Rwanda: Africa’s Emerging Mining Destination
Investment & Business Opportunities
SIX REASONS FOR INVESTING IN RWANDA'S MINING SECTOR
2
Consolidating and modernizing ASM sector ASM players being incentivized to consolidate and provided with equipment financing and training
World-class tin-tantalum-tungsten mining province 3T mining sector already supplies global markets; opportunity to optimise & expand
Significant untapped gold potential Known gold deposits in world-class regional gold belt that are ‘drill ready’
Modern exploration of highest priority Government undertaking exploration with SRK in seven sites and supporting mining operators in fund raising for large scale exploration
Prospectivity for high grade lithium Known occurrences of high grade lithium in Rwanda, with the potential for economic discoveries from more focused exploration
Rwanda offers a supportive legal & regulatory framework Strong government support to revitalise the mining sector and a new mining code
23 Project Areas available 23 Potential Target Areas (PTAs) identified that offer immediate opportunities for new entrants into the country’s mining sector
Early stage or drill ready The PTAs comprise a variety of development stages, from advanced to early stage exploration
Extensive exploration undertaken Data base from geophysical/geochemical programmes (regional/local) available
JV opportunities Existing licence holders are potential JV opportunities, with the government keen to encourage this to formalise the sector
Value addition opportunities These include opportunities to set up processing plants for tungsten, gemstone cutting and polishing centres and mining equipment and laboratory service centre
OPPORTUNITIES
WHY INVEST IN RWANDA?
RWANDA AT A GLANCE
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Population size
12.1 million
Official languages
Kinyarwanda,
French, English, Swahili
Literacy/Employment
70.5% / 83.3%
Currency/exchange rate
Rwanda Francs (RWF)
~RWF 847/USD
Govt. & Parliament
Presidential republic
Bicameral parliament
GDP per capita
USD 703 per capita
GDP (6 yr growth)
USD 8.1bn (7.3% p.a.)
Ratings
B+, “stable” - Fitch
B, “stable” - S&P
Sources: World Atlas, World Bank, Fitch, S&P - all 2016 except: population and Fitch rating 2017, exchange rate 2018
RWANDA IS …
5 Source: Rwanda Development Board (RDB), 2018
... low risk
... business friendly and modern
... a regional platform
... fast growing
... home to rich natural advantages
Safe and secure – 5th safest country to walk at night worldwide Stable – lowest debt ratio in region; stable
credit ratings High level of governance - #1 govt. transparency in Africa
Free trade agreements with ~50 countries
Preferential access to immediate proximity market of 60m Strong African hub potential; highly connected
African airline 3rd MICE ranking in Africa; +18 ranks in 3 years
2nd fastest growing economy in Africa; 2nd FDI/GDP in region
Most improved nation in human development in the world
2nd for doing business in Africa; 6hr business registration Growing bilingual and educated workforce (~47,000
grad./yr) Modern – 95% network coverage; 4th in global gender equality
Rich raw material availability; 17+ agri-inputs
Highest gorilla population in Virunga Massif; 1.2m tourists
STRONG ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HIGH LEVEL OF INVESTOR CONFIDENCE
6
Source: World Bank 2017
4.0%
5.3% 5.7% 6.0% 6.8%
10.2%
7.3%
Average GDP growth 2010-2016 (%)
... with strong level of FDI versus GDP
1.6
2.3
3.8 3.4
3.9 4.3
Ethiopia Rwanda Tanzania Kenya EA Uganda SSA Tanzania Rwanda Uganda Ethiopia Kenya Burundi average average
Second highest growth in East African region ...
FDI/GDP in 2016
2nd in Africa
HIGH STABILITY REFLECTED BOTH THROUGH REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STABLE CREDIT RANKINGS
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35.4 40.5 38.4
Kenya Rwanda Ethiopia Tanzania
52.7
34.6
Uganda Burundi
48.6
Public debt to GDP (%)
Lowest debt ratio in the region ... ... with stable international credit ratings
Credit ratings
2017: B+ (stable)
2016: B (stable)
Source: World Bank, Fitch 2017 rankings, S&P 2016 rankings
ROBUST GOVERNANCE AND INVESTOR FRIENDLY CLIMATE
8
#2 in Africa for Ease of Doing Business1 and Global Competitiveness2
#4 least corrupt Country in Africa
Total effective tax lowest in East African Community region
Preferential corp. income tax rate (15% if 50% exported)
Accelerated first year depreciation rate 50%3
Exempt capital gains & 0% tax if HQ in Rwanda
Duty-free imports of machinery & inputs4
Highly digitalized and efficient administration (6 hours to register a business)
Free business registration
One-stop center for investors with dedicated investment acceleration team
No restrictions to foreign ownership
No restrictions on capital flows
1. World Bank; 2. WEF; 3. Subject to investing USD50k in business assets; 4. In accordance with EAC customs reg. Source: RDB Investors Presentation
Business friendly regulation
Multiple incentives – largely for exporters
Efficient, supported processes
Commitment to foreign ownership
MINING FRAMEWORK IN RWANDA
RWANDA COMMITTED TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINING INDUSTRY
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Ambition to become a regional hub for mineral services, such as processing and beneficiation.
