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PROPOSAL
THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE TOWARDS STUDENTS
VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT THE THIRD GRADE OF
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.
RIKA PURNAMA SARI
090401
BI VI C
TARBIYAH FACULTY
INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES
SULTAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2012
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. BACKGROUNDEducation is very important in our life for human resources, education
is guide process that done by educators to student in understand and expressly
condition to get education. Education will be found in formal and non formal,
education in school is formal education, it is mean school doing of activity
planning and organizing, include acticity in teaching learning process at the
class, and teacher is one important person in school. Beside teaching and
educating, teacher must also know how to educate the students.
The activities in teaching and learning process, teachers and students
should use the language properly and correctly. Especiallya teacher, must
deliver material simple language to be easily understood by students, so the
atmosphere of learning to be comfortable and effective, because a language as
tools of comunications is very important in the daily life. A language is
commonly used by people to express idea with a language we can
communicate with others. As tool of comunications language cannot get away
from the individually activities in many aspect of life. In its development,
language as means of communication has many changes. The changes of
language have variations. Some of widely spoken and some gradually
abandoned by the speaker, eventually vanish completely. Language is a tool
for communication, because without language we cant interactions one each
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others. Functions of language conducted with two kinds activity human, they
are speaking and listening.
Educations gives the chance and experience in finding information
process, solve the problem, and make a decision, in their life. By learning
process that centered on student, the role of teacher has changed from teacher
to the facilitator. As fasillitator, good teacher has to provide the student
opportunity to able to mention vocabulary through picture media as learning
of facilitation.
To achieve the quality of education,a qualified teacher who has the
ability in teaching, because in affect the learning result. Learning result is the
ability of individuals obtained after the learning process takes place, which
can provide good behavioral changes of knowledge, understanding, attitudes
and skills that students are better than ever. As mentioned Hamalik (1995:48)
learning result are "subject to change behavior that includes cognitive,
affective and psychomotor in certain situations thanks to his experience over
and over again." Opinion was supported by Sudjana (2005:3) "learning result
are behavioral changes that include the areas of cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor owned by the students after receiving their learning experience."
In this research, the writer choose picture media teach vocabulary at
the third grade students in junior high school 25 Jambi. The media is
"everything that can be a tool of information and communications, facilities
and infrastructure, facilities, support, liaison, dealers." (YudiMunadi, 2008:5)
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The using picture media at the third grade students in junior high school 25
Jambi hope can to improve student vocabulary.
The writer choose of this picture media because the writer thinks is
suitable for use in teaching vocabulary to students. By knowing a lot of
vocabulary, students will master the English language better. Because of
Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language. It is also a collection
of words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing. Vocabularyor is
the sum of all the vocabulary words in a language also the ability of words
known and used by some one in speaking and writing.
On the other side, based on the first interview with teacher at english
junior high school 25 Jambi. The writer found that teachers have not been
optimal in learning, one of which teachers do not use good media, the picture
media and other media as a means of learning to improve student learning
result.
Therefore, based on the explanation above the writer tries to aplly
picture in teaching vocabulary and want to know whether there is significant
difference on students vocabulary learning result between using picture and
whithout using pictured.
So this research entitled: THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE
TOWARDS STUDENTS VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT
THE THIRD GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.
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B. The Formulation of ProblemBased on the background elaborated above the writer has identified
some problem namely:
1. What the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture at the
third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?
2. What the score of students vocabulary learning result not using picture at
the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?
3. Is there significant effect of picture towords students vocabulary learning
result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?
C. Limitation of ProblemBased on the background elaborated above the writer has:
1. The result is limited on the use picture in vocabulary about schools of
equipment, rooms, professions.
2. The research will be focused at the third grade at junior high school 25
Jambi.
3. Learning result includes be focus at kognitif aspect.
D. The Purpose and Advantages of Research1. The Purpose of Research
a. To know the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture
at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.
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2) All the words of a language.
3) All the words used by a particular person, class, profession, etc;
sometimes, all the words recognized and understood by a
particular person, although not necessarily used by him (in full,
passive vocabulary).
Similarly, Hornby (1995: 1331) defines vocabulary as:
1)The total number of words in language.
2)All the words know to a person or used in a particular book,
subject, etc.
3)A list of words with their meanings, especially one that
accompanies a text book in a foreign language.
