Potential use of Sargassum cinereumbiomass for removal of Lead: Kinetics, biomass for removal of Lead: Kinetics,
Isotherms, Thermodynamic and
Characterization Studies
Kishore Kumar Kadimpati
Siva Jyothi Jonna
Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point and Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sourcesand Nonpoint Sources
Collection and preparation of biomass
Collected from Andaman Nicobar islands, washed
thoroughly to remove debris, shade dried
powdered in domestic mixer. Powdered biomass
is rinsed with demineralized water and dried in
oven at 70°C, sieved trough 100 sieve and
stored in dehumidifier for further studies.
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stored in dehumidifier for further studies.
The major advantages of biosorption over conventionaltreatment methods include
¯ Low cost
¯ High efficiency
¯ Minimization of chemical and biological
sludge
¯ No additional nutrient requirement
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¯ No additional nutrient requirement
¯ Regeneration of biosorbent and
¯ Possibility of metal recovery
To determine the metal calculations in the parameters the
following equation is used:
MODEL CALCULATION
Where qe = metal uptake (mg/g).
V = volume of metal solution (lit).
Ci = Initial concentration (mg/L).
Cf = Final concentration (mg/L).
w = Mass of the adsorbent (gm).
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55In
itia
l L
ead
(II)
co
ncen
trati
on
, m
g/L
Pb (II)-Equilibrium time
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5
10
15
20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Init
ial L
ead
(II)
co
ncen
trati
on
, m
g/L
Time, min
5 g/L 10 g/L 15 g/L 20 g/L
4
6
8q
e, m
g/g
Effect of pH
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0
2
0 20 40 60 80
Ce, mg/L
pH 3 pH 4 pH 5 pH 6
60
65
70
75
80
85
0 50 100 150 200
% R
em
ov
al
of
Lead
(II)
Initial Pb (II) concentration, mg/L
pH 3 pH 4 pH 5 pH 6
7
8
Effect of Initial metal Conc.
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 50 100 150 200
qe, m
g/g
Initial Pb(II) concentration, mg/L
pH 3 pH 4 pH 5 pH 6
60
65
70
75
80
85
% R
em
ov
al
of
Pb
(II
)Effect of Biomass weight
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45
50
55
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Biomass weight, g/L
24.8 mg/L 48.3 mg/L 96.3 mg/L 148.2 mg/L 186.7 mg/L
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
qe
, m
g/g
Effect of Biomass weight
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0
5
10
15
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Biomass weight, g/L
24.8 mg/L 48.3 mg/L 96.3 mg/L 148.2 mg/L 186.7 mg/L
65
70
75
80
85
% R
em
ov
al
of
Lead
(II)
Effect of Temperature
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55
60
295 300 305 310 315 320 325
Temperature, °°°°K
24.8 mg/L 48.3 mg/L 96.3 mg/L 148.2 mg/L 186.7 mg/L
0.6
0.7
0.8
Pb(II)- Freundlich Isotherm TEMP0
K KF{mg g-
1)(mg L
-1)n} n R
2
298 2.95053 1.283532 0.9981
308 4.762116 1.216545 0.9997
313 6.343077 1.162115 0.9987
323 9.206615 1.130454 0.9998
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-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
log
qe
log Ce
298 K 308 K 313 K 323 K
16
Pb(II)- Langmuir Isotherm
Ce/qe=Ce/qm
+1/KLqm
Temp qm 1/KL KL R2
298 298 9.756098 50.93659 0.019632 0.9698
308 308 10.02004 66.52505 0.015032 0.9482
313 313 12.67427 109.4829 0.009134 0.9931
323 323 14.51379 154.3541 0.006479 0.9694
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4
7
10
13
4 24 44 64 84
Ce/q
e
Ce, mg/L
298 K 308 K 313 K 323 K
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
log
(C
ad
/Ce)
Pb(II)- Thermodynamics
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0
0.003075 0.003125 0.003175 0.003225 0.003275 0.003325 0.0033751/T
24.8 mg/L 48.3 mg/L 96.3 mg/L 148.2 mg/L 186.7 mg/L
CT ∆∆∆∆H ∆∆∆∆S T ∆∆∆∆g=h-ts
24.86 -35.0393 -104.488 298 31.10235
48.319 -30.0725 -89.5282 308 27.54462
96.34 -30.1357 -90.4626 313 28.28465
148.23 -25.8506 -77.5612 323 25.02643
186.71 -24.7362 -74.5437 31.10235
�Enthalpy Change is negative, so the process is
Exothermic nature.
