Safety Guidelines
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Section12
Risk Management
1.0 The Organization shall implement process of Risk management which helps to identify, assess and
mitigate or minimize the Risk factor, which is always present in adventure activities. Risk management
maximizes the ability to deliver on objectives, promotes sound decision making, works to safeguard
participants and organizers including the wellbeing of leaders, instructors and guides and contributes
to meeting community and Government expectations for accountable and responsible way of
conducting adventure activities.
The Organization shall prepare Emergency Response Plan for high risk activities. The Management
shall review and approve ‘Emergency handling and Response Plan’ prior to commencement of the
event or outing.
2.0 Guidelines
2.1 Following procedure is recommended for Risk Management:
1. Define objectives of the program / activity.
2. Study an document relevant rules and regulations specifi to the country/region that the
programme is going to happen. Ensure that all requirements, especially statutory ones, are
complied with.
3. Identify the potential risks and classify by evaluating consequences of the assessed Risk into
categories; Low, Moderate, High, Extreme.
4. Risks are further classified as Loss or Damage to Property, Damage to Environment, Personal
Physical Injury and Damage and Personal Emotional Injury and Damage.
5. Determine the acceptance level of Risk involved.
6. According to classification of Risk, necessary infrastructure is introduced such as requisite
equipment, competent leaders and or instructors. It should also involve necessary external
agencies such as Insurance Companies for monetary compensation to limit the monetary
damage to the participants and organizers.
7. It is necessary to consistently monitor and document the Emergency Handling Mechanism
(mentioned below) is followed during and after the crisis by the overall supervisor.
8. The Analysis of the review is to be communicated to the wider audience in the community to
create awareness and to help in avoiding similar situations.
2.2 All participants and or stakeholders in an activity can be classified into four categories
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1. Novice: almost total lack of knowledge, unaware of possible consequences
2. Apprentice: basic awareness, but needs guidance for decision making
3. Competent: has enough knowledge to take routine decisions but may need directions in crisis.
4. Expert: Competent and has sufficient knowledge and confidence to guide the Risk
Management Procedures; can plan for and prevent adverse consequences
2.3 Risk Management is further complemented by setting criteria for participation and conduction of a
program / activity:
Level of Risks Involved Accepted level of Competency
for Participation
Types of Activities with involved
Risk Levels
Low Novices and Apprentices need
to be accompanied by
Competent and Experts in a
fixed predetermined ratio
For Example easy short or
multiday treks, Adventure
camps, easy high altitude treks
etc
Moderate Novices and Apprentices need
to be accompanied by
Competent and Experts in a
fixed, predetermined but higher
ratio
e.g. Moderately difficult Short or
Multiday Treks, High Altitude
Treks, Rock climbing Courses,
Easy Rock Climbing Expeditions
etc.
High Novices are completely
excluded. Few Apprentices
accompanied by Competent
and Experts in a fixed
predetermined ratio
e.g. Difficult Short or Multiday
Treks, High Altitude Treks, Rock
Climbing Expeditions,
Mountaineering Expeditions etc.
Extreme Novices and Apprentices are
completely excluded.
Competent are accompanied
by one or two Experts.
Very Difficult Rock climbing or
Mountaineering Expeditions etc.
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2.4 Emergency Handling Mechanism is described as follows:
2.4.1 Evaluation (Assessment): qualified person or persons (Expert) specifically designated for the
responsibility of evaluation or assessment and taking a decision about the Emergency Response is
nominated. Mechanism of Responding to Emergency can follow the following path.
Incident Response
Misfortunes (e.g. Blisters,
Thorn Prick etc)
Response Level 1: Leader or the First Aider addresses the issue.
Requisite treatment given. Incident documented. Schedule / Time
Frame impact minimal.
Minor Injuries / Incidents (e.g.
Sprains, wounds etc)
Response Level 2: Qualified First Aider addresses the issue and
administers treatment. Incident documented. External help sought if
necessary. Considerable Impact on Schedule / Time Frame.
Serious Injuries (but not life
threatening) where
evacuation of the casualty is
necessary.
Response Level 3: Qualified First Aider addresses the issue and
administers treatment. Incident documented. External help sought if
necessary. Evacuation procedures acted upon. Major Impact on
Schedule / Time Frame which may lead to abortion of the event.
Fatal / Near Fatal Incidents Response Level 4: Leader along with Qualified First Aider addresses
and evaluates, Emergency Handling Procedures are implemented.
Communication and Evacuation procedures acted upon. Major
Impact on Schedule / Time Frame which leads to abortion of the
event.
2.4.2 Organization shall prepare pre-determined ‘Emergency handling and Response Plan’ for all high risk
activities, which is pre-approved by the management of the organization. This plan is inclusive of
1. Response Protocol assigning responsibilities and Roles of the qualified individuals such as
Rescuers, First Aiders, Communicators, Supervision etc and to determine the path of handling the
crisis.
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2. Making sure the inclusion and availability of Necessary Equipment for Search, Rescue,
Evacuation and Communication in the Group.
3. Making sure the arrangements for Providing First Aid and or Medical Assistance are in place.
4. Making sure that each group has with it requisite amount of ‘emergency-cash’ to help in
handling emergency situations.
5. Communication and Reporting Mechanism will be taking care of the inclusion and availability of
communication equipment e.g. walkie-talkie sets. Also it will ensure the inclusion of specific
support persons e.g. Mail Runners, in case of very remote locations for quick communication and
reporting to the outside world.
6. Rescue and Evacuation Protocols and Procedures clearly defining the steps to be taken in case
of a crisis.
7. Post Incidence Debrief and Review.
3.0 Records for Verification
• Emergency Response Plan which is pre-approved by the management
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