Strong legal and regulatory framework in place for the mining sector;
Legislation and policies attractive to investors and supportive for foreign direct investment;
Strong government support and a willingness to improve the mining sector;
INTERLOCKING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IMPLEMENTING A TRANSPARENT MINING CODE
RWANDA MINES, PETROLEUM, GAS, BOARD (RMPGB)
RWANDA DEVELOPMENT BOARD (RDB)
Responsible for the development of policies, laws, and regulation
Responsible for implementation of the national mining policies and strategies
Responsible for supporting sustainable economic growth and development
Responsible for implementation of environmental policies and laws
RWANDA ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (REMA)
Policy Drafting
Policy Implementation
Economic Development
Environmental Protection
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FOREFRONT OF SUSTAINABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY OF THE MINING SECTOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MINING IN RWANDA
3-year technical assistance programme to support the sustainable growth of Rwanda’s mining sector, with a focus on artisanal and small mines. Intended results:
• A more professional, open and transparent mining sector;
• A more efficient and economically viable mining sector, in line with environmental best-practice;
• Increased level of private investment in the sector;
• Improved incomes of artisanal miners
Funded by the British Government’s Department for International Development (DFID) as part of the UK’s aid programme and being implemented by Cardno Emerging Markets (UK), Ltd
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ITRI SUPPLY CHAIN INITIATIVE (ITSCI)
“ITSCI’s purpose is to create responsible mineral supply chains that avoid contributing to conflict, human rights abuses, or other risks such as bribery.”
Managed by the ITA (formerly ITRI) and Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center (TIC)
More than 21kt of mineral concentrate are being exported under ITSCI’s “bag and tag” monitoring programme each year from the region
ITSCI is monitoring 342 companies in Rwanda that cover 955 sites, 308 of which are ‘active
THE EXTRACTIVES HUB
The Extractives Hub forms part of a broader DFID programme called ‘Releasing the Transformational Potential of Extractives for Economic Development’ and has been set up to support decision makers and governments with the information they need to manage extractives sector resources to the benefit of citizens.
Finding relevant, up-to-date and trustworthy information on the extractives sector can be difficult and time-consuming. The Extractives Hub simplifies the search process by aggregating the latest analysis, reports and data on one platform. A helpdesk responds to requests from government officials for short-term technical assistance and custom research.
The Extractives Hub supported the RMB in the development of this pitchbook
RECENTLY REVISED MINING CODE TO SUPPORT GROWTH AND INVESTMENT
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MINING POLICY AND CODE OBJECTIVES INCLUDE…
Promoting domestic industry to become a regional hub for mineral services
Promoting scale and sustainability
Improvement in environmental, social and health and safety practices
Facilitating the transition to modern and efficient mining methods
Promoting value additive processing to increase revenue
Encouraging greater foreign direct investment
Licence Term Size Ownership
Requirements Renewal Multiple Licenses Permitted
Exploration 4 Years 400ha None Yes with
relinquishments YES
Large scale Mine
15 years 400ha None Yes with
relinquishments
YES
Medium scale Mine
10 years 100ha Min 40% local shareholding
Yes with relinquishments
YES
Small scale Mine
5 years 50ha 100% local
shareholding
Yes with relinquishments
YES
SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT LICENCING PROCESS
EXPLORATION LICENCE REQUIREMENTS
Minimum requirements for geological, geophysical, geochemical or resource analysis activities
EXPLOITATION LICENCE REQUIREMENTS
Minimum requirements for proving the economic value of mineral resources
Mine design and planning, ore treatment and processing
Social and environment management plan Infrastructure development plan Health and safety plan Employment, skills and technology transfer plan Compensation and resettlement plan