�Gibbs free Energy change is negative it indicates
spontaneous process.
Pb(II)- Kinetics
First order kinetics
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
log
(q
e-q
t)
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-1.2
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Time, min
0.25 g 0.50 g 0.75 g 1 g
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
t/q
t, m
in m
g/g
Pb(II)- Kinetics
Pseudo Second order kinetics
B.W qe qe2*constant K
0.1 g 7.686395 237.9238 0.001355
0.25 g 4.00641 96.43634 0.01037
0.5 g 2.816901 54.77959 0.018255
1 g 2.250731 33.49399 0.029856
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0
10
20
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time, min
0.25 g 0.50 g 0.75 g 1 g
�From the Equilibrium kinetics second –
order model is well satisfied.
S.No Band shift position, cm-1
DescriptionUn loaded
Biomass
Loaded with
Pb2
1 2947.68 2918 C–H stretching vibrations due to lignins
(Ahmet et al., 2007)
2 2145.97 2156 Thiocyanate (–SCN)
3 1925.97 1964 Combination of aromatic bonds
4 1508.85 --------- –NH stretching vibration at peptidic bond of
protein (Hui and Yu, 2007)
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protein (Hui and Yu, 2007)
5 1459.80 1439 Symmetric bending vibrations of alkane
bonds (–CH3) (Ahmet et al., 2007)
6 1098.65 1078 C–N, PO34 (ortho phosphate) and organic
siloxanes (Deepa et al., 2007)
6 1007.60 1013 C–O characterized by polysaccharides in the
biomass (Sujoy and Arun, 2007)
7 876.73 865 (–CH)- 1,3 substitution at aromatic aryl rings
8 798.80 --------- presence of siliceous (Si–C) (Vítor et al,
2009)
Unloaded S. cenereum
After Pb+2 adsorption the particles have
granular, complex, uneven and porous
surface textures that were not found in
the native biomass S. Cinereum algal
powder. The similar results were
observed in case of Cd+2, Cu+2 on the
surface of the Acacia leucocephala bark
powder (Subbaiah et al., 2010).
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Pb (II) loaded S. cenereum
powder (Subbaiah et al., 2010).
• Uptake of metal ions by adsorbent increases with increases in
adsorbate concentration.
• Uptake of metal ions increases with increase in pH of solution up to
certain extent and then decreases.
• Decline in sorption capacity with increasing the temperature may be
attributed to the physical adsorption.
Conclusions
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• From the linear Isotherm analysis it is clear that the Freundlich
Isotherm well satisfied than Langmuir models.
• The coefficients of the model equation are good agreement with the
values obtained in graphical analysis.
• The metal uptaking capacity is 7.22 mg/g at pH 5.
• The significant change in the wave number reveals, that the
involvement of the C–H stretching vibrations (lignins) (Ahmet
et al., 2007) and Thiocynates in the biosorption process
• After Pb+2 adsorption the particles have
granular, complex, uneven and porous surface textures
that were not found in the native biomass S. Cinereum
algal powder.
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algal powder.
• S. Cinereum is promising biomass useful for the removal of
Pb(II) from waste water.
Authors are thankful to DST-SERB
(SERB/F/4631/2013-14 dated 17.10.2013) for
the financial support for this work.
Mallareddy College of Pharmacy
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