son, blinking violently behind his glasses.
He jerked the report at Samuel. There it was, plain as day, on page six. A miscalculation Samuel must have70 made while thinking about Jacob’s death and the house. He stood there, hat in hand, aghast. “We realize,” continued Son, “that the job sometimes gets stressful. That,75 per se, there are times when one cannot always be as on-the-ball as is required. But this defies all. Not only is it not up to standard, it’s downright misleading.” That was the way Son spoke, as80 though he hadn’t mastered the bureaucratic language, wielding phrases such as “per se” and “not up to standard” like the residue of some management handbook. Even Dombey seemed85 perplexed by this at times.
The muscle in Samuel’s cheek trembled. He nodded. “We understand you’ve just suffered a big loss, Samuel,” said
90 Dombey, “but as you know this is a federal workplace. What would happen, say, if you made this kind of error daily? Now, we’re certainly not saying that you do. But what would happen? I’ll tell you
95 what would happen. You’d have ladies
collapsing in ten-hour lines just to get a loaf of bread to feed their families. You’d have children skipping school because there aren’t enough clothes to go around.
100 Babies dying without milk. Old folks crumbling in their rockers. It’d be pandemonium with a capital P— depression. We are the economy. We answer to the prime minister. There is no105 room for error here.” Dombey scratched his head and looked wistful. “Oh, don’t look so glum.” Again, Samuel nodded. Son, fearing his role in the
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110 reprimand unnecessary, added, “We are, of course, deeply sorry for your loss, but you must remember our country is in your hands.” Dombey frowned at Son, and the115 two men walked off. When they left, Samuel heard through the divider the rude laughter of Sally Mather. His face burning, he sat at his desk, and picking up his green ledger, tried to make up for the120 ten minutes lost time.
* Dombey and Son is a novel by the English writerCharles Dickens.
13 In line 20, the word “painfully” is closest in meaning to
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer A :
Choice (A) is correct. In this context, “painfully” most closely means
“laboriously.” Tyne’s job is “tallying … data” and is a “gruesome but
inevitable task,” descriptions that imply something monotonous and never-ending
but something he has to do. Even so, Tyne performs the task with concentratedattention because he is an “exacting employee” and a “fast and diligent
worker.”
Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :
Choice (B) is incorrect. Although Tyne’s work might be critical (“it seemed at
times that the entire Canadian economy depended on” Tyne), Tyne does not
perform his job “critically,” or in a critical manner. Instead, “painfully” most
closely means “laboriously.” Tyne’s job is “tallying … data” and is a“gruesome but inevitable task,” descriptions that imply something monotonous
and never-ending but something he has to do.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C : Choice (C) is incorrect. Tyne’s job does not require Tyne to perform it withsensitivity. Instead, “painfully” most closely means “laboriously.” Tyne’s jobis “tallying … data” and is a “gruesome but inevitable task,” descriptions that
imply something monotonous and never-ending but something he has to do.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. Tyne does not perform his job in a harmful way, and
performing the job does not harm Tyne. Instead, “painfully” most closely means“laboriously.” Tyne’s job is “tallying … data” and is a “gruesome but
inevitable task,” descriptions that imply something monotonous and never-ending
but something he has to do.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. It would make no sense to say that Tyne performs his job
“acutely,” or severely. Instead, “painfully” most closely means
“laboriously.” Tyne’s job is “tallying … data” and is a “gruesome butinevitable task,” descriptions that imply something monotonous and never-ending
but something he has to do.
(A) laboriously
(B) critically
(C) sensitively
(D) harmfully
(E) acutely
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14 In line 22, the word “gruesome” is closest in meaning to
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. As used in line 22, “gruesome” most closely means
“repugnant.” Although Tyne is an “exacting employee” and a “fast anddiligent worker,” he dislikes the work. Each day Tyne sits at his desk, “painfully
tallying his data” and “frowning” at the work in front of him.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. Tyne’
s work is not“
shocking”
or surprising to him. Heperforms the work each day. Instead, the work is “repugnant.” Although Tyne is
an “exacting employee” and a “fast and diligent worker,” he dislikes the work.
Each day Tyne sits at his desk, “painfully tallying his data” and “frowning” at
the work in front of him.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. Although “gruesome” can mean “frightening,” that is
not the meaning here. Tyne is not frightened by his work. He is bored and
disgusted with it.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :
Choice (D) is incorrect. Tyne’s work is not “crude.” It is boring and“repugnant” paperwork.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :
Choice (E) is incorrect. Tyne’s work is not “sensational” or exciting. On thecontrary, it is boring and “repugnant” paperwork.
(A) shocking
(B) repugnant
(C) frightening
(D) crude
(E) sensational
15
The second paragraph implies that Tyne’s clothes make him appear which of the
following?
ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS
Explanation for Correct Answer B :
Choice (B) is correct. Tyne’s clothes make him appear “pathetic.” The suit Tyne
wears every day is much too large for him (“dwarfed by a monstrous blue suit”),
and his hat, which “never left his head,” is very much out of style (“mournfulpre-war bowler”). These descriptions imply that the clothes are hand-me-downs or
perhaps purchased from a used-clothing store and certainly that they were not
Tyne’s originally. The description is meant to suggest that he looks silly.
Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :
Choice (A) is incorrect. Tyne’s clothes are not “casual.” Tyne wears a suit and
hat to work.
(A) Casual
(B) Pathetic
(C) Stylish
(D) Proud
(E) Inappropriate
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Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :
Choice (C) is incorrect. Tyne’s clothes are certainly not “stylish.” Instead, they
are unstylish and make Tyne appear “pathetic.” The suit Tyne wears
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