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TRANSPARENT FISCAL REGIME
ROYALTIES ON PRECIOUS METALS 6% ON GROSS VALUE
RWANDA’S MINING POLICY FRAMEWORK’S FOCUSES ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FINANCIAL BENEFITS THROUGH TRANSPARENCY OF TAXES, ROYALTIES AND OTHER PAYMENTS THAT REFLECT THE VALUE OF MINERAL RESOURCES TO SOCIETY
CORPORATE INCOME TAX 30%
ROYALTIES ON BASE METALS 4% ON GROSS VALUE
ROYALTIES ON GEMSTONES 6% ON GROSS VALUE
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ROBUST INFRASTRUCTURE WITH AN EXTENSIVE ROAD NETWORK, GRID POWER AND WIDE AVAILABILITY OF WATER
GOOD ROAD NETWORK ACROSS THE COUNTRY FURTHER INVESTMENT A KEY PART OF RWANDA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY
ENHANCED POWER AVAILABILITY & CAPACITY INCREASED CAPACITY AND IMPROVED NETWORK RELIABILITY, ‘PRODUCTIVE USERS’ (INCLUDES INDUSTRY) USAGE FROM 72% TO 100% AS PART OF THE ENERGY SECTOR STRATEGIC PLAN (ESSP) 2018/19 TO 2023/24 WATER WIDELY AVAILABLE
KIGALI-DAR ES SALAAM PORT US$2.5BN PROJECT TO CONNECT TO TANZANIA’S STANDARD GAUGE LINE, PRESENTLY BEING BUILT IN TWO PHASES; DAR ES SALAAM TO MOROGORO, AND MOROGORO TO MAKUTUPORA
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GEOLOGICAL ENDOWMENT OF RWANDA
KNOWN MINERALISATION OF INDUSTRIAL, PRECIOUS AND BATTERY METALS, GEMSTONES AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
97
197
Au 74
184
W 73
181
Ta
50
119
Sn
3
7
Li 28
59
Ni
#1 global Tantalum (Ta), #7 global
Tungsten (W) & #12 global Tin (Sn)
Dominated by artisanal /small scale
operations
Opportunity to consolidate and undertake
modern exploration
Regional gold trend hosts large deposits
Trend continues across Rwanda, with
known deposits and long mining history
Limited modern exploration
Country wide gemstone potential
World-class 3T mining
Known lithium mineralization in the country
with good potential for significant discoveries
Known world class nickel deposits in the region
with Eastern parts of Rwanda having potential
Region host economic Rare Earth Elements (REE)
deposits with known REE mineralization in
Rwanda
Battery Metals & Rare Earth Elements
REE
Precious Metals and Gemstones
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Rutongo (tin)
Gatumba (tin-tungsten)
Miyove (gold)
Nyungwe (gold)
Birambo (gold)
Nyakabingo (tungsten)
Bisesero (tin-coltan)
Rutsiro-Sebeya-Giciye (3Ts)
Gifurwe (tungsten)
Bugarama (tungsten)
Nemba (tin)
Musha-Ntunga (tin-coltan)
Rwinkwavu (tin)
UNIQUE GEOLOGY OF RWANDA
19 Source: ResearchGate.net
Bugarura-Kuriti-Bibare
(tin-tungsten)
WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCES OF BASE AND PRECIOUS METALS WITH POTENTIAL FOR BATTERY METALS AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS
Rwanda’s tin-tungsten-tantalum (3Ts) and gold mineralisation is related to granitic intrusions that form part of a giant, regional mineral province – the Kibaran Belt – that stretches from northeast Angola, eastern DRC into Rwanda
The Kibaran Belt sits between the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic Congo Craton to the west, the Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic Tanzania Craton to the east and the largely Palaeoproterozoic Bangweulu Block to the south
The major known metallogenic events of the Kibaran belt can be summarised as follows (Beak Report 2015):
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Initial occurrences in Rwanda with potential for more exploration
Widespread occurrences in Rwanda
3T and gold mineralisation associated with the 970 Ma syn-
tectonic G4 granite magmatic event
Au mineralisation associated with Pan African
(Neoproterozoic) magmatic events
Rare earth element (REE) and niobium mineralisation
associated with Neoproterozoic alkaline complexes
Nickel (copper-cobalt) in layered mafic/ultramafic bodies of the
1375 Ma Kibaran magmatic event
KNOWN GOLD PROJECTS IN THE REGION
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Byumba (265koz at 1.48g/t)
Miyove (390-440koz at 2.8-3g/t Nyamugali
Namoya (1.88moz at 1.9g/t) Twangiza (5.1moz at 1.44g/t
Kamituga & Mobale (920koz at 3.9g/t)
South Kivu / Maniema Mwenga
Matala (213koz at 3.3g/t) Kampene
Bujumbura
Tora-Kibezi
Gakere Muhwazi
Buthinda (136koz at 2.81g/t
Lusahunga
Giteranyi Nyungwe
Birambo
Prospective area?
