Rudolf FrauendorferAsian Development Bank
Non-State Delivery of Water and Sanitation Services:
Sharing Lessons Learned
UNICEF – ADB Regional Workshop on the Role of Non-State Providers in Basic Service Delivery
ADB HQ, Manila, Philippines19-20 April 2010
Water Supply and Sanitation Coverage
Water supply coverage – on track
Sanitation coverage – mixed resultsMore work needs to be done in Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Fiji, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea and Timor Leste.
While the progress in meeting quantitative targets is significant and laudable, there are continuing concerns over the quality of the services.
It is estimated that 90% of Asia’s wastewater is discharged untreated – polluting groundwater, rivers and coasts.
What needs to be done?
Create an enabling environmentSanitation policies and plans
Institutional arrangement
Capacity development
Sustainable and affordable financing and cost recovery mechanism
Increase awareness andinvolve stakeholders
Hygiene and sanitation education in schools
Social marketing of sanitation
Working with communities: in planning, financing, construction, operation and management of facilities
What needs to be done?
Increase investments
Allocate budget for sanitation
Promote partnership with the private sector
Support small-scale providers and entrepreneurs
Increase public awareness and involve stakeholders to stimulate demand
Address affordability and sustainability issues
Address administrative and legal constraints
It is estimated that the annual costs of meeting the 2015 sanitation target are about $7 billion for sanitation facilities, and $53 billion for wastewater treatment.
It is estimated that the annual costs of meeting the 2015 sanitation target are about $7 billion for sanitation facilities, and $53 billion for wastewater treatment.
What needs to be done?
Target the poor
Work with NSPs
Information, education and capacity development
Participation of the poor in planning, implementation and monitoring
Partnership between the local governments, poor communities and NSPs
Innovative financing
approaches
Output-based aid:
Nepal, Philippines
Microfinancing:
Bangladesh, Philippines
Revolving fund: India
Viet Nam
NSPs: Responding to Fill the Gap
Water NSPsInformal private water providersSmall-scale independent providers and small water enterprisesCivil society organizations (NGOs, FBOs, CBOs) supporting community-based managementPPP operators for water services
Sanitation NSPsSmall private providers – typically support household-level services, such as construction of toilets, emptying pits, desludging septic tanks, supplying component parts, etc.Civil society organizations supporting community-based management, sanitation promotion and marketingPPP operators – typically large-scale urban water and sewerage systems
NSPs: Responding to Fill the Gap
Engaging with stakeholders
Promotion, social marketing, advocacy, CLTSHygiene, sanitation and health educationEmpowerment and capacity developmentCommunity based solutionsMarketing low cost solutions
Providing technological optionsSmall piped networkSeptage managementDecentralized wastewater treatmentReuse of waste: ecosan toilets, biogas
Introducing innovative financing
Issues and Actions
Issues Actions needed
Governance Government priority
Inclusion of NSPs in plans and strategies
Institutional support for NSPs
Coordination and collaboration between central and local governments, public utilities, NSPs and development agencies
Regulation Clear areas for NSP engagement
Contracts and permits
Performance standards
Tariff regulation
Water allocation rights
Issues and Actions
Issues Actions needed
Effective service delivery
Performance monitoring and benchmarkingAccess to affordable and appropriate technologies and delivery systems
Financial Accessible and affordable financing mechanismsTargeted subsidiesFlexible payment terms; socialized fee structure
Capacity development needs
Business planningTariff/user fee structuringTechnicalKnowledge on water resource protection
ADB’s Contribution
Technical assistanceUrban services for the poor
Pilot and demonstration activityFinancing models for small-scale water providers (PHI)Small-piped networks (PHI, IND, VIE)
Output-based aidwater supply connections and HH latrines (NEP)
Lending Private concessionaire (INO)
Lessons Learned
Enabling environment
Stakeholder awareness and participation
Institution building
Partnerships among stakeholders
Commitment from users to contribute financially
Lessons Learned
Social marketing, community-led initiatives
Consideration of social aspects
Adequate support systems and capacity development on technical, financial and management options.
Provision of water supply and sanitation services as an entry point for other development initiatives.
Sanitation coverage in Asia is increasing
Quality of service still major concern
NSPs cover 10-50% of the population
Address institutional, legal and financial constraints
Successful WSS programs of NSP that can be replicated and scaled up
Engage communities and partner with the private sector to improve efficiency in service delivery
Support non-state providers to reach the uncovered sectors, especially the poor
www.adb.org
THANK YOU
UNICEF – ADB Regional Workshop on the Role of Non-State Providers in Basic Service Delivery
ADB HQ, Manila, Philippines19-20 April 2010
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