Rocks
The solid mineral material forming part of the surface ofthe earth and other planets.
Igneous Rocks
“Fire Rocks”
Volcano
Volcanoes may be active, dormant, or extinct.
Basalt
Extrusive, dark, most common type of rock in theEarth’s crust, and makes up most of ocean floor.
Granite
Intrusive (formed by slow cooling of magma underground). It is often used
for building.
Obsidian
Formed when lava cools quickly above ground.It is black glass with sharp edges and is used for making cutting tools and arrowheads.
Pumice
Cooled quickly allowing air bubbles to form.Light enough to float on water.
Rhyolite
Scoria
“Lava Rock”, lightweight extrusive rock with large,gas bubbles. It is usually red or dark in color.
Sedimentary Rocks
“Layered rocks”
Breccia
Made up of angular pieces cemented togetherby minerals.
Conglomorate
Rounded pieces cemented together by minerals.
Limestone
Made up from the mineral calcite which came from bedsof evaporated seas and lakes and sea animal shells.
Sandstone
Composed of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.
Shale
A fine-grained rock made up of mud that is a mix of
clay and salt minerals.
Travertine
Hematite
Coal
The actual remains of dead plants from long ago.
Fossils
Metamorphic Rocks
“Changed Rocks”
Gneiss
Used to be granite, but heat and pressure turned it into gneiss. It as bands of gray and white.
Hornfel
Marble
Used to be limestone until heat and pressure turned it intothe metamorphic rock called marble.
Quartzite
Was once sandstone and then heat and pressure transformedit into the metamorphic rock Quartzite.
Schist
Used to be Basalt. Heat and pressure changed it intothe Metamorphic rock, Schist.
Slate
Used to be shale. Heat and pressure changedit into slate.
Metamorphic “Changed”
Sandstone ------------------ QuartziteLimestone ------------------ MarbleGranite ------------------ GneissBasalt ------------------ SchistShale ------------------ Slate
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