Major gold belt extends from South Kivu (DRC) across Rwanda into Uganda
Known deposits in Rwanda:
Nyungwe (c 200koz mined)
Miyove (c 400koz resource)
Byumba (265koz resource)
Source: SNL
Operating
Reserves development
Exploration
Closed
GROWTH OF GEMSTONE DEPOSITS OVER THE YEARS
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KIGALI
Sapphire
Other gemstones
Gold
MINING HISTORY OF RWANDA
NEARLY 100 YEARS OF MINING HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE
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Mines
1930: cassiterite discovered at Rwinkwavu and Rutongo by Belgians
1931-41: cassiterite/coltan discovered at Bisesero, Gatumba, Ntunga, Mugesera, Bugesera
1933: cassiterite, coltan & wolframite discovered at Rutsiro
1940-1950: wolframite discovered in Gifurwe, Nyakabingo and Bugarama
Companies
1930 MINETAIN (Belgian)
1934 SOMUKI (Belgian)
1945 GEORWANDA (Belgian)
1948 COREM (Belgian)
1973 SOMIRWA JV between GoR (49%) and MINETAIN/SOMUKI
1985 SOMIRWA bankrupted by ‘international tin crisis’
1988 COOPIMAR established by GoR to support artisanal mining
1989 REDEMI established by GoR to restart SOMIRWA operations
2007 REDEMI liquidated after poor performance, mining sector privatised
Source: Cartes des Gites Mineraux du Rwanda (1982)
RMB & RMCA Project is digitizing historical information from Belgian
mines for the benefit of mining companies and investors
Ta-Nb REFINERY
PRG plc founded in 2015 to address future needs of supply chain security of critical metals in Western based manufacturing
Active in mining & processing in Rwanda
Developing a modern Ta-Nb refinery in the Bugesera industrial zone near Kigali
State of the art proprietary technology to produce a series of products:
First production Q1 2019 at 40 tonnes of concentrate per month – increasing to 120 tonnes of concentrate within 18 months
ONGOING VALUE ADDITION ACTIVITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES WITH POTENTIAL TO SCALE REGIONALLY
25
LUNA TIN SMELTER
East Africa’s only tin smelter
JV between Luma Investment Group of Poland (75%) and State-owned Ngali Holdings (25%)
Aiming to be an environmentally friendly, socially responsible and conflict free
Initial capacity of 380tpm of cassiterite
JV to explore and develop its own mining projects
Tin metal to be exported to Luma’s existing client base in Europe
OTHER OPPORTUNITIES
PPP opportunities to set up processing plants for tungsten
PPP opportunities to set up gemstone cutting and polishing centre for amethyst, tourmaline, sapphires, jasper, quartz, opal
PPP opportunities for setting up mining equipment and laboratory service centre
Tantalum hydroxide
Tantalum pentoxide
K-Salt Uranium oxide (yellow cake)
Niobium pentoxide
NUMEROUS ACTIVE FOREIGN MINING COMPANIES FOCUSED ON EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND VALUE ADDITION
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Bisesero 3T project
Musha-Ntunga 3T project
Nyanza 3T project
Rukugarata 3T project [also developing Ta-Nb refinery]
Power Resources Group
KIGALI
Rutongo project Luna Tin Smelter restart
Nyakabingo project
OTHER PPP OPPORTUNITIES
Tungsten processing plants
Gemstone cutting and polishing centre for Amethyst, Tourmaline, Sapphires, Jasper, Quartz and Opal
Mining equipment and laboratory service centres
PROSPECTIVE TARGET AREAS (PTA’S) &
POTENTIAL EXPLORATION BLOCKS
OVER 50 YEARS OF EXTENSIVE EXPLORATION WORK
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BRIDGEPORTH (UK) Interpretation of airborne geophysical survey data
1968
1981
UNDP AND GOR Stream sediment
sampling for entire country
SANDERS (Canada) Airborne magnetic
and radiometric survey
BRGM (FRANCE) 1:250k mineral deposit map of
Rwanda
1987
1991
RMCA (BELGIUM) 1:250k and 1:100k
geological maps
ADROITEC LTD (INDIA) Remote sensing survey
2006
NEW RESOLUTION GEOPHYSICS (SOUTH AFRICA)
Airborne gravity survey
2008
PGW (CANADA) Interpretation of NRG
data, 21 Potential Target Areas (PTAs)
identified
VAN STRAATEN INTERNATIONAL
MINERALS (CANADA) Carbonatite exploration
BEAK (GERMANY) 4 PTAs studied,
mapping, soil/stream/rock
samples
2010
2012
BEAK (GERMANY) 3 PTAs studied, mapping,
soil/stream/rock/bulk samples
RSC (AUSTRALIA) 3 PTAs studied, mapping,
surface EM, soils, trenching
2012
2015
2015
2016
2017
B2B (RUSSIA) Airborne magnetic, radiometric & EM
surveys
POTENTIAL TARGET AREAS (PTA’S) MAPPED ON THE BASIS OF ROBUST GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND INTERPRETATION
Source: PGW (2010) and RMB 29
In April 2010 Paterson, Grant & Watson Ltd (PGW) published a Mineral Prospectivity Report and Prospectivity Map (1:250,000) for Rwanda
A total of 21 Potential Target Areas (PTAs) were identified as having ‘excellent potential for Sn, W-Nb-Ta and/or Au-base mineralization’
The PTAs were identified following an interpretation of New Resolution Geophysics’ (NRG) 2008 airborne geophysical survey in combination with a review of all other existing geoscience data
30
23 POTENTIAL TARGET AREAS READY FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION
Advanced
Intermediate
Early
Economic studies, resource estimates, drilling & bulk samples
Exploration stage
Trenching, ground geophysics, stream sediments & soils
Airborne geophysics, geological mapping, satellite imagery
R2
R3
BUG3 BUG2
KA2
BUG1
R4
R1
KIG1
KIG2 KIG3
KI2
KI1
N1
KA1
G1
G2
KIB1
RWK1
KAG1
KAG2
N2
N3
20 MINERAL EXPLORATION BLOCKS READY FOR INVESTMENT
NYABISINDU & BUTARE: PTA N-2
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PTA N-2
Location 50km southwest of Kigali, mostly in the Ruhango & Muhanga districts
Size 450km2
Licence situation Some active exploration licences and artisanal mining licence applications
Opportunity
Limited further work needed (eg infill trenching) ahead of drill target selection. Major new artisanal mining area that offers an opportunity to consolidate licences and undertake a fast-tracked exploration programme. Mawarid’s Nyanza project on northeast border of N3
