Precision Agriculture
Precision Management for Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services
Goods
Nutrient removal
Agrochemical attenuation
Clean water
Stabilising vegetation
Regulation of water flow
Grazing of algae
Clear water
Crops Food
Wild species diversity
Wildlife
Game birds & Coarse fish
Game & fish
Critical biodiversity
Diversity of invertebrates, bacteria & algae in soil & water
Plant communities on river banks
Plant, pest, natural enemy & pollinator diversity
Preferred groups of plants, birds, butterflies
Specific species of birds & fish
Interventions & gradients
Increased precision of nutrient & pesticide inputs
Gradients in soil nutrient concentrations
Gradients in land use intensity
Reduced tillage
Management of buffer strips
Critical biodiversity
Diversity of invertebrates, bacteria & algae in soil & water
Plant communities on river banks
Plant, pest, natural enemy & pollinator diversity
Preferred groups of plants, birds, butterflies
Specific species of birds & fish
Interventions & gradients
Increased precision of nutrient & pesticide inputs
Gradients in soil nutrient concentrations
Gradients in land use intensity
Reduced tillage
Management of buffer strips
Framework
Ecosystem Services
Goods
Nutrient removal
Agrochemical attenuation
Clean water
Stabilising vegetation
Regulation of water flow
Grazing of algae
Clear water
Crops Food
Wild species diversity
Wildlife
Game birds & Coarse fish
Game & fish
Goods Ecosystem Services
Critical biodiversity
Interventions & gradients
Servicedelivery
Biodiversity
2Bi
odiv
ersi
ty1
Driver / gradient
• Univariate comparisons: species richness, indices encompassing evenness & dominance,all at multiple spatial scales: α, β, γ diversity
• Multivariate comparisons: Community composition – Identify indicative taxa, pairwise comparisons of community similarities
• Extend both to assessments of functional traits and/or phylogenetic diversity (proxy)
Land use intensity and diversity
Diversity and process
Value of diversity
Clear water (reduced sediment load)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Conventional tillage
Low/Min/No tillage
Grassland / Margin
Eart
hwor
m sp
ecie
s ric
hnes
s(n
umbe
r / m
2 )
Species Richness0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0Hyd
raul
ic c
ondu
ctivi
ty k
s/m
m/h
Regulate water flow (reduce overland flow)
1
2
Soil
Hyd
raul
ic
Cond
uctiv
ity (k
s/m
m/h
)
Worm species richness
Eart
hwor
m s
peci
es
richn
ess
(No.
/ m
2 )
Bradbury et al 2010 Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 986-993
Cultivated margin (EF11)
Pollen and nectar mix (EF4)
6m grass buffer strip (EE3)
Water quality - - + + +Pest control + + + Pollination + + + - Arable flora + + - - - - Farmland birds + + - +
Examples of trade-offs and synergies between Ecosystem Services delivered by field margins under different ELS options.
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