According to the definitions above it can be concluded that
vocabulary is a stock of words in a language, written or spoken, with
meaning that considered as cultural meaning used by group or
individual community.
b. Picture1) Definition of picture
Picture is photo, picture or painting, and sketch ( line picture)
(Azhar Arsyad, 2007: 113). Picture represent got easy and important
visual media. Cause he earn to change word of verbal, abstraction
something that concrete, and overcome perception of human being.
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Picture make people can catch information or idea which
consist in it clearly, clearer than laid open by words (Yudhi Munadi,
2008: 89).
From some the opinion above, clear that picture media
represent media able to be seen by clarified eyesight senses through
pictures in course of study with aim to facilitate child in
comprehending Iesson quickerly.
2) Condition of Good Picture.
Good Picture is matching with the target of study. Besides
there are some condition which need to be paid attention for
example:
a) Having to autentik, that is the picture shall be downright
portray situation like if people see object in fact
b) Simple, that is its composition shall be selfexplanatory show
fundamental poin-poin in picture
c) Size measure relative, that is picture can enlarge or minimize
object or object in fact
d)
Picture better contain deed or motion, showing certain activity
( Arief S. Sadiman Dkk., 2002: 31-32).
Though there is statement that picture media have some
weakness, but picture media remain to represent media which is
most commonly weared, which can understood and comprehended
wherever. Picture media also is easy to got, either from brochures,
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posters, containing magazines of high and good pictures its quality,
and from colourful and also black and white good colour facet, or
by making simple picture media, by using technique mark with lines
and circle.
c. Learning ResultLearning result is domination of knowledge / skill about
vocabulary developed by Ianguage subject of english which is usually
shown with value of test given value number of teacher.
Learning Result to be define as a result of which is expected from
study which have been specific in certain behavioral formula as effect
of process learning him. (Veithzal Rifa.i, 2003:130)
According To A. Tabrani Rusyan in its book of approach in
course of learning to teach to have a notion : " Result learn to represent
reached result by a student after he do certain school activity or after
he accept instruction from a teacher at one time. (A. Tabrani Rusyan,
2000:65)
To be more sharpness concerning students vocabulary learning
result can be seen at schema here under :
knowledge/
vocabular
behavioral
learning use
icture
test learning result
value
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From schema above expressing, that result learn to be resulted by
existence of activity of evaluation learn ( evaluation and tes) learn to
be conducted caused by activity learn. Pros and consly of learning
result very depended from knowledge and change of behavioral of
pertinent individual to what studying.
2. Operational Definitiona. Vocabulary
According to opinion of writer, vocabulary is the way of spelling,
learn words specially in Ianguage of english from one syllable become
sentence and sentence become paragraph. covering writing, spelling,
way of reading and punctuation mark.
Vocabulary is the key for speaking english, to master vocabulary
for practicing english the students have to memorize and use it in
conversation or speaking english, students who diligent and always
memorize the vocabularies will be more easy to practice english and
than able to learning result well.
The teaching vocabulary by using picture media will help the
students to understand faster and enjoy when learning process.
b. Picture Media
According to writer of picture media is one of the media study
which in submitting its Iesson items use picture as a means of the
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forwarding of him. Picture media can in the form of photo, painting,
etc.
By giving the picture students are able to understand the ,meaning
of word without opening the dictionary to fine the meaning.
c. Influence of Picture Media
According to writer of influence of picture media is very having an
effect on to result learn student. by using picture as media is
forwarding of him expected by student more is comprehending
submitted by Iesson items teacher.
d. Vocabulary learning result using picture
According to writer vocabulary learning result use picture is value
result of test conducted by teacher after student given by study media
that is picture.
F. HypothesisHa : There is a significant effect of picture towards students vocabulary
leraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi (
) = Ha accepted.Ho : There is no significant effect of picture towards students vocabularyleraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi ( ) = Ho accepted.
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CHAPTER II
RESEARCH PROCEDURE
A.Desain of ResearchIn this research, the effect of using picture media towards student
learning of vocabulary subject to be used by experiment method really with
research device the used pasca desain test commensurable random subyek
two group.