Existing mines ( 7 mineral licences and 4 applications)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Southerly extension of granite from Gatumba mining area, with significant structural complexity and known 3T occurrences
Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent additional surface geophysics and geochem, including trenching
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013), RSC (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
Gatumba mining district
N2
N3
Nyanza Project (Mawarid)
N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KANYARIRA
33
PTA N-2
Location Byimana and Mwendo sectors in Ruhango district
Size 1,050 ha
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts in pegmatites and in some quartz veins. Based on basic geological setting and past mining activities. Potential for large scale mine
N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMYASE
34
PTA N-2
Size 2,175 ha
Location Nyarusange sector of Muhanga district and Mwendo of Ruhango district
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts , dominated by pegmatite and quartz veins with coltan and cassiterite. Potential for large scale mine
NEAR N-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MBUYE
35
PTA N-2
Size 5,510 ha
Location Located in the Mbuye sector of the Ruhango district
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Gemstones , dominated by aquamarine (Beryl) ,hosted in pegmatites , amethyst. Pegmatites thickness varies between 0.5m to 4m aprprox. and extends to about 800m following a N150° trend. The aquamarine crystals are well-formed hexagonal prismatic (3-15mm in length and up to 10mm across). Potential for medium scale mine
KIBUYE: PTA KI-1&2
36
PTA KI-1&2
Location 90km west-southwest of Kigali in the Karongi, Nyamasheke and Nyamagabe districts
Size 300km2 and 450km
2
Licence situation Large number of exploration licences in the southern half of KI-1 and central portion of KI-2 (Mwarid’s Bisesero project)
Opportunity Potential extensions to Mt Karongi Sn deposit
Existing mines (10 mineral licences)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology N/a
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
KI-2
KI-1
GISENYI: GI-1
37
PTA GI-1
Location 60km west of Kigali in the Rutsiro district
Size 190km2
Licence situation Small number of active exploration and artisanal mining licences
Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences
Existing mines (5 mineral licences )
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Located between two regional shear zones, with extensive alteration and known Sn occurrences
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013), RSC (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
GI-2
GI-1
KI-1 & GI-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RUTSIRO-KAGANO
38
PTA KI-1 & GI-1
Size 1,400 ha
Location Between the districts of Rutsiro (Rubengera sector) and Karongi (Mukura sector)
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts and hosted in pegmatites. Some assays done on 40kg batches of ore samples yielding 180g of tantalum equivalent to 4.5% Ta2O5 proving the ore to be of high grade. Potential for medium scale mine
KI-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MUKO
39
PTA KI-2
Size 4,400 ha
Location
Mutuntu sector of Karongi District and Gatare, Mushubi and Nkomane sectors of Nyamagabe District
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3T and gold; The lithology of the complex is constant and its tectonic style indicates the deposition is overlapping magmatic intrusions. Potential for small to medium scale mine
GI-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RUTSIRO-RUHANGO
40
PTA GI-1
Size 1,200 ha
Location Rutsiro district
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Almandine garnet, well-formed crystals occur in the biotite schists with size between about 2cm and 7cm across. The crystals are fresh not weathered with quality of medium to high. Potential for small to medium scale mine
NYABISINDU & BUTARE: PTA N-3
41
PTA N3
Location 60km southwest of Kigali, mostly in the Ruhango & Muhanga districts
Size 350km2
Licence situation Single active exploration licence – most activity outside the PTA to northeast (eg Nyanza)
Opportunity Most of the prospective ground appears to be to the northeast of the PTA, hence limited opportunity
Existing mines (1 mineral licence,)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Covers the buried Karaba granite and altered amphibolites / schists of the Butare formation to the southeast
Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent additional surface geophysics and geochem, but most activity in the FTAs to the northeast
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013), RSC (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
Gatumba mining district
N2
N3
Nyanza Project (Mawarid)
N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYANZA-HUYE
42
PTA N-3
Size 5,500 ha
Location
Between the districts of Nyanza (Nyagisozi and Rwabicuma sectors), Nyamagabe (Cyanika sector) and Huye (Rwaniro and Kigoma sectors) in the Southern Province
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts and hosts pegmatites that have almost same general trends and compositions and easy to explore. The pegmatites occurrences comprise predominantly a quartz –sericite –muscovite assemblage and are usually high weathered and clay altered and commonly contains large flak mica crystals. Potential for large scale mine
N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMAGABE - MBAZI
43
PTA N-3
Size 1,600 ha
Location
Between districts of Nyamagabe (Mbazi sector) and Nyanza (Nyagisozi sector) in the southwest of Rwanda
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts hosted in pegmatite bodies. The general structure of the area is an anticline with an axis trending NNW-SSE and plunging to the north. Fractures also trend to the north like the foliation of the rocks in the area and the anticline structure. Potential for medium scale mine
N-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK:NYAMAGABE-BUTARE-NGAZO
44
PTA N-3
Size 400 ha
Location Mbazi sector in the Nyamagabe district
