Review Warm Up QuestionA “PRE TEST”
Both DNA and RNA
A.contain phosphate
B.contain amino acids
C.are a double helix
D.are inorganic
** No notes because this was a “pre test”
What does the following “code” mean to you? Write one line at the top of your
notes.
Next… use a few lines to make your own code similar to this one.
What did the code for DNA look like to you?
Why is this code considered “universal?”
Get ready to take notes on DNA! (In your book or on paper)
DNA is the last macromolecule!What are you expecting to learn about DNA?
That’s right!Building blocks & Function!
Remember you must take notes for each Q!
Every living thing has DNA. That means that you have something in common with
a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!
DNA stands for:D: DeoxyriboseN: NucleicA: Acid
DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder!
Q! What does DNA stand for?
Where do you find DNA in the body?
Take a look at the following picture
The BIG PICTURE!
This picture may be confusing but this is
the big picture!
Q! What are nucleic acids?• Two types: DNA and RNA
• Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA carry genetic information
Q! What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?•Nucleotides
•Made of a sugar (Deoxyribose), phosphate, and nitrogen base
Q! What does a nucleotide look like?
Q! What is the code for DNA?There are 4 nitrogen bases for DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine
The “code” is as follows:Adenine goes with Thymine (A-T)Guanine goes with Cytosine (G-C)
Q! Why does DNA called a “double helix?”
DNA is double stranded and twists (Like a twisted up ladder).
Tape/Staple the DNA Picture in your notes
Finish This DNA code:A-C-C-G-G-T-
Remember! A-TG-C
Finish This DNA code:A-TC-GC-GG-CG-CT-A
Explore what you know!Using the notes we have made…Try to label the DNA molecule that you put in with your notes.If you finish, you can quiz each other over the notes in preparation for your exit quiz!
Answer the following:
4. DNA HAS ___ STRANDS.
5. In DNA, A goes with ____ and C goes with ______.
6. Explain why DNA IS a universal code.
7. What are nucleic acids?
8. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
9. What are the building blocks of DNA?
Comparing DNA and mRNA
DNA vs. RNA
1. Location
2. Sugar
3. Structure
4. Nitrogen Bases
5. Function
Nucleus
Deoxyribose
Double helix (2 strands)
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, &
Cytosine
Contains genes to make proteins
Directions: Copy and fill in the chart below using the 5 criteria
Cytoplasm
Ribose
Single helix (1 strand)
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, & Cytosine
Carries genetic message out of the
nucleus
You can tell people apart by their fingerprints…
Because everyone’s fingerprints are different!
DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little
different!
How does the police look at DNA to figure out who committed a crime?
BIG
LITTLE
A special machine sorts the DNA by size.
(Little pieces are fast, so they move faster to the bottom.) TOP
BOTTOM
Miss Ellis’ DNA Sara’s DNA
Our DNA has different sizes of pieces so it makes a different pattern when it’s all
cut up.
Can you guess which one is Sara and which one is Miss Ellis?
Miss Ellis Sara
Is the red box around Miss Ellis’ DNA or around Sara’s DNA?
?
Name: Tony Tackle
Suspected because:
Tony was caught at the local marine terminal last year trying to sneak fishing tackle from one of the ships at port.
Name: Randy Raddichio
Suspected because:
A witness saw Randy chowing down on some radishes just moments after the veggie snatching.
Name: Fanny Fennel
Suspected because:Fanny is also a skydiver and
the long time enemy of Miss Maize. She would like nothing more than for Miss Maize to not eat her vegetables and not be able to compete as well in the big competition next week.
• At each station there will be a question. If you answer the question correctly you will get a DNA clue.
• At the end, look at the clues and figure out who stole Miss Maize’s vegetables!
1. Presentation about DNA (Time: 15 minutes)2. Extracting DNA from an onion (Time: 15-20 minutes)
a. May be done as an experiment in front of the class rather than as an activity for everyone to participate in (as you need a blender, use of a knife, etc)
3. Making a DNA molecule with candy (Time: 15-20 minutes)
a) DNA molecule can be made with licorice as the backbone and mini marshmallows of different colours as the bases
b) Can the kids have food in class? (Any allergies?)
4. Playing a “CSI-style” mystery game (Time: 20-25 minutes)
a. The class will be broken up into groups of 2-4 children.b. I will present the case, with suspects and the victim of the crime (I
won’t choose a violent crime, something like a purse snatching!)c. There will be different stations where groups can get clues if they
answer questions right about DNA.
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