Research device pasca desain test commensurable random subyek
two group. Can be described as following:
Class Treatment Tied Variable
X Y
Class V.A ( E ) Class V.B ( C )
( Sudjana,1996)
Tables of above to show stages, steps of research, at coloum two
treatment to group experiment using picture media, and control group which
without picture media. While at column three the make-up of the
understanding learning of vocabulary subject among experiment group and
control group.
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Information:
E = eksperiment class
C = control class
X = media
Y = learning result
= giving of treatment using picture media
= without picture media
= learning result using picture media = learning result without picture media
B. Kinds and Source of Data
1. Kinds Of Data
To facilitate data collection that the writer did in this study, the
authors grouped into two categories, namely
a. Primary Data
Primary data is "data obtained by the authors directly, whether
conducted through interviews, observation, and other
tools.(Subagyo,1990:87)
In this case I find and collect data in the form of indicators of
how the effect of using picture towards students vocabulary learning
result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.
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The primary data that the author intended in this research is data
about the effect of using picture media towards students vocabulary
learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data is data that is not taken directly from the source,
secondary data that the author intended in this research is already well-
documented data that has to do with the title.
The secondary data are as follows:
1) Historical and geographical of state junior high School 25 Jambi
2) Structure organization of state junior high School 25 Jambi
3) The teachers and students condition and facility in state junior
high School 25 Jambi.
2. Source of Data
The Source of in this research as follows:
a. Headmaster of State junior high School 25 Jambi
b. English teacher of State junior high School 25 Jambi
c. Students of State junior high school 25 Jambi
d.
Condition of teaching and learning process of english subject in the
class
e. Documentation and literatures which are related to study.
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C. Population and Sample1. Population
Population is " entire/all data becoming research of Population is
generalizing region which consist of object / subjek having and quality of
karekteristik certain which specified by researcher to be studied and
later;then pulled its conclusion. (Arikunto,1990:129)
This population of this research are the fifth grade students of the
junior high school 25 Jambi. They are 60 students the consist of two
classes.
Tables 1
students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi
class Male Female Amount
3A 16 14 30
3B 17 13 30
Amount 60
2. Sample
According to Subagyo sampel is " part of the amount of
characteristic data had by population, good sampel is sampel able to
express maximally situation of population. (Subagyo, 1990:90)
Tables 1
students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi
class Male Female Amount
3A
(experiment class)
10 10 20
3B
(control class)
10 10 20
3A & 3B
Validity class
13 7 20
Amount 60
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D. The Method of Collecting Data
a. ObservationObservation interpreted " as record-keeping and perception
systematicly to visible symptom at research object. Perception and
conducted record-keeping to object in place march of events, so that
observation reside in with object investigated"(Margono, 2004:158)
b. InterviewInterview Method is " an form of communication of verbal a kind of
conversation with aim to obtain;get information. (Nasution, 2004:113)
Interview represent appliance gathering of information by oral to be
answered verbally also. (Margono, 2004:165)
This method used by writer to obtain;get responder data directly,
like:
a. First Middle Headmaster of junior high school 25 Jambi
b. Organizer
c. Teacher
d.
Student
c. Test Method A test is set of questions or stimulus which is given to the student
or to the subjects or respondents to obtain the answer or responses which
can be used to measure the ability, skill, intelligence, knowledge, talent, or
interest ( Arikunto, 2002: 127)
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Test giving to students in the form of multiple choice consisting of
four answer choices, with a test picture. Test is made in a accordance with
the curriculum and textbooks used by the junior high school 25 Jambi,
using picture media as a means of learning.
Score of the given test at the validity test, if the correct answer
score is one, if the answer wrong score is zero. When the test is used to
determine differences in learning score of students who learn to use the
picture media that without picture media, each multipled by five points of
correct answer, wrong answer zero.
Given test is:
1) Validity TestInstrument told valid if can measure what wanted. Instrument
told valid if can express data of accurate variable precisely.
Formula:
Information:
= Koefisien korelasi point biserial =Total Score mean which [reply/ answer] correctness [at]problem item.
= Total Score mean. = standard of Deviasi total ( Standard Deviasi of totalscore)
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= Student proportion which replying correctness to problemitem which is searching by its correction with tes as a
whole.
= Student proportion the replying wrong in each problemitem.
(Sudijono, 2004:249)
Result of calculation consulted at tebel with level of signifikansi
5%. If > hence valid problem item.
2) ReliabilitasReliabilitas is correctness or decision an evaluation. Evaluation
appliance told by reliable if the tes can be trusted, consistence or
stabilize and is productive.