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Iron and its ore outcrops are scattered around the area, on Butare hill, either as actual in situ rocks or as boulders. It is of hydrothermal type deposit. Potential for medium scale mine
RUHENGERI & RUHENGERI NORTH: R-1
45
PTA R1
Location 80km NNW of Kigali, in the Burera, Gakenke and Rulindo districts
Size 500km2
Licence situation Active large scale licence over the Gifurwe deposit (Wolfram Mining & Processing Ltd and Boss Mining) and active small scale licence at Miyove (held by Ngali)
Opportunity
Existing non-compliant resource at Miyove of c 400koz at 2.9g/t potential JV opportunity – if PTA was extended east would also include Byumba (265koz at 1.5g/t). Known gold mineralisation within a regional significant gold belt – Miyove the largest known gold deposit in Rwanda
Existing mines (4 mineral licences, 1 application)
Production N/a
Target minerals Gold & 3Ts
Geology Major structural feature and possible underlying granite - altered metasediments + possible Au target northwest of Miyove
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken across the PTA beyond geophysical interpretation and UN geochem, although drilling has outlined a resource at Miyove
Infrastructure Good road access (laterite) - water available and power lines cross the target area
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017), Interra Exploration (2010), Bridegporth (2017)
R1
Gifurwe
Miyove Gold
Project
RUHENGERI & RUHENGERI NORTH: R-2
46
PTA R2
Location 20km northwest of Kigali in the Gakenke, Rulindo & Kamonyi districts
Size 300km2
Licence situation Active large scale mining licence over Nyakabingo, artisanal and small scale mining applications in the southwest of the PTA
Opportunity Potential for extensions of pegmatites at known artisanal mine sites and could be fast tracked to drill testing. Significant artisanal activity (3T pegmatites with good widths) and also hosts the Nyakabingo underground tungsten mine (excised)
Existing mines (6 mineral licences)
Production (2014 est) 145t of combined tin-tantalum concentrates, containing 21.75t of tantalum and 50.75t of tin
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Favourably located on the northern edge of the Gitarama granite and within the Satinsyi-Rutongo regional shear zone
Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent surface geochem including bulk samples from mine sites
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
R2
Rutongo
Nyakabingo tungsten
mine
R-1 & R-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAKABINGO-GIFURWE RING
47
PTA R-1 & R-2
Size 32,575 ha
Location Northern Province mainly the districts of Rulindo and Burera and small portions of the Gicumbi and Gakenke districts
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Since the 1930s major tungsten deposits (Nyakabingo, Gifurwe, and Bugarama) exploited both by open-pit mining and underground workings. The mineralised quartz veins are typically hosted by graphite rich black shales. The tungsten concentration of metasedimentary rocks in the ‘Tungsten belt’ is relatively high (4 to 6 ppm W). Potential for a large scale mine
RWINKWAVU: RWK-1
48
PTA RWK-1
Location 60km east of Kigali in the Kayonza district
Size 375km2
Licence situation Much of the PTA covered with large scale mining licences relating to the Rwinkwavu mine – the holder is apparently open to JVs etc though
Opportunity Unclear what opportunity remains given much of PTA already covered by licences
Existing mines (1 mineral licence)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Tin occurrences coincident with major shear zones (Kibungo-Ntoma, Kibungo-Rusomo) and buried granites; includes prospective metavolcanics and sedsiments
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) and Bridgeporth (2017)
RWK-1
KIGALI: KIG-3
49
PTA KIG-3
Location 50km northeast of Kigali in the Gasibo and Kayonza districts
Size 100km2
Licence situation Only small scale mining applications; potentially an open opportunity
Opportunity
Potential for extensions along strike (NW and SE) of the Kuluti deposits – could also extend PTA to the west to incorporate Bugarura. Identified by RMB as key exploration project given there are no licence holders within the PTA and the opportunity is ‘open’
Existing mines (2 mineral licenses)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Known 3T mineralisation hosted by Nyabugogo Formation metasediments
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond geophysical interpretation and UN geochem
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015) & B2B (2017)
KIG-3
KIG-3 & RWK-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KINUNGA
50
PTA KIG-3 & RWK-1
Size 16,800 ha
Location
Muhazi sector of Rwamagana District and Mukarange sector of Kayonza District
Licence situation
No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts; the lithology of Kinunga exploration block consists of set of meta-sediments including schists, meta-siltstone and quartzite of meso-proterozoic age intruded by Muhazi granite with possible origin of mineralising fluids from Muhazi granite intrusion. Potential for medium scale mine
RWK-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KIRIMBARI
51
PTA Near RWK-1
Size 850 ha
Location
Eastern Province within the district of Kayonza (Murundi and Gahini sectors) at the western boundary of the Akagera National Park
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Tungsten; primary deposits of the area are genetically hydrothermal vein related. Three types of mineralized vein identified: the vein hosted in highly tourmalinized schist, concordant vein hosted in quartzite and veins crosscutting the schist and quartzite. Potential for medium scale mine
BUGESERA: BUG-2
52
PTA BUG-2
Location 40km southeast of Kigali in the Rwamagan & Ngoma (mostly) districts
Size 250km2
Licence situation Active artisanal mining licences (and applications) and active exploration licences
