S. PUSHPALATHA, Chairperson, Ekoventure NGO, Puducherry
IMPACT OF SRI IN COMBINATION WITH EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM TECHNOLOGY
EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM (E.M) TECHNOLOGY
E.M was founded in the early 1980s by Dr. Teruo Higa, Horticultural Professor, Japan
E.M is a group of co-existing microorganisms in a culture solution. They are:
Naturally available
Not genetically modified
Environmentally friendly
Display co-existence and co-prosperity
Photosynthetic bacteria are considered as the pivot of E.M technology
E.M contains mainly:
Lactic Acid BacteriaLactic Acid Bacteria(Lactobacillus casei) Found in yogurt and pickles, they produce lactic acid from Found in yogurt and pickles, they produce lactic acid from sugars and carbohydrates and suppress harmful micro-sugars and carbohydrates and suppress harmful micro-organisms and enhance decomposition of organic matterorganisms and enhance decomposition of organic matter
Photosynthetic BacteriaPhotosynthetic Bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas palustris) Synthesize useful substances like amino acids, nucleic Synthesize useful substances like amino acids, nucleic acids, etc. from organic matter and harmful gases(Hacids, etc. from organic matter and harmful gases(H22S)S)
Yeast Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Synthesize anti-microbial and other useful substances Synthesize anti-microbial and other useful substances required for plant growth from amino acids and sugars required for plant growth from amino acids and sugars produced by photosynthetic bacteria produced by photosynthetic bacteria
Transforms harmful gases such asammonia and hydrogen sulfide and converts them into odorless gases
OffensiveSmell
Ammonia
Hydrogen
Odorless Gas
Kitchen garbage,animal shed waste, sludge etc.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
The Bioactive Substances Such as Hormonesand Enzymes produced by YeastsPromote Active Cell and Root Division
Yeast
E.M Fermented Plant Extract (EM-FPE) to control pests
EM-FPE
E.M TECHNOLOGY IN SRI FIELDS
10. Euphorbia – Euphorbia tirucalli
2. Papaya – Carica papaya3. Vitex – Vitex negundo4. Pongam – Pongamia pinnata
7. Custard apple – Annona squamosa
6. Tulasi – Ocimum spp
5. Calotropis – Calotropis gigantea
8. Lantana – Lantana camara
9. Periwinkle – Vinca rosea
1. Neem – Azadirachta indica
About 10-15 types of locally available leaves are soaked with Activated E.M for 7 days
PROBLEMS FACED
1. Agricultural labourers unwilling to transplant young seedlings
2. Psychological fear of farmers
3. Improper water management – no proper drainage facilities
4. Regular monitoring of field by the farmer is required
Sl ACTI VI TY CONVENTIONAL SRI1 Seed cost 500 302 Nursery 260 1903 Main field prep. 2,588 2,5654 Transplanting 1,350 9005 Main field 2,420 1,7456 Harvest 1,900 1,900
Total 9,018 7,330
COST OF CULTIVATION
No. of fields
%No. of fields
%No. of fields
%No. of fields
%No. of fields
%
250 - 500 Kg 1 12.5 2 11.1 14 16.9 5 6.6 22 11.9
501 - 750 Kg 9 50.0 18 21.7 22 28.9 49 26.5
751 - 1000 Kg 2 25.0 2 11.1 10 12.0 12 15.8 26 14.1
1001 - 1250 Kg 1 12.5 1 5.6 9 10.8 7 9.2 18 9.7
1250 - 1500 Kg 2 25.0 1 5.6 16 19.3 13 17.1 32 17.3
1500 - 1750 Kg 1 12.5 4 4.8 3 3.9 8 4.3
1751 - 2000 Kg 8 9.6 7 9.2 15 8.1
> 2000 Kg 1 12.5 3 16.7 4 4.8 7 9.2 15 8.1
8 100 18 100 83 100 76 100 185 100
Range in INCREASE in
yield/ Ha
No. of farmers
TotalNavarai 2007 J an to May-
J un
Samba 2006 Aug - J an
Navarai 2006 J an - May
Sornavari '06 May -
Aug
RESULTS OF SRI FIELDS DURING JAN’06 TO JUNE’07
I ncrease in Yield/ Ha
12%
27%
14%10%
17%
4%
8%
8%
250 - 500 Kg
501 - 750 Kg
751 - 1000 Kg
1001 - 1250 Kg
1250 - 1500 Kg
1500 - 1750 Kg
1751 - 2000 Kg
> 2000 Kg
IMPACT OF SRI IN ADJOINING VILLAGES ….
1. Seed rate reduced – to 5-10 Kg per acre
2. Adopt row planting –25 cm between rows
3. Use cono-weeder
At present, to pluck seedlings for 1 acre, it costs Rs. 600 to Rs. 1000
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