Formula K-R 21:
[ ] [ ]Information:
M = total means score
k = number of item
= total varian(Sugiyono, 2010:132)
Price of r obtained to be compared to with level ofsignifikan 5 %. If price > hence problem which is test-draived have the character of reliable.
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3) Level Difficulty of Problem.Number showing difficult and is easy of him something problem
referred by difficulty index. Make an index to this difficulty show level
difficulty of problem. Level of index difficulty of problem can be
calculated:
Information:
P = index difficulty of problem.
B = o the number of student which replying that problem
exactly.
JS = Amount of entire/all student participant of tes.
(Arikunto, 2002 : 208)
Classification make an index to difficulty of problem shall be as
follows:
0,00 < IK 0,30 is difficult
0,30 < IK 0,70 medium
P 0,70 < IK < 1,00 easy
4) Distinguishing energy of problem.Distinguishing energy of problem is ability something problem to
differentiate between clever student ( high capable) with stupid student
(capable lower). Number showing the level of referred as
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distinguishing energy of discrimination index (D). Formula to
determine discrimination index is:
Information:
DP = Distinguishing energy
= Amount of real correct problem item at score upper group = Amount of real correct problem item at under group score = To the number of student at group to the.
(Suherman, 1990:90)
Distinguishing Energy classification::
DP 0,00 = Very bad.
DP 0,000,20 = bad
DP 0,200,40 = enough
DP 0,400,70 = good
DP 0,701,00 = very good
d. DocumentationDocumentation method is to " searching data concerning or things of
variable-variabel which in the form of note, manuscript, book, newspaper,
magazine, minutes, meeting, inscription, lengger, agenda, etc. (Arikunto,
2002:149)
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Documentation is to " representing data through ommission written,
like : archivess and including also books about opinion, theory, laws and
theorem and others relate to the problem of research. (Margono, 2004:181)
This method of writer use to look for respective data with:
a. Geographical and Historical
b. Organization
c. Situation of teacher, staff, and students
d. Situation of facilities and basic facilities
E. Data Analisis Method1. Normalitas test.
Before determined hypothesis test is beforehand conducted by
examination of data or test normality of data. If data have normal
distribution, hence hypothesis test using statistic of parametik, while if
distribution data is not normal, hence hypothesis test use statistic of is non
parametik. For the test of normalitas data, used formula of Chi Square
(). ( Ridwan, 2003:187) Calculation step:a.
Determining big score and small score
b. Determine the large
c. Determine the number of class (BK)
BK = 1+3,3 log n (Sturgess formula)
d. Determine the length of the class (i)
i=
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e. Determine the average or mean ()=
f. Determine the standard deviation
g. Make a list with the following way:
1)
Determine the class boundaries left scores first class interval 0,5
and later reduced the number right score plus 0,5 class interval.
2) Find the value of Z-scores for the class limit of the interval with the
formula: Z=
3) Seek broad 0 Z from the table of normal curve from 0 Z by
using the number for the class boundaries
4) Search area for each interval by subtracting the number 0 Z, is
the first row number minus the second row, second row number
minus the third row and so on.
5) Find the expected frequency (Fe) by way of transfer area of each
interval with the number of respondents.
6) Looking for a chi square with the formula
7) Compare () with ()db=k-3, dan =0,05
decision rule:
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if , then the data distribution is not normalif , then the normal data distribution
2. Homogenitas testThis test aim to know what is both class having same variant or
not. If the class have is same variant, hence the class told is homogeneous.
To testing homogeneous data used by test of Bartlett with statistic of Chi
Square with formula:
With
Information:
= variant from all sampel. = variant of each class.(Sudjana, 1996:255).
