ODOR CONTROL ODOR CONTROL
SARBS Training SeminarSARBS Training SeminarOdor Control, Secondary Treatment, Math,
and Plant System Maintenance
June 5, 2013
D L i P EDoug Lanning, P.E.
Presentation Outline
WWTP Odors Odor Control Strategies Odor Treatment Technologies Example Project Alternative Configuration
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WWTP Odors
Amines (fishy) Ammonia Diamines (decayed flesh) Hydrogen Sulfide (rotten eggs)y g ( gg ) Mercaptans (skunk) Organic Sulfides (rotten cabbage) Organic Sulfides (rotten cabbage) Skatole (fecal)
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Better Odor
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Major Sources of WWTP Odors
Headworks – target H2S, reduced sulfur Headworks target H2S, reduced sulfur compounds
Grit and screenings handling areasG t a d sc ee gs a d g a eas Dewatering and sludge truck loading –
target VOCsg
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Odor Sampling & Measurement
Odor constituents Hydrogen sulfideHydrogen sulfide Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl disulfide Etc.
Odor units or Dilution to threshold (D/T) Threshold – Only half of a group of panelists
can smell the odor in a diluted samplecan smell the odor in a diluted sample. The number of times the sample had to be
diluted to reach the threshold is the number
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of odor units, or D/T.
Air Dispersion Modeling
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WWTP Odor Control Strategies
ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment
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WWTP Odor Control Strategies
ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment
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Containment Strategies
Covered channels, tanks, binsCovered channels, tanks, bins Equipment enclosures Equipment selectionEquipment selection Buildings Physical curtains Physical curtains Air curtains
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Odor Containment – Salem, OR
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Odor Containment - OCSD
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Odor Containment – Clark County, NV
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Odor Curtains
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WWTP Odor Control Strategies
ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment
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Foul Air Collection
Point source draw-offPoint source draw off Keep odor source areas under negative
pressurep essu e Draw air away from the work areas Ventilation rates may be dictated by area Ventilation rates may be dictated by area
electrical classification requirements
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Building Air Drawn Into Bar Screen Channels
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WWTP Odor Control Strategies
ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment
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Odor Treatment Technologies
Biological scrubbersBiological scrubbers Biofilters Biotrickling filtersg
Chemical scrubbers (caustic and hypochlorite scrubbers)
Adsorption units (activated carbon)
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Biofilter
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Biofilters• Proven performance for a diverse mix of complex odors and
VOCs• Greater than 99% H2S removal and 600 D/T• Media
• Organic - compost, wood chips, barkg p , p ,• Inorganic - lava rock, structured media
• Self-regulating, but requires biological acclimation period• Lowest operating and maintenance costs• Lowest operating and maintenance costs• No chemical storage or handling• Low profile• Soil filter type has larger footprint than scrubbers
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City of Roseville
Inland Empire
Cl k E t
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Clark County
Eastern Municipal
Biotrickling Filter
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Biotrickling Filters
• Very effective for high H2S loading• Greater than 98% H2S removal and 1000 D/TGreater than 98% H2S removal and 1000 D/T• Media - Acid resistant, high porosity inorganic natural or
structured synthetic media (foam, rock)• Optimum balance for growth of the bacteria and the • Optimum balance for growth of the bacteria and the
solubility of hydrogen sulfide is pH range of 2.0 to 3.0• Requires nutrient, e.g. secondary effluent
S lf l ti b t i bi l i l li ti i d• Self-regulating, but requires biological acclimation period• Low O&M costs• No chemical storage or handling• High or low profile• Small footprint
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Louisville St. Louis
OCSD D ll
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OCSD Dallas
Biological Media
Natural Media Synthetic Mediay
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Media Needs
Support the acclimation of a large diverse pp gmicrobial population
Provide pH buffering capabilities Have the ability to retain microbes Be physically stable Have a low pressure drop Have a low pressure drop Produce clear drainage water (leachate) Drain freely release excessive moistureDrain freely, release excessive moisture Have high bearing strength
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Chemical Scrubber
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Chemical Scrubbers
Very effective for high H2S loading Can achieve 99% H2S removal Can achieve 99% H2S removal Random packing material media Controls include pH and ORP sensorsControls include pH and ORP sensors Most complex and intensive O&M Require chemical storage and handlingq g g High or low profile Small footprint
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City of Benicia
City of Portland
Cl k
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Clark County
Activated Carbon Vessel
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Activated Carbon Effective for treating transient loads, intermittent
airflows, as a polishing stage, p g g Not suitable for higher H2S loadings Can achieve 99.9% removal efficiency and 100Can achieve 99.9% removal efficiency and 100
D/T Carbon types: Standard, Impregnated, Blended, yp , p g , ,
and Catalytic High O&M costg
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South Tahoe PUD
Clark County
PUD
W t
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West County
Combination Technologies
Provide the highest removal efficiencies and lowest D/Tlowest D/T.