Opportunity Potential for extensions of pegmatites at known small-scale mine sites and could be fast tracked to drill testing. Current cooperative mines are small and unable to test the full potential of the host pegmatites, both at depth and along strike
Existing mines (1 mineral licence, 1 application)
Production (2014 est) 24tpa of combined tin-tantalum concentrate, with 1.44t of contained tantalum and 13.44t of contained tin
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Eastern edge of the Mugesera granite with known 3T bearing pegmatites
Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent surface geochem including bulk samples from mine sites
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015), RSC (2015) ,B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
BUG2
BUG-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: NYAMAGANA
53
PTA BUG-2
Size 16,800 ha
Location
Between Kibungo and Remera sectors of Ngoma district and Murama sector of Kayonza District
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts and presence of geochemical anomalies of Sn, Ta, Rb , Au and Cs (± Li) elements; Rare metal pegmatites and Quartz veins/shear zones are key targets for mineral potential exploration. Potential for large scale mine
BUGESERA: BUG-3
54
PTA BUG-3
Location 15km south of Kigali in the Bugesera district
Size 150km2
Licence situation Only single active exploration licence in northeast of PTA
Opportunity
Existing small scale mines in southwest of the PTA (are these illegal given only single licence shown?) should be systematically explored. Tin occurrences continue to the north of the PTA (eg Bashyamba) which could be incorporated into the target area
Existing mines (4 mineral licenses)
Production (2014 est) 57tpa of total concentrate containing 3.42t of tantalum and 31.92t of tin (Beak 2015)
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Known Sn occurrence in amphibolite zone of Cyohoha metasediments northwest of Bugesera granite
Exploration undertaken Airborne geophysics, recent surface geochem including bulk samples from mine sites
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013/2015) ,RSC ( 2015) & B2B (2017)
BUG3
BUG-3 EXPLORATION BLOCK: RURENGE
55
PTA BUG-3
Size 4,175 ha
Location
Centre of Mwogo sector of Bugesera district, Gahanga sector of Kicukiro district and Mageragere sector of Nyarugenge district
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts hosted in pegmatites with presence of ferruginous and quartz veins along bedding and fracture planes in the Rukomo-Formation and Au-mineralisation in quartz veins. Potential for medium scale mine
KIGALI: KIG-1 & 2
56
PTA KIG-1&2
Location 10-20km east-northeast of Kigali in the Gasabo, Gatsibo and Rwamagana districts
Size 200km2
and 375km2
Licence situation Small number of active artisanal mining licences in both PTAs, large scale mining licence at Musha in southeast corner of KIG-2
Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences
Existing mines KIG1 (1 mineral licence) and KIG-2 (4 mineral licences and 2 applications)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology
KIG-1 shows signs of intense deformation at northern edge of Kigali granite; southeast of the Rutongo vein deposits. KIG-2 covers N-S faulting on western edge of buried Rwamagana granite, host to pegmatite and quartz vein mineralization to the south at Musha
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth. Piran active in the Musha-Ntunga licences
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
KIG-2
KIG-1
KAGITUMBA: KAG-2
57
PTA KAG-2
Location 75km northeast of Kikgali in the Nyagatare and Gatsibo districts
Size 900km2
Licence situation Essentially open, with only small active exploration and artisanal licences in the very north and very south of the PTA
Opportunity Very early stage exploration
Existing mines (1 mineral license, 2 applications)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Granite larger than previously thought - evidence of structural alteration and faulting along left flank
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
KAG2
KAG1
KIG-1&2 AND KAG-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BWISIGE
58
PTA Between KIG 1& 2 and KAG-2
Size 21,275 ha
Location
Northern Province overlapping the district of Gicumbi (Ruvune, Rutare, Nyamiyaga and Muko sectors) and Gatsibo (Nyagihanga and Gatsibo sectors)
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts; the area is prospected to have tungsten mineralisation and minor Gold (Au) placer in Bwisige area. Potential for medium to large scale mine
KAGITUMBA: KAG-1
59
PTA KAG-1
Location 90km northeast of Kigali in the Nyagatare district
Size 630km2
Licence situation Only single small scale mining licence in the northeast of the PTA
Opportunity Very early stage exploration
Existing mines (1 mineral licence)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Granite larger than previously thought – evidence of structural alteration and faulting along right flank
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
KAG2
KAG1
KAG-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: MATIMBA
60
PTA Between KIG 1& 2 and KAG-2
Size 6,893 ha
Location
Matimba Sector in the northern part of the Nyagatare district near the border with Uganda. It includes the Matimba sector
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Gemstones including numerous quartz veins including the pink and rose quartz mineralization crosscut these lithologies. Rose quartz occurs associated with pegmatite and at some places mined for construction purpose. Black tourmaline crystals also occur along with the rose quartz. Potential for small to medium scale mine
NYABISINDU & BUTARE: N-1
61
PTA N-1
Location 10km west of Kigali in the Kamonyi district
Size 150km2
Licence situation No licences in the PTA, other than an application in the southeast corner, and some active exploration licences on the northern border
Opportunity Represents potential extension of known Sn-W mineralisation in southwest corner of the Kigali sheet. Could Bashyamba, which RMB consider an ‘investment ready project, be included?