Step calculation:
a. Enter the statistics for testing homogeneity in the test table barlet
b. Calculate variance with the formula
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c. Count log d. Calculate the value of B= e. Calculate the value = (log 10){ }f. Compared = with the value for =0,05 and degrees
of freedom, with the following test criteria:
If not homogeneousIf
not homogeneous
3. t testBy the end of execution of second experiment of group recognized
its measurement or final tes with appliance / same instrument. Result of
from tes both of the group compared to is technics t-tes with formula:
= Mean variable x= Mean variable y = Error StandardX = class no using picture media (class control)
Y = class using picture media (class eksperiment)
To get the result of t-test, we have to do some steps as follow:
Steps of t-test
a. Mean variable x
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b. Mean variable y
c. Standard deviasi variable x
d. Standard deviasi variable y
e. Standard error variable x
f. Standard error variable y
g. Looking for
h. Looking for
i. Looking for standard error to dofferent between mean variable x and
mean variable y
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Looking for to:
( Sudjono, 2004: 325-326)j. Interpretation
1) If to t table same with or the bigger than t therefore the zero
(null) hypothesis its mean refused between two variables, there issignificant influence.
2) If to table therefore hypothesis zero (null) received it is mean
between two variable there is significant influence. (Anas Sudjono,
2004:314)
F. Schedule of the researchAs for so that this research as according to previous planning have been
planned, hence writer schedule for the following research
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Table 1
Schedule of the research
No Activities MOUNTH
June Jule Augst Sept Oct Nov
1 Making of
proposal
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CHAPTER III
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI
A. Histories and geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi1. Histories of the state junior high school 25 Jambi
According to Mrs. Surya Dewi, S.Pd as headmaster of the state
junior high school 25 Jambi says:
SMP 25 berdiri pada tahun 2007, merupakan SMP Negeri di
Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. Berdiri di atas tanah wakaf milik Bp Majid selaku
ketua RT 14 pada waktu itu. Dengan luas tanah satu hektar
(1000m2).(interview, Mei 2012)
Firstly location on this building in RT 14 Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. In
firstly lesson here, there are 367 students. and headmaster of state junior
high school 25 Jambi has exchange for six more. Firstly, Mr.Harun and
than Mr.Basuki, and than Mr.Sumarjo, and than Mr.AzraI, and than
Mr.Rozali, and after that Mrs.Surya Dewi until now.(interview, Mei 2012)
2. Geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi
a.
Administrative location (interview, Mei 2012)
Administrative location of state junior high school 25 Jambi as
follow:
1) Street : Yunus Sanis Street,
2) District : Jelutung
3) Province : Jambi
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b. Economic locations (interview, Juni 2012)
Naturally state junior high school 25 Jambi has economic locations as
follow:
1) West side is Smp N 14 Jambi
2) East side is Perum. Pesut
3) South side is Pertamina
4) North side is elementary school 77
B. Condition of School FacilitiesThere are many factors determine for the student and teacher successful
in teaching and learning process is not morely depended on preparation, but
facilities also hold the important role. Discussing about facilities in junior high
school 25 Jambi are enough complete. But, year by year this school is
completed.
Junior high school 25 Jambi thinks that knowledge and technology are
important to be main necessary for human interest in any time and place. So
that, junior high school 25 Jambi should give any facilities that support its
teaching and learning process, preparation of any instructional learning media
as study facilities enough available in order to be one of the requirement for
the purpose of the teaching and learning process.
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Tabel II
Condition of School Facilities
(Documentation, Mei 2012)No Room Number Condition
1 Class Room 12 good
2 Head master office 1 Good
3 Teacher office 1 Good
4 Medical room 1 Good
5 Library 1 good
6 Teachers toilet 1 good
7 Students toilet 1 good
8 Vice headmaster 1 good
9 Laboratorium 1 good
10 BK Room 1 good
C. Teachers and Students Condition1. Teachers condition
Basically, a teacher is main person who has duties to contribute
information and knowlwdge to the students. The teacher is not only as
contributor knowledge, but also as an advisor, mediator and facilitator to
conduct the students in getting information and knowledge.
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D. The Sructure of OrganizationJunior high school 25 Jambi is managed directly by a headmaster whose
duties supported by his staff that almost of them are teacher also his
responsibilities are to plan, apply, control, conduct and evaluate the
implementation of the learning process at the school. In order to do his work
properly, he has to cooperate well to all of the teachers by sharing rights and
responsibility fairly of the job according to the professionalism each of them.
Picture III
The Structure of Organization Junior High School 25 Jambi
(Documentation, Mei 2012)
Headmaster
Surya dewi, S.Pd
Deputy of curriculum
Siti Mar am
Deputy for Student Affair
Rosnalainas, S.Pd.I
Treasurer
Jamilah, S.Pd
Chief of Administration Affair
Vera Dhefriana, S.Pd
Teacher
Students