Multiple stage treatments in separate units or single unit
First stage – inorganic media for removal of H2S and other related sulfur-based odor compounds pH~2-3
Second stage – organic media for removal of remaining sulfur compounds and VOCs, pH~7
Exceeds 99% removal efficiency 300 to 600 Exceeds 99% removal efficiency, 300 to 600 D/T and 100-200 D/T if carbon system is used as polishing stage
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WWTP Odor Control Strategies
ContainmentContainment Foul air collection Foul air treatmentFoul air treatment Other strategies: Air dispersionAir dispersion Liquid treatment
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Wastewater Odor Treatment Chemicals
Hydrogen Peroxide Magnesium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic soda) Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) Ferrous or Ferric Chloride Calcium Nitrate (Bioxide)
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Orange County Sanitation Orange County Sanitation District Plant No. 2
H d k R l tHeadworks Replacement
OCSD Plant No. 2
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Project Goals Replace Plant No. 2 Headworks Age of the structure – 45 years Location of earthquake faults (vulnerability) Upgrade equipment and layout
P t t d t f it Protect downstream processes from rags, grit Use Best Available Technology (BAT) Improve performance & reliability Reduce odors O&M friendly Full automationFull automation
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Biotrickling Filter Research
Optimize biological odor treatment Optimize biological odor treatment Effectively control odors Reduce use of chemicals Reduce operations and maintenance costs Minimize site space requirements
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Foam Biotrickling Filter Media
4 cm open pore polyurethane foam4 cm open pore polyurethane foam Zander, Germany
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Biotrickling Filter ResearchBiotrickling Filter ResearchBiotrickling Filter Research Biotrickling Filter Research Treated Air to Chemical ScrubbersTreated Air to Chemical Scrubbers
Gas Contact Time Gas Contact Time Approximately 2 Approximately 2 SecondsSecondsSecondsSeconds
Sewer Sewer TrunklineTrunkline
Packing MediaPacking MediaReplacedReplaced
with Foam Mediawith Foam Media
TrunklineTrunklineFour AirFour Air(H2S = 5(H2S = 5--35 ppm)35 ppm)
ChlorinatedChlorinatedSecondarySecondaryEffluentEffluent
with Foam Mediawith Foam Media(Bed Height = 9 feet)(Bed Height = 9 feet)
Replaced 7 hp Replaced 7 hp Recirculation Pump with aRecirculation Pump with a
SumpSump
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Recirculation Pump with a Recirculation Pump with a 0.5 hp Pump0.5 hp PumpFoul Air FanFoul Air Fan
(9,400 cfm)(9,400 cfm) Diameter = 6 FeetDiameter = 6 Feet
Foam Media
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Headworks Odor Control Headworks Odor Control
ToAtm
Process SchematicProcess Schematic
2 sec EBRT
P2-66Headworks
188,300 cfmFoam
Biotowers
Single-StageWet
Chemical Scrubbers
50 ppm H S 2 sec EBRT50 ppm H2S
FoamBiotowers
2 sec. EBRT
40,000 cfm
P2-66Trunklines& DiversionStructure
100 ppm H2S
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Headworks Odor Control Facility
Headworks Odor Control
Facility
Trunkline Odor Control Facility
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Control Facility
Headworks Odor Control Facility Schematic
8 Chemical ScrubbersSecond Stage PlenumSecond Stage Plenum
13 Bio Tower Scrubber SystemsFirst Stage PlenumFirst Stage Plenum
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Odor Control Towers ElevationOdor Control Towers ElevationFoam Media
Packing Media
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Trunkline Odor Control Facility
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Headworks Odor Control Facility
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Biological Alternatives
Vertical biotowersVertical biotowers Low profile horizontal bioscrubbers
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Low Profile Bio-Scrubber Section View
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Low Profile vs Vertical Scrubbers
i l filVertical Low Profile
Aesthetic - +
Energy - +Consumption
Accessibility - +
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Conclusions
Understand odors and objectives prior to evaluation of technologiesevaluation of technologies.
Use containment and collection strategies to reduce foul air.
Challenging odors may best be treated with a combination technology
Selection and design considerations: space constraints, ease of controls, aesthetics, redundancy ease of servicing costsredundancy, ease of servicing, costs.
Consider low profile package units in addition to towers.
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to towers.
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Doug Lanning, P.E.
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