Existing mines (1 mineral license, 2 applications)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology N/a
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
N-1
N-1 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BASHYAMBA
62
PTA Near N-1
Size 200 ha
Location Nyarugende district near MT Kigali
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Tin deposit originally prospected by Minetain in 1933 through 120 wells and 40 deep trenches. Due to barren overburden, only a few amount of deposit have been evaluated that time, in that prospection the tenor was from 1.7 to 2 kg of Tin per cubic meter (Mine Bashyamba). Potential for small to medium scale mine
GISENYI: GI-2
63
PTA GI-2
Location 60km west-northwest of Kigali in the Rubavu, Nyabihu and Rutsiro districts
Size 225km2
Licence situation Small number of active exploration and artisanal mining licences
Opportunity Potential strike and depth extensions of known mineral occurrences, but most of the PTA covered by Gishwati Forest National Park, where mining is prohibited
Existing mines (1 mineral license)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Located between two regional shear zones, with extensive alteration and known Sn occurrences
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), Beak (2013), RSC (2015), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
GI-2
GI-1
GI-2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KARAGO
64
PTA G1-2
Size 1,000 ha
Location Karago, Rambura and Muringa sectors in Nyabihu district
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
3Ts & U; between 1928-1985 this mining district in this environment produced about 18,000t of cassiterite and 2,000 t of columbite concentrate, from regolith ore of an average combined grade of 0.5 kg/m³. Potential for large scale mine
KARENGARA: KA-1&2
65
PTA KA-1&2
Location 120km southwest of Kigali in the Nyamasheke, Rusizi and Nyaruguru districts
Size 375km2
and 500km
2
Licence situation Numerous active exploration licences along the southern border of KA2 and a few in the southern half of KA1
Opportunity KA2 supposedly prospective for gold and sapphires (there is existing production) but most of the PTA lies within the Nyungwe Forest National Park, where mining is not permitted
Existing mines KA1 (4 mineral licences) and KA2 (5 mineral licences)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts, gold and sapphires
Geology
KA1 covers the prospective Rutiti granite (Sn) and associated alteration corridor, while KA2 is a possible extension of known Au-mineralisation to the north and includes a newly discovered buried gravity anomaly (major buried mafic-to-ultramafic intrusion?)
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) & Bridgeporth (2017)
KA2
KA1
KA-1&2 EXPLORATION BLOCK: KIGARAMA
66
PTA KA-1&2
Size 1,125 ha
Location
Gitambi and Gashonga sectors of Rusizi District in the south-west of Rwanda
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Gold; this area consists of alternating black phyllite to beds of schist and few beds of grey quartzite. Potential for small to medium scale mine
RUHENGERI & RUHENGERI NORTH: R-4
67
PTA R-4
Location 90km northwest of Kigali in the Gakenke, Nyabihu, Ngororero & Muhanga districts
Size 300km2
Licence situation Small, isolated artisanal mining licence in north-central part of the PTA
Opportunity Essentially free of licences, significant artisanal / small scale mining in northerly extension of prolific Gatumba region – opportunity to consolidate and explore at depth / along strike
Existing mines (4 mineral licenses and 1 application)
Production N/a
Target minerals 3Ts
Geology Underlain by metasediments and amphibolites at edge of Gisenyi granite, at intersection of N-STYI-SZ and KK-SZ - similar setting to Gatumba-Burango pegmatite tin deposits
Exploration undertaken Limited work undertaken beyond airborne geophysics, UN geochem and recent geophysical interp by B2B and Bridgeporth
Infrastructure Good road access and water/power available
Reports PGW (2010), B2B (2017) and Bridgeporth (2017)
R-4
R-4 EXPLORATION BLOCK: BUSOGO
68
PTA R-4
Size 4,920 ha
Location
Northwestern Rwanda in the district of Musanze (Busogo, Muko, Nkotsi, and Kimonyi sectors)
Licence situation No licenses
Mineralization & Opportunity
Tungsten. Potential for medium scale mine
CONTACT: Rajkumar Singh, Strategic Adviser to the CEO; [email protected] , [email protected] Donat Nsengumuremyi, Director of Mineral Extraction and Processing Unit ; [email protected] ADDRESS: No 27 KN 4 Avenue, P.O.Box 937, Kigali Rwanda
For more info on RMB: http://www.rmb.gov.rw/ For more info on Mining Activity: http://portals.flexicadastre.com/rwanda/ For more info on license application: https://www.rmb.gov.rw/index.php?id=188